麻风树考研英语二真题和答案13页

2021年1月23日发(作者：minus)
Directions:


Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C
and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on
June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization
in 41 years.

The
heightened
alert
_____2_____an
emergency
meeting
with
flu
experts
in
Geneva
that
convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile
and elsewhere.
But
the
epidemic
is

in
severity,
according
to
Margaret
Chan,
the
organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing
only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.


The
outbreak
came
to
global_____7_____in
late
April
2009,
when
Mexican
authorities
noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As
much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York
City, the southwestern United States and around the world.



In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in
late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state
and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not
seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than
600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal
health
officials_____14_____Tamiflu
for
children
from
the
national
stockpile
and
began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which
is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three
million
doses
were
to
be
made
available
in
early
October
2009,
though
most
of
those
_____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant
women,
people
over
50
or
those
with
breathing
difficulties,
heart
disease
or
several
other
_____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care
workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.
1 [A] criticized


[B] appointed


[C]commented

[D] designated
第
1
页

2 [A] proceeded
3 [A] digits


4 [A] moderate



[B] activated

[B] numbers


[B] normal




[C] followed

[C] amounts

[C] unusual



















[D] prompted

[D] sums
[D] extreme
[D] by
[D] favor
[D] notice
[D] to

[D] cover up
[D] until
[D]magnificent

[D] samples
[D] infected
[D] remained
[D] giving
[D] applicable
[D] initial
[D] introduced
[D] sufferings
[D] warding off

5 [A] with










[B] in















[C] from

6 [A] progress
7 [A] reality


8. [A]over






[B] absence



[C] presence


[C] concept


[C] among


[C] fill up



[C] unless


[B] phenomenon


[B] for
















9 [A] stay up

10 [A] as

[B] crop up



[B] if




11 [A] excessive


12 [A]categories


13 [A] imparted


14 [A] released


[B] enormous

[B] examples

[B] immerse


[B] relayed


[C] significant

[C] patterns

[C] injected

[C] relieved

[C] taking
[C] reliable


15 [A] placing







[B] delivering

16 [A] feasible
17 [A] prevalent


[B] available

[B] principal

[B] restricted

[B] issues


[C] innovative
18 [A] presented


19 [A] problems


20 [A] involved in

[C] recommended

[C] agonies


[B] caring for

[C] concerned with
Section
Ⅱ
Reading comprehension


Part A


Directions:


Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,
B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)


Text1


The longest bull run in a century of art- market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of
56
works
by
Damien
Hirst,
“Beautiful
Inside
My
Head
Forever”
，
at
Sotheby’s
in
London
on
September 15th 2019. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than
￡
70m, a record for a sale by a
single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest
banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.

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2
页


The
world
art
market
had
already
been
losing
momentum
for
a
while
after
rising
bewilderingly
since
2019.
At
its
peak
in
2019
it
was
worth
some
$$65
billion,
reckons
Clare
McAndrew,
founder
of
Arts
Economics,
a
research
firm
—
double
the
figure
five
years
earlier.
Since then it may have come down to $$50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its
size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a
way matched by few other industries.



In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply
unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of
thousands
of
jobs
and
the
financial
demise
of
many
art- buying
investors.
In
the
art
world
that
meant
collectors
stayed
away
from
galleries
and
salerooms.
Sales
of
contemporary
art
fell
by
two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector
—
for Chinese contemporary art
—
they were down by
nearly 90% in the year to November 2019. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses,
Sotheby’s
and
Christie’s,
had
to
pay
out
nearly
$$200m
in
guarantees
to
clients
who
had
place
d
works for sale with them.



The
current
downturn
in
the
art
market
is
the
worst
since
the
Japanese
stopped
buying
Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market
since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their
peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant
. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief
executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom
.
”



What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is
that there are still
buyers
in the
market,
whereas
in
the
early
1990s,
when
interest
rates
were
high,
there
was
no
demand
even
though
many
collectors
wanted
to
sell.
Christie’s
revenues
in
the
first
half
of
2009
were
still
higher than in the first half of 2019. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report
said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.
The three Ds
—
death, debt and divorce
—
still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who
does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.


the first paragraph, Damien
Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”
because ____.


A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victories


B. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids


C.
Beautiful Inside My Head Forever
won over all masterpieces
第
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页



D. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis



saying
“spending
of
any
sort
became
deeply
unfashionable”(Line
1
-2,Para.3)
，
the
author suggests that_____.



A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions


B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries


C. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent
D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying


23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?


A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2019 to 2019.


B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.


C. The market generally went downward in various ways.


D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.


24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____


A. auction houses ' favorites


B. contemporary trends


C. factors promoting artwork circulation


D. styles representing impressionists


25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___


A. Fluctuation of Art Prices


B. Up-to-date Art Auctions


C. Art Market in Decline


D. Shifted Interest in Arts


Text2


I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room
—
a women's group that
had invited men to join
them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly
talkative,
frequently
offering
ideas
and
anecdotes,
while
his
wife
sat
silently
beside
him
on
the
couch.
Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands
don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said,


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the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence.


This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women
in
public
situations,
they
often
talk
less
at
home.
And
this
pattern
is
wreaking
havoc
with
marriage.



The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist
Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book

that most of the women she
interviewed
—
but
only
a
few
of
the
men
—
gave
lack
of
communication
as
the
reason
for
their
divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent
，
that amounts to millions of cases in
the United States every year
—
a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.


In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on
tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his
or
doing
far
more
than
their
share
of
daily
life-support
work
like
cleaning,
cooking,
social
arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication:
doesn't talk to me.
to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their
wives.



In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a
man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman
glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.



26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?


A. Talking to them.



B. Trusting them.


C. Supporting their careers.


D. Sharing housework.


27.
Judging
from
the
context,
the
phrase
“wreaking
havoc”(Line
3,Para.2)most
probably
means ___ .


A. generating motivation.


B. exerting influence


C. causing damage


D. creating pressure
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28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______


A. men tend to talk more in public than women


B. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation


C. women attach much importance to communication between couples


D. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse


29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?


A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.


B. Marriage break- up stems from sex inequalities.


C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.



D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.



30.
In
the
following
part
immediately
after
this
text,
the
author
will
most
probably
focus

on ______


A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk


B. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon


C. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.


D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker


Text 3


Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors
—
habits
—
among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when
customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response
to a carefully designed set of daily cues.


“There are fundamental public health problems, like
dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that
remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said.
“We
wanted
to
learn
fro
m
private
industry
how
to
create
new
behaviors
that
happen
automatically.
”



The
companies
that
Dr.
Curtis
turned
to
—

Procter
&
Gamble,
Colgate-Palmolive
and
Unilever
—

had
invested
hundreds
of
millions
of
dollars
finding
the
subtle
cues
in
consumers’
lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day —
chewing
gums,
skin
moisturizers,
disinfecting
wipes,
air
fresheners,
water
purifiers,
health
snacks,
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