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1)
先后次序关系:
at this time; first; second; at last;
next
;
previously; simultaneously
同时地
; eventually
;
last but
not least
;
to begin with
;
to start with
;
to end with
;
finall
y
;
seeing...
由于,因为;
since then
;
first of all
;
afterwards
后来
; following this; preceding
先前的
originally
最初的
ultima< br>te
最终的,极限的,根本的
2)
因果关系:
because
;
because of this
;
being that
(口
语)既然,因为;
another important factor
/
reason of...
;
s
ince
;
as
;
for
;
in that...
;
owing to
由于,通常负面;
due
to
由于;
for the reason that...
;
in view of
鉴于,考虑到
res
ult from
归因于
the reason seems to be obvious; there are ab
out...
;
for this reason; as a result of this
;
therefore
;
...an
Document number
:
NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT- UU986-1986UT
d so...
;
consequently
所以,因此;
as a result
;
thus
这样,
如此,因而;
hence
因此;
so
;
so that...
;
in consequence
结果,结果;
as a consequence
;
accordingly
因此,于是,
相应地
; inevitably
不可避免地
; under theseconditions thereup
on
因此于是
upon
迫近
3)
转折关系:
but
;
even so
;
howeve
r
;
though
;
even though
;
independent of
;
reckless of
不顾
;
despite that
;
in spite of that
;
regardless of
不顾
; ye
t...
;
and yet
;
but unless. Nonetheless
尽管如此
4)
并列关系:
and; also
;
too
;
as well as
;
either ...
,
o
r...
;
both...and...
5) (
补充
)
递进关系:
furthermore
此外,而且;
moreover
而且,此外;
further
进一步地,此外;
In this way
;
still
;
n
ot only...but also...
;
not...but...
;
in addition (to)
;
addition
ally, much more interesting, more specifically
更具体地说
, ne
xt, besides
;
as far as... is concerned
至于
; moreover
此外;
i
n other words
;
along this line of consideration
;
on (the) on
e hand...
在一方面,
on the other hand...
;
even
;
as a sayin
g goes...
;
in order to do it...; meanwhile
同时;
at the same
time
;
accordingly
因此;
In the first place...
,
in the second
place...;equally important; of even greater appeal.
6)
比较关系:
similarly; in like manner, in comparison wit
h
;
when compared with
;
compared with
;
when in fact...; li
ke...
;
likewise
同样地,也;
similarly important
;
apart fro
m (doing)...
;
... rather than...
,
by doing so
;
both…and...;
in the same way; not only...but (also).
7)
对照
(
不同点
)
:
yet; still; for all of that; notwithstandin
g
虽然,尽管
; rather
当然,的确,宁愿,相当
; neither ... nor;
although; though; but; however; something is just the othe
r way around
;
yet; conversely
相反的;
unlike
;
opposed to;
as opposed to this
与不同
;
in contrast (to)
;
by way of
;
o
n the contrary
;
different from this
;
nevertheless
然而,不
过,虽然如此
; contrary to
;
whereas
但是,鉴于;
while
;
b
ut on the other hand
8)
举例关系
:for example
;
for instance
例如;
in this cas
e
既然假若这样
; namely
也就是
instance
例子实例换句话说;
as you know
;
you may as
/
say
;
as he explains
;
like
;
s
uch as
;
a case in point is
一个恰当的例子是
...; consider...
;
in particular
尤其特别;
including...
;
for one thing...
首先,
fo
r another...
;
put it simply
;
stated roughly
粗糙地,概略地;
as an illustration
,
I will say...
;
a good example (of...)woul
d be...
;
to detail this
,
I would like to...
;
It is interesting to
note that...
;
in this situation; as proof; take the case of; tak
e as example (something)
;
as for; as regards
;
as to
;
acc
ording to; on this occasion.
9)
强调关系:
in fact; esp ecially
;
particularly
特别,尤
其;
more over(
此外
)
;
naturally; what is more important
;
in
reality
事实上;
certainly; of course; indeed; in particular
;
n
ot to mention...
;
believe it or not
;
undeniably(
无可置疑
); ot
her thing being equal
;
it is certain
/
sure that...
;
to be strict;
to be true
;
by definition; definitely
明确地,肯定地
; undoub
tedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(
不论怎样
); wit
hout reservation(
毫无保留地
); obviously, not only.. but(als
o...), both... and...
10)
条件关系
: if
;
unless; lest
;
provided that
;
if it is the
case
;
in this sense
;
once...
;
if possible
;
if necessary
;
if s
o
;
if not all; if anything.
11)
归纳总结类:
in a word / in sum / in short in brief / i
n conclusion / in summarytherefore
因此,所以
/ hence
因
此,今后
to sum up / to concludethe conclusion can be draw
n thatfor this reason / on the whole
12)
地点关系:
beyond; opposite to; adjacent
邻近
to; at t
he same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front o
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