2021年1月23日发(作者：安太庠)
考试科目：
211
翻译硕士英语


适用专业：

英语口译（
MTI
）、英语笔译（
MTI
）


（试题共
14
页）

（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）

I. Vocabulary and grammar (30’)


Multiple choice
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases
marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the
sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.

1. The forests were very dry because of the dry spell.
A. tree line B. explorers C.
draft D. drought

2. Self-denial is one of their tenets.
A. reasons B. doctrines C.
renters D. figures

3. The Iranians did not see eye to eye with the Americans about
releasing the hostages.
A. view B. scare C.
agree D. quarrel

4. The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use
its scarce resources.
A. puzzling B. difficult C.
terrifying D. urgent

5. The firm of Bonnin and Morris in Philadelphia was probably the
first American company to manufacture porcelain.
A. silverware B.
crystal
C. china D.
linen

6. Children who come from deprived families are frequently poor
readers.
A. without respect B. without experience C. without
funds D. without legs

7. They raised a hue and cry just outside the gate.
A. surrendered B.
built a temporary shelter
C. made a great deal of noise D. flew
the flag

8. Carlo showed us his diagram if the machine.
A. insides B. screws C.
sketch D. masterpiece

9. The beggar solicited passers-by for money.
A. requested B. scowled at C.
bargained with D. chased

10. He took on so much work, he had no time for pleasure.
A. allowed B. increased C.
accomplished D. assumed

11. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of
_________reality
A. what it is conceived B.
that is conceived
C. what is conceived to be D. that
is being conceived of

12. Using many symbols makes _______ to put a large amount of
information on a single map.
A. possible B.
it is possible
C. it possible D.
that possible

13. A vacuum tube is a glass tube from which most of the air has been
removed, _______ an almost complete vacuum.
A. creating B. creates C. is
creating D. it creates

14. Booker T. Washington, acclaimed as a leading educator at the turn
of the century, _____ of a school that later became the Tuskegee
Institute.
A. took charge B. taking charge C. charge was
taken D. taken charge

15. True hibernation takes place only among _______ animals.
A. whose blood is warm B. blood
warm
C. warm-blooded D. they
have warm blood

16. In central Georgia, archaeological evidence indicates that Native
Americans first inhabited the area________.
A. since thirteen centuries B.
thirteen centuries ago
C. the previous thirteen centuries D.
thirteen centuries were before

17. In ________, the advent of the telephone, radio, and television
has made rapid long-distance communication possible.
A. one hundred years later B. one
hundred years ago
C. the one hundred years since D. the
last one hundred years

18. ________, The Yearling, won a Pulitzer Prize.

A. Marjorie Rawlings’ best work was
B. Marjorie
Rawlings’
best work

C. Her best work was Marjorie Rawlings’
D. That Marjorie
Rawlings’ best work


19. Abstraction goes into the making of any work of art, ________ or
not.
A. whether the artist being aware of it B. the
artist is being aware whether
C. whether the artist is aware of it D. the
artist is aware whether

20. Not until 1931 ________ the official anthem of the United States

A. “The Star
-
spangled Banner” did become


B. when “The Star
-spang
led Banner” became


C. did “The Star
-
Spangle Banner” become


D. became “The Star
-
spangled Banner”

II. Reading comprehension (40’)


Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)

Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by
multiple- choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your
answers on your answer sheet.

