2021年1月23日发(作者：诠释英文)
1
、美国国家教育统计中心的数据表明，大约
80%
的美国大学生至少要换一 次专业。有些学生上大学时就读父母或亲戚为他们选择的专业。在
大多数情况下，这些学生难以作出决定 ，因为他们不知道在决定变换被规划好的职业的时候该如何面对自己的亲人。有些学生决定转专业是
因为 他们无法应付所学专业的基础课，而另一些学生则是因为他们实在厌恶所学的专业，必须换一个自己真正喜欢的专 业。专家认为，意识
到所学专业不适合自己的技能和天赋没什么错。实际上，能意识到这一点是成熟的标 志。重要的是找到一个真正适合你的专业。在转专业之
前，你需要见学业导师，跟教授或专业人员谈谈， 做一些调查，问几个严肃的问题，看看你的选择是否正确。


According to the National Center for Education Statistics, about 80 percent of students in
the United States end up changing their major at least once.

Some
students
start
college
with
a
major
their
parents
or
relatives
picked
for
them.
In
most
cases,
these
students
struggle
to
make
a
decision,
because
they
don
’
t
know
how
to
confront
their
loved ones about a change in their intended career.

Some
students
decide
to
change
majors
because
they
are
struggling
in
basic
courses
for
their
intended major, while some others have
come to so
detest their major
that they find
it
necessary
to switch to another that they really love.

Experts
believe
that
there
is
nothing
wrong
with
realizing
that
your
major
doesn
’
t
suit
your
skills and talents.

In fact, the ability to make such a realization is a sign of maturity. The trick is to find
a major that does suit you better.

Before making the switch, you need to meet with an academic advisor, research your choice
by talking to professors or professionals, and ask yourself serious questions about whether it
is the right choice for you.


2、中国有一句古话：叫“人贵有自知之明”。这个观念的最早提出者是老子。老子在《道德经》里说“知人者 智，自知者明”。有“自知之
明”是指人应该对自己有正确的认识，了解自身的优点和缺点，清醒地知道 自己能做什么。我们把人的自知视为“贵”，可见做到“自知”
是多么的不易。“自知之明”是一种人生 哲学，也是一种品德。它可以帮助我们不断地修正自己，朝着更高的人生目标迈进。


As the Chinese saying goes, it is important to know oneself.

The first person to put forward this notion was Laozi, who wrote in his book Dao De Jing:
”
A
person who knows others is intelligent, but a person who knows himself is insightful.
”


To know oneself is to have a correct understanding of oneself, including one
’
s strengths
and limitations, and to be clear-minded about what one can do.

We cherish this virtue so much precisely because it is really hard for people to know
themselves.

Knowing oneself is
both part of a philosophy of life and
a virtue that can facilitate
self-improvement and attainment of a higher life goal.


3
、美国梦是美国民族精神的体现。简而言之，其观念就是美国是一个充满机会的地方：在那里，只要 肯努力奋斗，就能获得富裕、成功。这
种对改善社会地位和经济状况的信仰，即美国人可以从卑微的穷人 变为富人的信仰，一直被称为“国民宗教”。在经济状况和社会地位上获
得巨大提升的著名案例包括本杰 明·富兰克林和亨利·福特。其他从父辈到子辈就实现从美国下层社会跻身上流社会的最为人津津乐道的例
子是亚伯拉罕·林肯和比尔·克林顿。他们虽然出身于工人阶级家庭，却在成年之后当上了高官。民意测验表明 ，现在美国人的这个信念比
以往任何时候都强，比其他任何发达国家的都强。但是，近年来，几项大型的 研究发现，与同类国家相比，美国的垂直代际社会流动性降低。
2013
年，布鲁金斯学会的一 项研究发现，收入的不平等正变得更加固定，从而大大降低了社会流动性。
2014
年发布的一 项大型学术研究的结
果发现在过去的
20
年里，收入的流动性没有发生显著的变化。< br>










The American Dream is the national ethos of the United States.

Put
simply,
it
is
the
idea
that
American
is
a
land
of
opportunity,
where
hard
work
will
allow
a person to experience prosperity and success.

Belief in social and economic mobility, that Americans rise from humble origins to riches,
has been called a
“
civil religion
”
.

Famous instances of great economic and social mobility include Benjamin Franklin and Henry
Ford.
Additional
popular
examples
of
upward
social
mobility
between
generations
in
America
include
Abraham Lincoln and Bill Clinton, who were born into working-class families yet achieved high
political office in adult life.

Opinion polls show that this belief is stronger than in other developed countries.

However, in recent years several large studies have found that vertical intergenerational
mobility is lower in the US than in comparable countries.

A 2013 Brookings Institution study found income inequality was becoming more permanent,
sharply reducing social mobility.

A large academic study released in 2014 found income mobility had not changed appreciably
in the last 20 years.


4
、女性是劳 动力市场的重要组成部分，但是当前劳动就业中的性别歧视仍然存在，这与我国构建和谐社会的要求背道而
驰。就劳动者而言，不能人尽其才，不仅造成人力资本投资的浪费，还会使她们对社会公正产生怀疑；就用人单 位而言，
性别歧视不仅破坏人才选拔的程序，造成人才浪费，也会不利于人们正确理解何为正常运转的市 场；就社会而言，性别歧
视不仅干扰人力资源的正常流动，还会破坏就业市场的公平环境。


Woman
are
an
important
part
of
the
labour
force.
But
gender
discrimination
in
the
job
market
still exists, and serves as a counterforce to the building of a harmonious society.

As far as employees are concerned, jobs that do not suit their talents will not only give
rise to a waste of the investment in human capital, but also cause them to lose faith in social
justice.

As
for
employers.
Gender
discrimination
will
not
only
disrupt
the
process
of
selecting
talent,
and thus waste talent, but will also harm the perception of a properly functioning market.

On
the
level
of
society,
gender
discrimination
will
set
an
obstacle
to
the
proper
distribution
of human resources, and damage a fair environment in the job market.


5
、
1908
年，安娜·贾维斯在西弗吉尼亚州的格拉夫顿市为自 己的母亲举行了一个追思会，这是人们第一次庆祝母亲节这
个现代美国节日。贾维斯深爱的母亲与
1905
年去世，从这年开始她就积极开展活动，要啊让母亲节成为美国的正式节日。
经过安 娜·贾维斯的努力，
1914
年伍德罗·威尔逊总统签署公告设立母亲节，使它成为一个向母亲 致敬的全国性节日。
尽管贾维斯成功地创立了母亲节，但是母亲节的商业化很快就让她感到不满。到了< br>20
世纪
20
年代初，很多公司开始出售
母亲节贺卡，贾维斯对这种在 她看来是误解和开发利用母亲节的行为感到痛心，她提出抗议甚至试图要废除母亲节。这个
节日的初衷上 让大家向母亲表示感谢和敬意，
采取的形式应该是写亲笔信传达爱意和感激，
而不是通过买礼物 和贺卡这样