2021年1月23日发(作者：南瓜的英文)
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人教版九年级英语第十三单元知识点总结


’
re trying to save the manatees!
一．单词

litter
bottom
fisherman
coal
ugly
advantage
cost
wooden
plastic
takeaway
bin
shark
fin
cruel
harmful be harmful to

at the top of chain the food chain ecosystem industry law scientific take
part in afford turn off reusable pay for take action transportation recycle napkin throw away put
sth to good use pull...down upside gate bottle president inspiration iron work metal bring back
creativity
二．
1.
现在进行时

定义：表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。

结构
:
①

肯定句
:
主语

+ am/is/are + V-ing

②

否定句
:
主语

+ am/is/are + not + V-ing

③

疑问句
: Am/Is/Are +
主语

+ V-ing

用法：
1
）表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发生的动作。

①

Look! The big bird is flying away.
②

He is watching a movie now.

2
）表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但说话时可能没有进行的动作。

Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning.
我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。

1) 2)
常带有表示目前时刻的时间副词
,
如：
now, right now, at the (very) moment, for the time
being, at present, these days
及
Look! Listen! ...
3
）与
always, constantly, forever, all the time
等副词连用，表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常
含有说话者的强烈情感在内。 表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意


①

You are always changing your mind.
你总是主意不定。
(
太烦人了
)

②

He is always helping others.
他总是帮助别人。
(
他真是个好人
)

4
）对于
come, go, leave, arrive, start,fly,drive
等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。

①

He is leaving on Wednesday.


②

Mary isn
’
t here at the moment. She is coming later.
2. used to do
见第四单元及
use
用法

3.

被动语态

见第五单元

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注意：接双宾语的词的被动语态；
make /let /have sb do
的被动语态；
see/ hear /notice /find
/observe sb do
的被动语态；
It
’
s said/reported/believed/supposed/well-known
；及无被 动语态
的三种情况（感官动词、不及物动词、
sell/write
等）

4.

现在完成时
:

用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果

Yesterday I finished my homework, that
’
s to say, I have finished my homework now.
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续

I have lived here since 1990.
现在完成时的构成

have/has+
过去分词

现在完成时的四个基本句型

肯定句




He has finished the work.








一般疑问句




Has he finished the work?
否定句




He has not finished the work.



两回答




Yes ,he has.

No, he hasn
’
t.
特殊疑问句




What has he done?






在下列情形下用现在完成时

1
九词语

①
already
已经

肯定句中或句尾

I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.
②
yet
已经

否定句和疑问句句尾

I have not finished the work yet.
Have you bought a computer yet?
③
ever
曾经


句中

Have you ever seen pandas?
④
never
从不


句中

I have never been to Beijing.
⑤
just
刚刚


句中



I have just done my work.
⑥
before
以前

句尾


I have never been there before.
⑦
so far
到目前为止


So far he has learned 200 words.
⑧
how long
多久

How long have you lived here?
⑨
how many times
多少次

How many times has he been to Beijing?
2
两词组

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havegone to
去了某地



例：
He has gone to Beijing


(
去了北京，没回
)
havebeen to
去过某地



例：
He has been to Beijing.


(
去过北京，回了
)
3
两结构

for two months
since last year
since 3 years ago
since 1990
since he came here
since +
过去时态句子

He
has
been
in
China
since
he
came
here.

4
如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。

Have you lost your library book?
你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？

5
现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型

They have planted many trees
in the last/past few years.


This is the best book
I have ever read.


It is the first time
I have played the computer games.

在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用

例：
He has bought the book for 3 years.
（错）

因
buy
这个一次性动词不能和一段时间
for 3 years
连用
,
改正的办法有：

He has bought the book..













(
去掉一段时间
for 3 years)
He bought the book 3 years ago








(
改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变
)

for +
一段时间

since +
过去时间点

Jim has lived here for 2 months.
Lucy
has
been
in
Beijing
since
3
years
ago.
It
’
s/It has been 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.

















（改为固定句型

It is/It has been ---since---
）

He has had the book for 3 years.







（用延续性动词
have
代替
buy
）

另外

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①
come/arrive/get to/reach
→

be here
I have come here for 3 years.
（错）






改为：
I have been here for 3 years.
②
leave/go
→
be away
He has left for 3 hours.
（错）











改为：
He has been away for 3 hours.
③
begin/start
→
be on

The film has begun for 3 minutes.
（错）










改为：
The film has been on for 3 minutes.
④
open
→
be open / close
→

be closed
The shop has opened for 3 years.(
错
)







改为：
The shop has been open for 3 years.
⑤
die
→
be dead
His father has died for 3 years.(
错
)











改为：
His father has been dead for 3 years.
⑥
finish/end
→

be over
He has finished the work for 3 days.(
错
)










改为：
The work has been over for 3 days
⑦
join


I have joined the army for 3 years.
（错）

改为：
I have been in the army for 3 years.
或
I have been a soldier for 3 years.
⑧
buy /catch
→

have
I have bought the bike for 3 years.
（错）









改为：
I have had the bike for 3 years.
He has caught a cold for 3 days.
（错）











改为：
He has had a cold for 3 days.
⑨
borrow
→

keep
I have borrowed the book for 3 years.
（错）





改为：
I have kept the book for 3 years.
还有其它的归纳如下：

break
→

be
broken




get
up
→

be
up


marry
→

be
married

















become
→

be
























lose
→

be lost
5.
情态动词

1) < br>情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作谓语，只
能与其他动 词构成谓语。常见的有：
can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will
(would)
等。

