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引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:
that, whether ,if
(不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:
what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
连接副词:
when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1.
介词后的连词
2.
引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
例如:
That she was chosen made us very happy.?
她被选上了,我们很高兴。
We heard the news that our team had won.
我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
比较:
whether
与
if
均为
是否
的意思。
但在下列
情况下,
whether
不能被
if
取代:
1.
whether
引导主语从句并在句首
2.
引导表语从句
3. whether
从句作介词宾语
4.
从句后有
关系代词
有:
who, whom, whose, that, which
等。
关系副词
有:
when, where, why
等。
关系
代词
引导的
定语从句
< br>关系代词所代替的
先行词
是人或物的名词或代词,并
在句中充当主语、宾语、< br>定语
等成分。关系代词在定
语
从句
中作主语时,从句
谓语动词
的人称和数要和先
行词保持一致。
1
)
who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所
起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(
who/that
在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(
whom/that
在从句中作
宾语)
2) Whose
用来指人或物,
(
只用作定语
,
若指物,它
还可以同
of which
互换)
,
例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had
broken down.
那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover
is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3
)
which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中
可作主语、宾语等,
A prosperity which / that had never been seen
before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(
which
/
that
在句中
作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is
about
to
come
unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。
(which
/ that
在句中作宾语
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名
词,在从句中作
状语
。
1
)
when, where, why
关系副词
when, where, why
的含义相当于
介词
+
which
结构,因此常常和
介词
+ which
结构
交替使
用
,例如:
There
are
occasions
when
(on
which)
one
must
yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing
is
the
place
where
(in
which)
I
was
born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is
this
the
reason
why
(for
which)
he
refused
our
offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
用关系代词,还是关系 副词完全取决于从句中的谓
语动词。
及物动词
后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代
词;而
不及物动词
则要求用关系副词。例如:
This
is
the
mountain
village
where
I
stayed
last
year.
I'll
never
forget
the
days
when
I
worked
together
with you.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不
同的颜色表示出。)
(
错
)
This
is
the
mountain
village
where
I
visited last year.
(错)
I
will
never
forget
the
days
when
I
spent
in the countryside.
(对)
This is the mountain village (which) I
visited last year.
(对)
I'll
never
forget
the
days
(which)
I
spent
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