2021年1月23日发(作者：戚烈云)
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用心整理

高考总复习：必修一词汇
2
Units 4-5
单词部分：


burst

【点拨】
vi. vt.

使某物爆炸，胀破，爆破
,
破裂


burst in/into a room /building
突然进入房间
/
大楼



burst into sth. = burst out doing
突然
…
起来



He burst into the room without knocking at the door.



他没有敲门就突然进入房间。


The plane crashed and burst into flames.

飞机坠毁起火了。


All of them burst out laughing/crying /singing.


=All of them burst into laughter/tears/songs.



他们全都突然笑起来
/
哭起来
/
唱起来
.
【拓展】
be bursting to do sth
急于要做某事


He was bursting to tell her the news.
他急于要告诉她这条消息。



burst forth
突然出现，突然爆发出，突然喊出


A broad smile burst forth on his face.
他顿时笑容满面。


“Why don’t you behave?” he burst forth. “
你为什么不放规矩一点呢
?”
他大声喊。


burst into
突然闯入；突然
……
起来，后通常接具有动作意义的名词。


When I handed him the gift card
，
saying he could rise it for whatever his family might
need
，
he burst into tears
．
(2015
高考新课标
I)
当我把礼品卡交给他时，说他可以用它买家庭有可能所需要的任何东西，他突然哭了。


The entire hall burst into thunderous cheers.
全场发出了雷鸣般的欢呼。


burst out

大声叫喊；突然
……
起来


“I don’t believe it”, he burst out. “
我不相信
”
，他大声说道。


注：这样用的

burst out
与

burst forth
同义。


She burst out crying (laughing, singing).



ruin
【点拨】
n.


毁灭，崩溃，毁坏；废墟，遗迹


476AD saw the ruin of Roman Empire.
公元四七六年罗马帝国灭亡。



the ruin of his hopes
他的希望的破灭



fall into ruin
破败不堪


We visited the ruins of the temple.
我们参观了那个庙宇的遗迹。

We saw the ruins of the church.

我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。

The building is in ruins.

那建筑物已成断壁残垣。


祸因：


Drink was his father's ruin and it will be the ruin of him too!


酗酒是他父亲毁灭的原因
,
他也将遭同样的厄运
!

Gambling was his ruin.

赌博是他堕落的原因。


vt.
使毁灭，毁坏；使成废墟；使破产

Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.
别让负面思想影响你的积极性。

(2015

福建
高考
)
The flood ruined the crops.
水灾毁坏了庄稼。


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用心整理

She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.


她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。



The hurricane ruined all the houses here.
飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。



I was ruined by that law case.

我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。






vi.
毁灭
,
毁坏；变成废墟；破产；堕落

【拓展】
be the ruin of
成为
...
毁灭
/
堕落的原因



bring sb. to ruin

使某人失败；使倾家荡产



fall/ go/ come to ruin
毁灭
,
灭亡；崩溃
;
破坏掉



fall to ruin
毁灭
,
灭亡；崩溃
;
破坏掉



in ruins
成为废墟



ruin oneself
毁掉自己



shock
【点拨】

n.

冲击，冲撞，震动；震惊，引起震惊的事件，打击；电击；休克，中风


Earthquake shocks are often felt in Japan.
在日本常常感觉到地震引起的震动。


The news of his death was a shock to us.
他去世的消息令我们震惊。


The traffic accident sent him into a state of shock.

那次交通事故使他处于休克状态。


v.
使震动，使震荡，使震惊

(
或愤慨、厌恶等
)
；使电击，使休克；震惊得使
……


They were shocked by her rudeness.

他们对她的无礼感到震惊。


She got shocked when she touched the live wire.
她在触到通电的电线时受到电击。


Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked.


任何人碰到那根电线都会遭到严重的电击。


His deeds shocked her out of making friends with him.

他的行径使她大为震惊
,
不想与他交朋友了。


rescue

【点拨】

n.
援救，解救，营救；
v.

援救，救出，营救

A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation.


有个富有的赞助人慷慨捐赠来解救我们
.

Rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash.

抢救人员冲向飞机坠毁的现场。


Had Jim not dived in to rescue him, the boy would have drowned.


如果不是吉姆跳下水去救，那小孩早就淹死了。


Police rescued the hostages.


警方救出了人质。

The well-drilled crew managed to rescue most of the passengers.


训练有素的机组人员设法营救出了大部分乘客。

He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child.


他从桥上跳入水中去抢救那溺水儿童。





派生词：
rescuable
adj.
可营救的，可救援的；
rescuer


n.

救助者


devote
【点拨】
v.

把
……
献给；把
……
用在，常与介词
to
搭配，构成devote ... to ...
结构，介词
to
之后跟名词或动词
-ing
形式。

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用心整理

Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for
more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs.
（
215

安徽高考）

以这种无私和奉献的行为态度，
这些小小生物在地球 上生存超过一亿四千万年，
远比恐龙的
时间要长。

He devoted his whole life to teaching.

他把毕生精力献给了教学。

For four years he devoted himself to music.

