生活用水2020年考研英语二真题和答案

2021年1月23日发(作者：dimension是什么意思)
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2020
年研究生入学考试英语（二）试题



Section
Ⅰ
Use of English


Directions:


Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B],
[C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)


Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be
painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in
Psychological
Science. The
new research reveals that the need to
know
is strong that
people will
2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .


In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the
Wisconsin
school
of
Business
tested
students
’
willingness
to
4
themselves
to
unpleasant
stimuli
in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that
the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an
electric shock when clicked.


Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told
only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which
ones
would shock them clicked more pens
and incurred more shocks than
the students who
knew
that
would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of
fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.


The
drive
to
10
is
deeply
rooted
in
humans,
much
the
same
as
the
basic
drives
for
11
or
shelter,
says
Christopher
Hsee
of
the
University
of
Chicago.
Curiosity
is
often
considered
a
good
instinct
—
it
can
12
new
scientific
advances,
for
instance
—
but
sometimes
such
13
can
backfire.
The
insight
that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.


Unhealthycuriosity
is
possible
to
15
,
however.
In
a
final
experiment,
participants
who
were
encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17
to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one
’
s
curiosity
ahead
of
time
can
help
determine
19
it
is
worth
the
endeavor.
Thinking
about
long-term

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20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,
”
Hsee says. In other words,
don
’
t read online comments.


t s e





d





e t


r upt





ue ear


as than less of to


ee e er


ge ing


with on to from


y awal tence nce


-deceptive -reliant -evident -destructive


e


l ok t


er e d


e


r

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tions ments uences gies


Section IIReading Comprehension
Part A


Directions:


Read
the
following
four
texts.
Answer
the
questions
below
each
text
by
choosing
[A],[B],
[C]
or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)


Text 1


It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to
give his students a better future.


Mr. Koziatek is
part
of
something pioneering.
He is
a teacher
at a
New Hampshire high
school
where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical.
When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of
the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?


As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained
by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded
chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.


But
he
’
s
also
found
a
kind
of
insidious
prejudice.
Working
with
your
hands
is
seen
as
almost
a
mark
of
inferiority.
School
in
the
family
of
vocational
education
“
have
that
stereotype...that
it
’
s for kids who can
’
t make it academically,
”
he says.


On
one
hand,that
viewpoint
is
a
logical
product
of
America
’
s
cturing
is
not
the economic engine that it once job security that the US economy once offered to high
school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new want more for
our kids,and rightfully so.


But
the
headlong
push
into
bachelor
’
s
degrees
for
all
—
and
the
subtle
devaluing
of
anything
less
—
misses an important point:That
’
s not the only thing the American economy ,a

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bachelor
’
s degree opens n now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are
middle- skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill only 44 percent of
workers are adequately trained.


In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political
head,frustrated
that
the
opportunity
that
once
defined
America
is
vanishing,one
obvious
solution
is staring us in the is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those
jobs most aren
’
t equipped to do ek
’
s Manchester School of Technology High School
is trying to fill that gap.


Koziatek
’
s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks
overlooking a nation
’
s diversity of gifts.


21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students
’
lack of.


ic training


cal ability


ring spirit


ical memorization


exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.


a stereotyped mind


no career motivation


financially disadvantaged


not academically successful


can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.


to have more job opportunities


to have big financial concerns

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entitled to more educational privileges


reluctant to work in manufacturing


headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.


create a lot of middle-skill jobs


narrow the gap in working- class jobs


tes the overvaluing of higher education


expected to yield a better-trained workforce


author
’
s attitude toward Koziatek
’
s school can be described as.


nt


us


tive


ointed
Text 2


While
fossil
fuels
—
coal
，oil
，
gas
—
still
generate
roughly
85
percent
of
the
world
’
s
energy
supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and
move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world
：
They now account for more
than half of new power sources going on line.


Some
growth
stems
from
a
commitment
by
governments
and
farsighted
businesses
to
fund
cleaner
energy
sources.
But
increasingly
the
story
is
about
the
plummetingprices
of
renewables
，
especially
wind and cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines
by close to one- third in the past eight years.