Passage A
Justice and injustice in criminal adjudication are more than abstract
concept; in modern America each term conjures up its own paradigm
image. Justice occurs in a somber courtroom where a robber reaches a
legal decision. Injustice is a bloodthirsty mob bearing lit torches,
intimidating on the doors of the jail desperate to wreak revenge upon
the suspected wrongdoer held within.
This image of injustice provides many normative insights. One
that courts have frequently drawn is that in criminal adjudication
emotion is unalterably opposed to reason and thus to justice itself.
Taking this principle a step farther, courts have urged that the more
a legal issue might provoke popular rage, the harder courts must work
to insulate the legal decision from emotive influence. The classic
example is capital sentencing, an occasion which evokes strong
emotions. Here the Supreme Court has worked to ensure that “a
ny
decision to impose the death sentence be, and appear to be, based on
reason rather than caprice or emotion”. The Court has, over a period
of years, undertaken an extensive regulatory project aimed at
suppressing emotive influence in capital cases by mandating
rationalistic ruled to guide sentencing. This insistence upon the
injustice of all emotion stems from a misconception of emotion and
its influence upon criminal punishment. Although the mob at jail
scene illustrates that anger can lead to injustice, it does not
support the proposition that all decisions influenced by anger are
morally tainted. Anger can be justified and have moral decision
making is complex; untangling it involved a close examination of
emotion than the law has generally undertaken.
This has obvious significance for criminal law as a form of
social concord. But it is also important or its alleged role as a
restraint on power. Criminal law does little or nothing to restrict
the efforts of the various professionals now responsible for
preventing and reshaping deviant behavior. Rather it is them who have
colonized its territory, as in the welfare of the professional
authority that legitimates them and because they enter into the
enabling role of the state as dispenser of benefits. This is to say
nothing of other forms of market and bureaucratic power and social
control exercised by groups other than government. Under these
conditions the alleged protections of the criminal law seem premised
on a nineteenth century view of the state and society; those
interested in the law in the twentieth century must look to the
potential of administrative law rather than to criminal law. Either
way critical writers would be wasting their time here.
Whilst there is a lot of truth in this picture of the
declining importance of criminal law, it is sensible not to
exaggerate its loss of functions. From a critical point of view it
would seem to retain a crucial ideological significance as being the
form of closet touch with public. It is hard to credit the idea that
these central liberal (bourgeois) notions have been displaced by the
newer disciplines and strategies.

reason for the insulation of emotions in criminal adjudication
is due to_______.
A. the severity of the possible punishment
B. the social concern for the adjudication
C. the Supreme Court decision
D. the ideal of keeping order

2. According to the author’s opinion, the origination of the
insistence upon the injustice of all emotion is __________.
A. that emotion is inevitably against reason and justice
B. the misunderstanding of emotion and its influence
C. the courts’ hard work to prevent the legal decision from emotive
influence
D. that the death sentence was based on reason through suppressing
emotive influence

3. Regards to the role of anger in adjudication, which statement is
INCORRECT?
A. Only part of the decisions is influenced by anger, though it can
bring biases.
B. Though moral decision-making is complex, anger can be justified
C. Some decisions influenced by anger can be morally tainted
D. Because of anger, moral decision- making is quite complicated

4. The declining importance of criminal law is a consequence of
___________.
A. the loss of importance of criminal law and increase of interest in
government as a benefit dispenser
B. the exaggeration of the importance of criminal law and decrease of
interest in government affairs
C. the new trend in legal studies
D. the new ideas pouring out in the administrative law field

5. The review is primarily ___________.
A. dubious B. objective C.
partial D. critical
Passage B
The Eskimos believe that a human being is made up of a body, a soul,
and a name, and it not complete unless it has all three. This belief
has a great effec
t on the Eskimo’s daily life and runs like a golden
thread through the Eskimo culture.
As for the soul of man, the Eskimos do not claim to know
exactly what it is
—
but then, who does? They see it, however, as the
beginning of life, the initiator of all activities within a being,
and the energy without which life cannot continue.

An Eskimo’s name is believed to have a life of its own. It
combines all the good qualities and talents of all the persons who
have been called by it. One may imagine it as a procession of
ancestors stretching into the dim past and surrounding the present
bearer of the name with a sort of magic protective aura.
Many Eskimos believe that a newborn baby cries because it
wants its name and will not be complete until it gets it. Immediately
after a birth the angakok (medicine man) or some wise elders of the
tribe gather to name the child. The name that is selected must be the
name of someone who has died recently. The choice may in some cases
call for much conjuring and soothsaying, and in other cases be self-
evident. When my son was born, everyone realized that it was his
great-grandfather, Mequsaq, who had died a few months before, who had
been reborn in him. The newborn infant had a slight squint in the
very same eye that old Mequsaq had lost to the cannibals in Baffin
Land. This was taken as a sign from the name spirit that the baby
should be called Mequsaq.
When, in 1927, I returned to Thule for a visit, I found that
no fewer than five little girls had been named Navarana after my dear
late wife. So great was the confidence in Navarana’s ability and
character that there was believed to be enough for all five children.
It was thus a beautiful and touching memorial to her, though a
slightly expensive one for me, since I had to give all the little
girls presents.
More often he newborn child was given several names, so as
to have the highest possible protection, and certain names became
great favorites. Calling so many by the same name was often very
confusing. This custom was continued in Christianized Greenland. In
the little settlement of Kook, in the Upernavik district, all five
hunters were called Gaba (after the archangel Gabriel). I was told
that some years before, a great man called Gaba had died, and after
his death several unmistakable signs indicated that his spirit was
still active. To please the spirit, many boy babies were named after
it. In order to distinguish between them they called them “fat Gaba,”
“Little Gaba,” etc.