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2)
情态动词无人称和数的变化
,
后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加
n ot
。个别情态
动词有过去式形式
,
也可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。


和
could
的用法

(1)can/could
表示
“能力；
许可；
可能性”
等。
could
为

can
的过去式。
如：
Can I use your bike?
(2)can
用在疑问句中，表示征求意见、请求许可，答语仍用

can;
could
用在疑问句中，比
can
更委婉、客气，是一种礼貌的说法，并不表示过去时态，答 语用
can
，而不能用
could
。

如：—
Could you tell me the way to the zoo?
—
Sorry. I can't. I'm new here
。

[
注意
] can
和
could
只能用于现在时和过去时两种时态，
将来时中用

be able to
。
另外，

can't
可表示否定推测。如：
That ______ be Mr Wang. He has gone to Beijing
。


和
might
的用法

may/might
意为 “可以”，表示同意、许可或请求对方许可，也可表示祝愿。
may
的否定形
式为
may
not
。
might
是
may
的过去式，有两种用法：一种表示过去式；一种表示虚拟语
气，使语气更加委婉、客气，或表示可能性更 小。以
may
开头的一般疑问句，其否定回答
用
mustn't,
而不用

may not
。如：
______ I use your pen?
我可以用你用的钢笔吗？

You may put on more clothes. May you be happy!
Might I borrow some money now?He might be alive.


的用法

must
意为“必须，一定，准是”，表示说话人认为有 必要做某事，或命令、要求别人做某
事以及对事物的推测。否定形式
mustn't,
表示“不得”，“一定不要”。如：

I ______ finish my work today
。
You mustn't drive after drinking
。

(1)must
与

have to
的区别：

must
表示说话人的主观意愿；
have to
表示客观需要。如：

I must do my homework first
。
It is raining hard outside; I _____ stay at home
。

(2)
回答由
must
引导的疑问句的提问

①肯定回答：
Yes,
…
must.

如：

—
Must I go home now?
—
Yes, you must.
②否定回答：
No
，…
needn't./No
，…
don't/doesn't have to.



—
Must I go home now?
—
No, you __ ____.



(3)must
表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句中；表“推测”时， 情态
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动词与动词原形，
(
常 为
be
动词
)
连用，如：
The man must be our teacher
。


的用法

(1)need
表 示
“需要，
必须”
，
主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
其否定形式为needn't
，
表示
“没
有必要，不必”；对由
need构成的疑问句进行回答时，其肯定回答用
must
，否定回答用

needn't
。如

—
Need we do some cleaning now?
—
Yes, you must.
—
No, you needn't.

(2)need
还可作实义动词，常用于下列结构：

①
need to do sth
“需要做某事”。如
I need to learn more.

②
need doing
“某物需要被做”
=need to be done
。

如：
My hair needs cutting. =My hair needs to be cut.
③
need +
名词或代词。如：
All living things need water.


和
should
的用法

shall
用于第一人称的句子中，表示提建议或请求；

should
用于各种人称的句子中，强调义
务或责任，意为“应该”。

如：
______ we go out for a walk?
You should study hard at school
。

should have done
主要有两个用法：

用于推测过去已经发生的情况。如：
He should have arrived by now.
用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如：
You should have told me so before.


和
would
的用法

will
用于第二人称疑问句时，表示征求意见或提建议；

would
为

will
的过去式，可用于多
种人称，表示意愿。如：
Will you have a little soup?
would have done
主要有两个用法：

表“猜测过去”

I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.
表“过去本会发生，而实际并未发生”，没有责备之意。

I would have written before but I have been ill.
本来我是会写信的，但是由于我生病了。

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（用来说明某一情况，没有责备之意）

to
have to
的陈述句形式

肯定式：
have to +
动词原形
I have to tidy my room.
我得整理房间
.
否定式：
don't (doesn't) + have to +
动词原形
You don't have to go if you don't want to.
have to
的一般疑问句形式及简略答语

have to
的一般疑问形式必须借助助动词

do
或

does
：

Do you have to look after your sister? Yes,I do./ No,I don't.
have to
的特殊疑问句形式
What do you have to do on Sundays?
have to
可用于各种时态

A
、一般现在时：
I have to visit Mr Wang.

B
、一般过去时：
That night we had to walk home because there was no bus.
C
、一般将来时：
We'll have to ask Zhang Ming instead.
D
、与
may
连用：
I think he may have to help his Dad in the garden.
to
ought to
的肯定式

应当
,
应该

You don't look well. You ought to go to see the doctor.
ought to
的否定式和疑问式

ought to
的否定形式是
ought
后直接加
not
构成，其否定形式可缩 写为
oughtn't
。

One ought not (oughtn't) to cross the street against the red light.
ought to
的疑问式是将
ought
提到句首构成。

—
Ought we to do it at once?
—
Yes, you ought to.
He ought to be here now, shouldn't (oughtn't) he?
“
ought to + have + done
”表示过去应做某事而实际未做

You ought to have told me that (but you didn't).
这时
ought to
和
should
可以互换使用。

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