四年来，他全力倾注于音乐。

He devoted himself to helping the poor.

他献身于帮助穷人。

Dr. Wang devoted himself to the cure for cancer.
王医生致力于癌症的治疗。

Doctors and nurses should devote themselves to caring for the sick.

医护人员应该致力于照料病人。

【拓展】

devoted
adj.

忠实的



attack
【点拨】
vt.
攻打，进攻，袭击，打击，突击

to attack the enemy
攻打敌人

They attacked him with their bare hands.

他们赤手空拳地攻击他。

The disease attacked him suddenly.
疾病突然侵袭了他。

(
用语言
)
攻击，抨击，指责；辱骂
,
诋毁

She attacked her opponent's statement.
她抨击对手的声明。

to attack the mayor's reputation
诋毁市长的名誉

vi.
攻击，进攻，攻打，进行袭击；开始敌对行动：

The best way to defend is to attack.

最好的防御就是攻击。

n.
用作名词，表示一般性
“
攻击
”
或
“
袭击
”
时，多为可数名词

(
偶尔用作不可数名词
)；表示
疾病的
“
袭击
”
或
“
发作
”< br>时，通常为可数名词。

They were alarmed by a sudden attack.
突然袭击使他们大为惊恐。

Another village in the area was also under attack.
这个地区的另一个村庄也受到袭击。

He was seized with a slight attack of fever.
他有点轻微的发烧。

Can the town be secured against attack?

能保护这个市镇不受攻击吗？



equal
【点拨】
adj.

相同的、相等的：

They are of equal height.
他们一样高。

The two men are equal in ability.
这两个人能力差不多。

Cut the cake into six equal parts.
把蛋糕分成六等分。


用于
be equal to
，

表示
“
等于、能胜任、能应付
”
等，其中的

to
是介词。

This is equal to saying that he knows her well.
这就等于说他很熟悉她。

He is equal to (the job of) running the office.
他能胜任管理办公室
(
的工作
)
。


有时可用其他连系动词代替

be
。


She didn’t feel equal to receiving visitors.
她感到身体不适，不能会客。


v.
等于、比得上，是及物动词，不要受其形容词用法的影响，在其后加介词

to
。


Six times eight equals forty-eight.


6
乘以
8
等于
48
。


No man equals him in strength.
没有谁的力气比得上他。


但是不说：
No man equals to him in strength.

n.
相等的事物、

(
地位等
)
相同的人，是可数名词。

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用心整理

Let x be the equal of y.
假设

x
等于

y
。

No one could be his equal at telling a story.
在讲故事方面没有比得上他。

The teacher is popular because he treats the students as (his) equals.


这位教师受人欢迎，因为他平等地对待学生。


【拓展】
equal sb./sth. in sth/ v-ing

She equals him in ability.


她在能力方面比得上他。

I can't equal him in strength.

我没有他力气大。

He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.

他和我力气相当但智力不等。



She equals him in mental power but not in physical strength.


她的智力比得上他
,
但是体力就不如他了。



None of us can equal her in beauty.
我们谁也不比她美。


8. judge
【人教新课标必修一

词汇

第二讲
（
unit4-5
）
】
■

【点拨 】
judge
作名词用意为“法官、裁判”
，作动词意为“审判
;
评判
;
断定”
。



If
you
judge
something
or
someone,
you
form
an
opinion
about
them
after
you
have
examined the evidence or thought carefully about them.
如果你对某事或某人做出判断，
你在仔
细检查了证据或者仔 细考虑之后形成了对他们的看法。


It will take a few more years to judge the influence of these ideas.

这些观点的影响需要几年才能得到正确的评判。


It's for other people to judge how much I have improved.


应该由别人来评判我进步有多大。


I judged it to be one of the worst programs ever screened.

我认为这是在屏幕上出现的最差的节目之一。



You
use
judging
by,
judging
from,
or
to
judge
from
to
introduce
the
reasons
why
you
believe or think something.


你可以用“
judging by, judging from, to judge from
”来表示你得出结论的原因。


Judging by the score, he seems to be winning.

从得分来看，他似乎要赢了。


Judging from the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.
根据他一边讲一边笑来看，这应该是挺幽默的事。


9 escape
【人教新课标必修一

词汇

第二讲
（
unit4-5
）
】
■

【点拨】
escape

vi.

逃脱
,
逃跑；漏出
,
泄漏；
vt. & vi.

逃避
,
避开
;
免除；




If you escape from a place, you succeed in getting away from it.


如果你从某个地方“
escape
”
，你就成功地逃脱了它。


A prisoner has escaped from a jail in northern England.

在英格兰北部，一名囚犯成功地从监狱越狱。


As the months went by, the rabbits saw that I was no thread
and didn’t escape.
(2015

四川
高考
)
随着时间流逝，兔子们发现我不是威胁，就不再逃跑了。


Johnny was mistaken for an escaped prisoner.


Johnny
被误认为是一名在逃犯。


You can say that you escape when you survive something such as an accident.

当你从某个事故中幸存时，你可以说你“躲开”


The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury.
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