2021年1月23日发(作者：赵振经)
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第三讲名词性从句

名词性从句即从句在句中起着名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、 表语或同位语，对应的
从句称之为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、引导名词性从句的词有

：



1.
连接词
:that, whether ,if, as if/as though
2.
连接代词
: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever
3.
连接副词
: when, where, why, how
注意点：

1.

连接词
that,
在句中没意义 ，
不充当成分
,
只起引导从句的作用。
whether
，
i f
：
有意义
(
译
为“是否”
)
，但在从句中不担任 成分。

2.

连接代词
who,
whom,
whose,
what,
which,
whoever,
whomever,
whatever,
whichever
how< br>，
where
，
when
，有意义，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或 定语成分。

3.

连接副词
when, where, why, how
，在从句中充当状语成分。

4.

选择连词时，要先分析从 句，看看句子是否缺成分，缺少什么成分，再根据上述连
词的特点作出选择。

5.

名词性从句用陈述句语序，不用疑问句语序。

二、名词性从句的用法

1.

that
that
引导动词后的宾语从句时，可省略。

在下列情况下
that
不可省略

(1)

引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，
that
一般不可省略

(2)

当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that
不
可省略。

(3)

在可以接复合宾语的动词，
find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess
之后，由
it
作形式宾语，
th at
引导真正的宾语，
that
不可省略。

(4)

宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主从复合句。

(5)

作
learn, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean, state
等的宾语时，
往往不省略。


如：

That you don
’
t like him
is none of my business.
That he will come to the conference
has excited every one of us.
当主句比较长，可用
it
作形式主语，
that
引导从句作真正的主语，常见的句型有：

It + be+
名词
/
名词词组
+ that
从句

It is a pity/a shame/a fact/an honor/no wonder/good news that-clause
It is a pity that you didn
’
t attend the lecture yesterday.
It is no wonder that you
’
ve achieved so much success.
It + be+
形容词
+ that
从句

It is important/vi tal/significant/necessary/essential/natural/obviou s/possible/likely
that-clause
It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.
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It is probable that he told her everything.
It + be+
过去分词
+ that
从句

It is said/kn own//acknowledged/reported/thought/believed//annou nced/
decided/suggested that-clause
It is announced that the hostages have been released.
It is commonly believed/recognized that it is that too much money has been invested in real
estate that has caused the crisis in Wall Street.
It is universally acknowledged that the promising is far from being satisfactory.
It +
不及物动词
+ that
从句

It seems (ed)/appear/happen/occur/matter/turn out that-clause
It seems to me that you object to the plan
It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
My decision is
that all of us are to start at 5 o
’
clock tomorrow morning.
The reason
why he failed is
that he was too careless.
There
is
no
doubt

that
2015
will
bring
more
change
when
the
world
economy
is
still
unclear.
The fact
has worried many scientists
that
the
earth
is
becoming warmer
and warmer
these days.
He said
(that)
he was late for school again
and that
the teacher would punish him.
Everyone
in
the
real
world
will
agree

that
once
a
project
is
behind
deadline
,
quality
assurance tends to go out of the window.
I’m
surprised
that what he said
was all wrong.
2
．
whether/if




I wonder
if/whether
you can lend me your ipad.
I
’
m not sure
whether/if
I can hold a party in the open air because it depends on weather

I doubt
if/whether
he is willing to subscribe to that kind of magazine.

It hasn
’
t been decided yet
whether /if
we shall hold a meeting
I don
’
t know
whether
or not

he arrives.


I can
’
t decide
whether to stay.

It depends
on

whether
it is fine tomorrow if we want to go camping.
We
discussed
whether we should use the money to buy a new house

Whether it is true
remains a question.
What
the
doctors
really
doubt
is
whether
my
mother
will
recover
from
the
serious
disease soon.
We are not investigating the question
whether
he is trustworthy.




根据以上句子分析，可总结：


Whether
you
’
re out shopping for gold, or silver, you need to know a few things.



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1.)
动词后的宾语从句
; I
’
m not sure
与
I doubt
后的宾语从句
whether/if
可互换



2.)
当
it
作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用
wheth er
或
if
均可；




只用
whether
不用
if
的情况

1.)

与
or not
直接连用。

2.)

与不定式连用。

3.)

从句作介词或
discuss
的宾语。

4.)

主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

5.)
引导一个让步状语从句，表示
“
不管，无论
”
。



3.
as if/ as though, because /why
引导表语从句

He has heart disease. That is
because
he has been smoking too much.(
表示原因
)
He has been smoking too much. That is
why
he suffers from heart disease.
（表示结果）

When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks
as if it were broken
.
4.
wh-
类与
how
连接词引导的名词性从句

__________
_(Who/Whoever) wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
____________(Whatever/Whichever) team wins on Saturday will go through the national
championships.
She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do ________(whatever/whichever) it takes
to save her life.
The
next
morning
a
notice
was
put
up
on
the
door
of
the
workhouse,
offering
a
reward
to__________(whoever/whomever) would employ Oliver Twist.
He
was
not
conscious
of
_________(what/
how)
an
important
role
he
had
played
in
the
match.
____________
(What
/
That
)
some
people
regard
as a
drawback
is
seen
as
a plus
by
many
others.
Who
made the call is not important.
Do
not
let
any
failures
discourage
you,
for
you
can
never
tell
how

close
you
may
be
to
victory.
How
you treat others shows what kind of person you are.
Nobody can explain the mystery
why
he suddenly disappeared.
Tomorrow is Tom
’
s birthday. Have you got any idea
where
the party is to be held?
5.
同位语从句和定语从句的区别

1.)
从被修饰词上区别：同位语从句前的名词中是
idea
，
fa ct
，
news
，
hope, belief, doubt,
rule, conclusion, possibility, explanation, truth,, information, thought, decision, feeling,
suggestion,
request
等有一定内涵的名词；定语从句前的名词可 以是名词、代词、
主句的一部分或整个主句。

2.)
从性质上区别：
同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，
属于名词性的；
定语从句是对其先行词进 行修饰或限制，属于形容词性的。

3.)
从引导词上区别：某些引导词如
h ow
，
whether
，
what
可以引导同位语从句，但不