A Polar Eskimo would never mention himself by name. Doing so
could break the name’s magic protection. And since the ever jealous
spirits are always listening, it could cause great trouble. It seemed
strange to me in the beginning, when I met somebody in the dark of
winter, that I was never able to get any information other than
“Oanga” (it is I). Finally I learned to know them all by their
voices.
The Eskimo people believe also in the magic protective power
of amulets, However, it isn’t the amulet itse
lf that protects from
harm
—
it is the properties that the amulet possesses. It is almost
always the boys and the men who are given amulets, for they are the
ones who expose themselves to all the dangers of nature while the
women stay at home. When a girl is given amulets, it is usually to
insure that she have strong sons. Great care goes into the selection
of amulets. My wife Navarana carried a little ball of polished wood
with her always. Wood cannot feel pain, and possession of it means
great wealth; thus it is thought that a wooden amulet can insure the
owner a rich and painless life.
One of the most popular amulets is the foot of a raven,
which is put on a string around the necks of newborn babies. This is
believed to be a very valuable charm because no bird can get along
under as hard conditions as does the raven. The raven finds food
where other animals starve to death
—
it can live on almost nothing.
At the end of my first walrus hunt at Thule, Ayorsalik, one
of the hunters, decided that raven meat was to be eaten in my honor.
The purpose of the raven feast, he said, was to make sure that the
good luck I had had that morning would continue indefinitely.
Two of the younger men shot three ravens that had been
hovering expectantly near our campfire. Ayorsalik out the pot on to
boil, and the ravens were skinned and cooked.
Their taste was revolting, and later I ate that bird only in
times of great hunger. On this occasion Ayorsalik handed me all three
hearts and livers with his fingers; they went down, but they almost
came up again. I don’t know whether this ritual had any effect. But
later on, whenever I had sizable game, Ayorsalik claimed I would lose
the ravens’ power if I were not to share with him.

Another interesting custom of the Eskimos is their ceremony
of reverence for ancestors. On the rock of Agpat, near Thule, where
the burial ground was, both men and women would sit for hour after
hour in quiet meditation. Dressed in their finest clothing, they
would stare out over the horizon without moving. They believed that
during this stillness they received the wisdom of their ancestors.
It is the nearest thing to religious devotion I have seen among them,
and it is, I think, the most beautiful form of worship I have ever
seen.
To the Eskimo, nature is full of evil spirits ready to work
ill if a sin or breach of taboo is committed. When a tribe is
afflicted with sickness or bad weather or starvation, it is up to the
angakok to find out how the people, knowingly or unknowingly, have
offended the spirits. He can summon his helping spirits, he can
travel to the underworld, under the sea, and through rocks, and thus
find out where the trouble is.
Essentially, angakoks are people who are experienced in the
state of trance. I have often observed even the people serving in our
house at Thule in a state of trance, sometimes for days on end. To
understand the Eskimos, it is necessary to remember the long
depressing winter with its black darkness and its aura of lurking
evil, and the summer with its perpetual sunshine that wearies the
mind and confuses the senses. Every fall we had a veritable epidemic
of evil spirits along with the storms and the darkness of winter
setting in. There was always panic at this time.
The Eskimos know no benevolent god. They believe that the
spirits of the angakoks and the protective spells of names and
amulets are their only defense against a cold and hostile land.
6. If asked “Who is it?” an Eskimo would answer only “It is I,”
because______.
[A] he would not want anyone to know who he was
[B] if he said his own name he would break its spell
[C] he did not know his actual name
[D] Both A and B.

7. There is evidence in the passage that the author’s wife had______.

[A]
won the Eskimos’ approval during several visits

[B] many names
[C] been accepted by the Eskimos only because of their love for her
husband.
[D] been an Eskimo herself