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1970-01-01 08:00
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2021年1月23日发(作者:邢承国)

英语专业八级翻译练习题


1
.英译汉



1



Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood
would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening
one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high.
What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau
certainly
disapproved
of
starvation,
but
he
would
put
into
feeding
himself
only
as
much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.
Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging
difficulties.
Short
of
the
impossible,
as
Yeats
put
it,
the
satisfaction
we
get
from
a
lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in
something like the same terms when he spoke of
mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be
effortless.
We
demand
difficulty
even
in
our
games.
We
demand
it
because
without
difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the
fun
of
it.
The
rules
of
the
game
are
an
arbitrary
imposition
of
difficulty.
When
someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier
to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules,
but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.

梭罗所理解的

低层次

,即为了拥有而去拥有, 或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而
致拥有。他心目中的

高层次

,则是这样一 种积极的人生戒律,即要使自己对自
然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。
对于他从低层次上节省下来 的时间和精力,
他可
将其致力于对高层次的追求。
勿庸置疑,
梭罗不赞成忍饥 挨饿,
但他在膳食方面
所投入的精力仅果腹而已,
只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事 务,
他便别无所
求。

殚精竭虑,
全力以赴,
便是其精髓所 在。
除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全
身心投入的艰难困苦,
否则便不会有幸福可言。
正如叶芝所言,
除却某些不可能
的情形,
我们于人生中所获取的满足皆取决于 我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿
意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特
·
弗罗斯特言及

以苦为乐

时,他内心所思,大体
如此。
商业广告中所宣扬的那种幸 福观,
其致命的缺陷就在于这样一个事实,

它宣称,一切幸福皆唾手可得,不费吹灰 之力。

即便于游戏之中,
我们也需要有艰难困苦。
我们之所以需要它,因为设若没
有困难,
便断无游戏可言。
游戏即是这样一种方式,
为了享受 其中的情趣而人为
地使事情变得不那么轻而易举。
游戏中的种种规则,
便是将困难武断 地强加于人。
当有人将情趣摧毁殆尽时,
他总是因为拒不按游戏规则行事而使然。
这犹 如下棋;
如果你随心所欲、
心血来潮地去更改那些全然武断的游戏规则,
这样去赢棋当 然
会更加容易。
但下棋的情趣则在于,
应在规则的限定范围内赢取胜利。
一言 以蔽
之,没有艰难,断无情趣。



2




In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons:
to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the
proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons
may seem
thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in
other places.
In
addition,
one
class
of
family
reasons
shares
a
border
with
the
following
category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold
the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the
number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is
underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is
a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.
Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of
the
family
itself.
To
many
people,
husband
and
wife
alone
do
not
seem
a
proper
family
-they
need
children
to
enrich
the
circle,
to
validate
its
family
character,
to
gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family
seems
also
to
need
children,
as
the
social
institution
uniquely
available,
at
least
in
principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile,
world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one
person for sustenance and in generational extension.

在某些社会中,
人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因:
传宗接代,
光宗< br>耀祖,
博取祖辈的欢心,
使那些涉及到整个家族的宗教仪式得以发挥其应有的作
用。
此类原因在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白,
但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并
确实仍 在构成强有力的理由。

此外,
有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处,
这 便是:
生儿育女是为着维系或改善婚姻:
能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事
事;修复 婚姻或为婚姻注入新的活力;多子多孙,以为家庭幸福,惟系于此。这
一点更可因其相反情形而得以凸现 :
在某些社会中,
无法生儿育女
(或无法生育
男孩)
于婚姻而言可构 成一种威胁,
并可作为离婚的一个顺理成章的
(或现成的)
缘由。

除了所有这一切以外,
还有一个原因,
那就是后代对于家庭这一体制本身所
具有的深远 意义。
对许多人来说,
夫妇两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭
--
夫妻 需要孩子来丰富其两人小天地,赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质,
并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报 。

