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敌特中考英语语篇翻译技巧和专题练习(习题含答案)

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2021-01-22 22:10
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2021年1月22日发(作者:决)
语篇翻译

语篇翻译

一、出题形式

1.
以一篇短文的形式出现
:


3
个:英译汉



2
个:汉译英

2.
考纲要求

考查对中西文化差异的了解;

对常用短语、习惯用语和重要句型的运用;

对句子结构、语法知识的掌握

对简单的翻译技巧的掌握。

二、考查重点

1


各类重要句型结构(定语从句等)

2
、搭配(动词短语,名词短语)


3
、重点词的用法及习惯表达、

4
、主要语法规则及其运用等

5
、简单的翻译技巧(省略、补充, 词义选择引申、词性转换、长句拆分、逆序
翻译等)


三、解题指导

1.
通读短文,了解大意。

2.
分析要求翻译的句子的结构、类型、时态

3.
调序、润色。


4.
切不可逐字逐句地翻译

四、翻译技巧指导:
(易错点、难点)

1.
连词的翻译

and

:

和、与


1

Lucy and her mother often go shopping on weekends.

露西和她妈妈经常周末去购物。
(
不可省)


2

Young
people
and
older
people
do
not
always
agree.

They
sometimes
have
different ideas about living, working and playing.














































































3

The sun is bright,and the sky is clear.


太阳是明亮的,和天空是干净的。



(X)

















































































4

He left the company in March last year and went to Harvard as a visiting scholar.











































































5

However ,they worry about their schoolwork and can't fall asleep quickly.












































































6
)他不开心,不知道如何处理这件事。












































































注:解题策略

英语中连词用得多,汉语中连词用得少。英译汉时,有些连词可以省译。

汉译
英,要适当增加连词,成文连贯。如:

Though it isn’t like a tabl
e, I like it very much.

虽然它看起来不像张桌子,但是我很喜欢它。
(成对使用)



虽然那个梦想没有实现,但是现在他成功了





















































































































































注:解题策略

英语中
“though”

“but”/
“because”


“so”
只能用其中之一,但汉语中

虽然
……
但是



因为
……
所以

等句式结构要可以成对使用。


2.
定语从句的翻译

Guilin is a place where there are mountains and rivers.










































































He refused to give up the goal which is very clear.










































































解题策略:
< br>对于较短的定语从句,英译汉时,可译成带



的前置定语
,
可把复合句译成简
单句

He was very thankful to the land where he grew up.










































































I met an old man who asked me to pay attention to health.











































































解题策略:
< br>对于结构复杂且较长的定语从句,
在英译汉时,
可将其后置,
将整个句子结构译
成并列句,并重复先行词。


They should keep away from those jobs which can have bad influence on their lives.










































































(长句拆分





句型的翻译

解题策略:
引导词
it
做形式主语、形式宾语时,本身没有独立意义
,
可以省译。熟 记


it

型:

It

be + adj (for sb) to do sth.










































































It

takes sb

some time) to do sth.










































































I find/think it +adj to do sth.











































































It was difficult to remember all the faces and names.










































































I think it hard for them to understand your joke










































































=










































































It

took the volunteers the whole afternoon to clean up the park.












































































4.
否定转移的翻译

I don’t think he can pass the exam.

我认为他不可能通过这次考试

I don't believe that he can speak to the old so impolitely


我相信他不会对老人那么无礼说话。

解题策略:
当主句部分是
“I don’t think”


“I don’t believe”


“I don’t

suppose”
等结构时,翻译成汉语时,要注意


























我认为我们不该浪费时间











































































我相信他不会抽烟。












































































5
被动语态的翻译

被动语态的句子有时有



有时无



,一定认真分析主动还是被动。

熟记被动语态的各种时态:


一般现在时:






















一般过去时:























一般将来词:























现在完成时:























情态动词的被动语态:






















The blue sky is reflected
(映衬)

in the deep blue lake.



蓝蓝的天空映衬在深蓝色的湖水中

(无





Some of his works are translated into English,French and Japanese.
(有















































































我们学校是
2011
年建的。













































































6.
汉译英存在的主要问题


1
)时态、语态不对。


2
)句子结构不完整:缺主语、缺谓语、动词堆砌


3
)中文式语序:时间、地点等状语按中文习惯放在动词之前


4
)动词直接做主语、表语、宾语


5
)固定短语、固定句型没有掌握好

汉译英:

诊断、改错


1
)他生于
1955
年,在山东的一个小村庄长大。

He born in 1955,

in Shandong a small village grow up.
---->












































































2
)我非常喜欢看电视

I very like watch TV
.
--->











































































(语序,

搭配)


3
)玩太多的电游对你的眼睛有害

Play too much computer games is bad for your eyes.
---->











































































4
)最主要的事情是平衡好学业和兼职工作

The most important thing is balance shoolwork and part-time jobs.
---->












































































5
)每当我参加聚会,我的朋友就鼓励我唱歌。

When I take part in the party, my friends encourage me sing.
---->















































































湖南
2017
中考试题研究·英语

题库

英汉互译型

话题一

介绍类

Passage 1
Let me tell you about my hometown. I live in Kinsale. It may be one
of the smallest towns in Southern Ireland, but it is also the most famous
one.
1. The fish restaurants are very wonderful and there are many good
cooks here. They cook the best fish for the visitors. 2.
食物昂贵但是人
们非常喜欢它。
So you can see many people from different countries in
every restaurant.




My town is very beautiful because it is by the sea. 3. In summer it is
very
cool
and
you
can
go
swimming
in
the
sea.
There
are
three
small
shops
and
you
can
buy
your
friends
many
souvenirs
there.
4.
They
are
very cheap and you just need to pay a little money for them.
The people in my town are friendly. 5.
他们会和你交朋友。
If you
feel sick, there is a clinic (
诊所
)
with a doctor and a nurse. I’m Andy. You
can ask me for help when you have some trouble. I think you will enjoy
the holiday.
1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________
【< br>主旨大意

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“我”的家乡金塞尔的一些情况。

1.
鱼餐厅非常棒并且这里有很多好的厨师。
【解析】
The fish restaurants
鱼餐厅;
and
和,并
且;
there are
为固定句型,表示“有”

cooks
厨师。

2. The food is expensive but people enjoy/like it very much.
【解析】昂贵
expensive
;但是
but

喜欢
enjoy/like


3.
夏天它很凉爽,
你可以在海里游泳。
【解析】
In summer
在夏天;
cool
凉爽的;
go swimming
游泳。

4.
它们非常便宜,
你只需要为它们付 很少的钱。
【解析】
cheap
便宜的,
廉价的;
need
需要;

pay…for…
为……支付……。

5. They can make friends with you.
【解析】交朋友
make friends
,为固定短语。


Passage 2
How
much
does
a
boy
weigh?
I

m
afraid
no
one
could
believe
a
10-year-old boy
can weigh
up to 192kg.
A
10-year- old
Indonesian boy,
Arya Permana is such a boy, who was call
ed “the world’s fattest child”.

Now
he
has
been
on
diet
according
to
the
doctors’

warning,
because
extreme obesity is threatening his life.

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


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