In
many
parts
of
the
world
renewable
energy
is
already
a
principal
energy

Scotland
，
for
example
，
wind
turbines
provide
enough
electricity
to
power
95
percent
of

the
rest

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of
the
world
takes
the
lead
，
notably
China
and
Europe
，
the
United
States
is
also
seeing
a
remarkable
March
，
for the first time
，
wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of
the power generated in the US
，
reported the US Energy Information Administration.


President Trump has underlined fossil fuels
—
especially coal
—
as the path to economic
a recent speech in Iowa
，
he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy
that
message did not
play
well
with
many in Iowa
，
where
wind
turbines
dot
the fields and provide
36
percent
of
the
state
’
s
electricity
generation
—
and
where
tech
giants
like
Microsoft
are
being
attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.


The
question
“
what
happens
when
the
wind
doesn
’
t
blow
or
the
sun
doesn
’
t
shine?
”
has
provided
a quick put-down for a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their
ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.


The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers
，
who are placing big bets on
battery-powered electric gh electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this
massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.


While
there
’
s
a
long
way
to
go
，
the
trend
lines
for
renewables
are

pace
of
change
in energy sources appears to be speeding up
—
perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect
in slowing climate Washington does
—
or doesn
’
t do
—
to promote alternative energy
may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.


word
“
plummeting
”
(Line 3
，
Para.2)is closest in meaning to.


izing


ng


g





ing to Paragraph 3
，
the use of renewable energy in America.


progressing notably

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as extensive as in Europe


many challenges


proved to be impractical


can be learned that in Iowa, .


is a widely used energy source


energy has replaced fossil fuels


giants are investing in clean energy


is a shortage of clean energy supply


ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?


application has boosted battery storage.


is commonly used in car manufacturing.


continuous supply is becoming a reality.


sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.


can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.


bring the US closer to other countries


accelerate global environmental change


not really encouraged by the US government


not competitive enough with regard to its cost
Text 3


The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing
—
Amazon has just
announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$$13.5bn
，
but two years ago

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Facebook
paid
even
more
than
that
to
acquire
the
WhatsApp
messaging
service
，
which
doesn
’
t
have
any
physical
product
at
all.
What
WhatsApp
offered
Facebook
was
an
intricate
and
finely
detailed
web of its users
’
friendships and social lives.


Facebook
promised
the
European
commission
then
that
it
would
not
link
phone
numbers
to
Facebook
identities
，
but
it
broke
the
promise
almost
as
soon
as
the
deal
went

without
knowing
what was in the messages
，
the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing
and
still
could

political
journalist
，
what
party
whip
，
would
not
want
to
know
the
makeup
of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May
’
s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the
value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which
customers have purchased what.


Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of it is
clumsy.
For
one
thing,
it
is
very
slow
compared
to
the
pace
of
change
within
the
digital
economy.
By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,
to be replaced
by
new
abuses of there
is a
deeper
conceptual
problem, too. Competition
law
as
presently
interpreted
deals
with
financial
disadvantage
to
consumers
and
this
is
not
obvious
when the users of these services don
’
t pay for users of their services are not their
would be the people who buy advertising from them
—
and Facebook and Google
，
the
two virtual giants
，
dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and
entertainment companies.


The product they
’
re selling is data
，
and we
，
the users
，
convert our lives to data for the
benefit
of
the
digital
giants.
Just
as
some
ants
farm
the
bugs
called
aphidsfor
the
honeydew
they
produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives keep
predatory
insects
away
from
where
their
aphids
feed;
Gmail
keeps
the
spammers
out
of
our

doesn
’
t feel like a human or democratic relationship
，
even if both sides benefit.


31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.


l products


information

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al assets


y service


g phone numbers to Facebook identities may.


political disputes


up customer records


a risk to Facebook users


d the European commission


ing to the author,competition law.


serve the new market powers


worsen the economic imbalance


not provide just one legal solution


keep pace with the changing market


ition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.


are not defined as customers


are not financially reliable


services are generally digital


services are paid for by advertisers


ants analogy is used to illustrate.


A.a win-win business model between digital giants


B.a typical competition pattern among digital giants


benefits provided for digital giants
’
customers