孩子需要家庭,
但家庭似乎也需要孩子。
作为一种社会体制,
家 庭以其特有
的方式,
至少从原则上说,
可在一个变幻莫测、
常常是充满敌意的 世界中让人从
中获取某种安全、慰藉、保障,以及价值取向。于大多数人而言,这样的一个家
庭 基础,
即使从其表层意义上来讲,
也需要不至一个人来维持其存在,
并使其世
代相传,生生不息。



3



Though fond of many acquaintances, I desire an intimacy only with a few. The
Man in Black, whom I have often mentioned, is one whose friendship I could wish to
acquire, because he possesses my esteem. His manners, it is true, are tinctured with
some strange inconsistencies, and he may be justly termed a humorist in a nation of
humorists.
Though
he
is
generous
even
to
profusion,
he
affects
to
be
thought
a
prodigy of parsimony and prudence; though his conversation be replete with the most
sordid and selfish maxims, his heart is dilated with the most unbounded love. I have

known
him
profess
himself
a
man-hater,
while
his
cheek
was
glowing
with
compassion; and, while
his
looks were softened
into pity,
I have heard him
use the
language
of
the
most
unbounded
ill-nature.
Some
affect
humanity
and
tenderness,
others boast of having such dispositions from Nature; but he is the only man I ever
knew
who
seemed
ashamed
of
his
natural
benevolence.
He
takes
as
much
pains
to
hide
his
feelings,
as
any
hypocrite
would
to
conceal
his
indifference;
but
on
every
unguarded
moment
the
mask
drops
off,
and
reveals
him
to
the
most
superficial
observer.

尽管我喜欢广交朋友,
但我只愿与为数不多的几人成 为至交。
我所提及的那
位黑衣男士,
就是那样一个我希冀与其成为莫逆之交的人,因为他深得我的景仰。
诚然,
其行为举止不乏某些怪异的出尔反尔,
他全然可被称 为幽默家王国中的幽
默大师。
虽然他慷慨大方,
乃至奢靡无度,
但他仍假惺惺 地希望人们将其视作节
俭与审慎之奇才。
尽管其言谈之中满是污秽和自私的格言,
其内 心却充盈着最博
大无际的爱心。据我所知,他常宣称自己是人类憎恶者;然而,他的脸庞上却总
漾溢着怜悯之情。
虽然其神情会柔化为一片慈悲,
我却听到过他使用最为恶劣的
言辞,
其恶劣程度可谓无以复加。
有些人佯装人道与柔情,
也有一些人则夸耀说
这样 的秉性乃天性使然。
但在我所有认识的人当中,
唯有他似乎羞耻于其与生俱
有的慈悲之 心。他会竭力掩饰其真情,一如任何一个伪君子会掩饰其冷漠那样。
然则,
在每一个毫无防范的 瞬间,
那戴着的假面具便会脱落下来,
使其毕露于哪
怕是最为肤浅的观察者。




4



The Reagan administration's most serious foreign policy problem surfaced near
the
end
of
the
president's
second
term.
In
1987
Americans
learned
that
the
administration
had
secretly
sold
arms
to
Iran
in
an
attempt
to
win
freedom
for
American
hostages
held
in
Lebanon
by
radical
organizations
controlled
by
Iran's
Khomeini government. Investigation also revealed that funds from the arms sales had
been
diverted
to
the
Nicaraguan
contras
during
a
period
when
Congress
had
prohibited such military aid.
The
ensuing
Iran-contra
hearings
before
a
joint
House-Senate
committee
examined
issues
of
possible
illegality
as
well
as
the
broader
question
of
defining
American foreign policy interests in the Middle East and Central America. In a larger
sense, the Iran-contra hearings, like the celebrated Senate Watergate hearings 14 years
earlier, addressed fundamental questions about the government's accountability to the
public,
and
the
proper
balance
between
the
executive
and
legislative
branches
of
government.



里根政府最严重的对外政策问题在总统第二任期行将结束之际浮出水面。
1987
年, 美国人得知里根政府曾秘密向伊朗出售武器,试图为那些美国人质换
取人身自由,
这些人质被伊 朗霍梅尼政府所控制的激进组织囚禁于黎巴嫩。
此外,
调查也披露,
这些武器交易中所 得的款项被转移到尼加拉瓜反政府武装组织的手
里,但在这一时期,美国国会早已禁止此类性质的军事援 助。

随后所举行的参众两院联合委员会的有关

伊朗
-
反政 府武装组织事件

听证
会审议了有可能存在的非法问题,
以及对美国在中东和中 美洲对外政策利益进行
界定这一更为广泛的问题。从某种较为宽泛的意义上说,有关

伊 朗
-
反政府武装

组织事件

的听证会,
犹如
14
年前著名的参议员水门事件听证会那样,
所涉及到
的都是某些根本性问题,即政府应如何向公众负责,
以及政府行政与立法部门之
间如何才能达成某种恰如其分的平衡 。



5



Although
the
American
economy
has
transformed
itself
over
the
years,
certain
issues have persisted since the early days of the republic. One is the continuing debate
over the proper role for government in what is basically a marketplace economy. An
economy based on free enterprise is generally characterized by private ownership and
initiative, with a relative absence of government involvement. However, government
intervention
has
been
found
necessary
from
time
to
time
to
ensure
that
economic
opportunities
are
fair
and
accessible
to
the
people,
to
prevent
flagrant
abuses,
to
dampen inflation and to stimulate growth.
Ever since colonial times, the government has been involved, to some extent, in
economic
decision-making.
The
federal
government,
for
example,
has
made
huge
investments
in
infrastructure,
and
it
has
provided
social
welfare
programs
that
the
private sector was unable or unwilling to provide. In a myriad of ways and over many
decades, the government has supported and promoted the development of agriculture.

虽然美国经济在过去几年中已实现了转型,
但某些问题自美国建国之初以来
一直持续至今,依然悬而未决。
其中之一便是围绕着政府在一个基本上属于市场
性质的经济中的恰当角色所 展开的持久争论。
以自由企业为基础的经济体制,

普遍特征便是私有制和个人创新精 神,政府介入应相对微弱。然而,人们发现,
政府的干预时不时地也是必要的,
以确保经济机会 人人均等,
能为全部民众所获
得,并防范肆无忌惮的权力滥用,平抑通货膨胀,刺激经济增长。

自殖民地时
期以来,
美国政府或多或少地参与到经济决策中来。
例 如,
联邦政府曾在基础设
施方面进行过巨额投资,
它也提供了私营业主们没有能力或不 愿意提供的社会福
利项目。在过去数十年中,政府也以无数的方式支持并促进农业发展。



2
.汉译英



1


脍炙人口的传统京剧《白蛇传》讲的是传自明朝的故事。白 蛇精与青蛇精化
作美女来到人间。
白蛇精与一位书生相爱并生一子。
禅师法海认为他们 的结合违
反传统婚姻,伤风败俗,他气急败坏。于是他派神兵神将前来捉拿白蛇精,并将
她镇压 在一座塔下面。后来,青蛇精在深山中修炼,习武多年,终于砸烂了那座
塔,救出白蛇精。至此,白蛇精 与丈夫、儿子又得团聚。在《白》剧中,蛇被赋
予了崇高的人性。


The
White
Snake,
one
of
the
most
popular
traditional
Beijing
operas,
is
b
ased
on
a
story
handed
down
from
Ming
Dynasty
(1368-1644).
White
Snake
S
pirit
and
Green
Snake
Spirit
metamorphosed
themselves
into
two
beautiful
girls

and
ventured
into
the
human
world.
White
Snake
fell
in
love
with
a
young
s
cholar
and
gave
birth
to
a
son.
Fahai,
a
Buddhist
monk,
regarded
their
union

单眼皮化妆-521069


单眼皮化妆-521069


单眼皮化妆-521069


单眼皮化妆-521069


单眼皮化妆-521069


单眼皮化妆-521069


单眼皮化妆-521069


单眼皮化妆-521069



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