-
新概念英语第二册课文及翻译
Lesson 1 A private conversation
私人谈话
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat.
The play was very interesting.
I did not enjoy it.
A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They
were
talking
loudly.
I
got
very
angry.
I
could
not
hear
the
actors.
I
turned
round.
I
looked at the man and the woman angrily(
状语
). They did not pay any attention. In
the
end,
I
could
not
bear
it.
I
turned
round
again.
'I
can't
hear
a
word!'
I
said
angrily.
‘It’s
none
of
your
business,'
the
young
man
said
rudely.
'This
is
a
private
conversation!'.
上星期我去看戏 。我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。一青年男
子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，
大声 地说着话。
我非常生气，
因为我听不见演员
在说什么。
我回过头去怒视着那一 男一女，
他们却毫不理会。
最后，
我忍不住了，
又一次回过头去，生气地说：
“
我一个字也听不见了！
”
“
不关你的事，
”
那男的
毫不客气地说，
“
这是私人间的谈话！
”
【
NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
】生词和短语
★private
adj.
私人的
it's my private letter/house
；美式英语
private school:
私立学校
英式英语：公
学
ETON (private school)
privacy
：隐私
it's a privacy. adj.
《
Private Ryan
》
private soldier
：大兵
private life
：私生
Letter n.
首字母
public
：公众的，公开的
public school
；
public letter
公开信
；
public place :
公共场所
★conversation
n.
谈话
uni verse
转动
uniform
U ni
--
bi
--
tri
--
quar
-
pent
-
sex/hex
-
sept
-
oct
-
nov
---
dec
Bilateral trade
双边贸易
triangle
quarter
pentagon sex
古罗马历法
10
个月
---
12
凯撒大帝
julis
---
July
七月
屋大维
augusto
--
August
八月
< br>September
九月
(
原七月）
---
septwolv es
October
十月（原八月）
---
octopus
November
December
----
decade
subject of conversation
：话题
辨析：
conversation, dialogue, talk, chat
这些名词均含
“
交谈
”
之意。
conversation
：
一般用词，
指两个或更多人互相交换意见的交谈。
talk
：
通用词，
可与
conversation
换用，
但当
talk用作复数时指正式交谈。
如
six
-
party talks
六方会谈
/
phone talks
电话会谈
/
peace talks
和谈（和平
谈判）。
dialogue
：
指
“
对话
”
，
多指剧中的对白。
chat
：
指熟人之间非常随便的交谈，
强调谈话的亲密和非正式性。
1
★theatre
n.
剧场，戏剧
cinema:
电影院
★seat
n.
座位
have a good seat(place)
take a seat :
座下来，就座
take your seat/take a seat
Is the seat taken?
这个座位有人吗？
no/yes
sit down ,please
seat
take your seat,please
be seated,please
更为礼貌
seat
是及物动词，后面有宾语
sit
是不及物动词，后面不加宾语
seat
后面会加人
; seat sb;
seat him;
seat sb.:
让某人就座
he is sitting there.
you seat him;
〖语法精粹〗
When all those present(
到场者
)_D_ he began his lecture.
seated
★play
n.
戏
★loudly adv.
大声的
★angry
adj.
生气的
cross=angry
I was was cross.
annoyed:
恼火的
;
I was annoyed.
I was angry/cross.
I was very angry.
be blue in the face; I am blue in the face.
★angrily
adv.
生气的
副词修饰动词
★attention
n.
注意
Attention ,please.
请注意
pay attention :
注意
pay attention to :
对什么注意
You must pay attention to that girl.
pay a little attention :
稍加注意
pay much attention :
多加注意
pay more attention :
更多注意
pay no attention
:
不用注意
pay close attention
密切关注
链接
1
）
draw/catch/arrest/attract one’s attention
吸引某人注意力
2
）
turn one’s attention to ...
把注意力转向
…
3
）
focus/fix one’s attention on
集中注意力于
…
4
）
distract/divert attention from...
分散注意
★bear(bore,borne)
v.
容忍
I can't bear/stand you
endure :
忍受
,
容忍
endurable
2
put up with :
忍受
I got divorced.I could not put up with him
suffer:
遭受
,
忍受
(
精神或肉体上
)+
痛苦
I suffer the headache.
Suffer from
He often suffers defeat.
bear/stand/endure=put up with
忍受的极限在加大
bear n.
熊
white bear
bear hug :
热情
(
热烈
)
的拥抱
give sb a bear hug
★Business
n.
事
Business man :
生意人
business card /name card
名片
do Business:
做生意
Harvard business college
on Business:
出差
I went to Tianjin on Business.
thing
可以指事情
,
也可以指东西
It's my Business
私人事情
=It's none of your Business= None of your Business
★rudely
adv.
无礼地，粗鲁地
rude adj.
【课文讲解】
Last week
go to the theatre
see a film,go to the cinema
go to the +
地点
表示去某地干嘛
go to the doctor's
去看病
go to the dairy
去牛奶店
go to the +
人
+ 's
表示去这个人开的店
go to the butcher's
买肉
go to school:
去上学
go to church:
去做礼拜
go to hospital(
医院
):
去看病
go to the Great Wall
go home;
跟
Home
相连一定表示没有事情可做
,
回家休息
I am at Home
enjoy, enjoy oneself:
玩的开心
have a passion for
热爱
enjoy+sth :
喜欢
,
从当中得到一种享受
I like something very much./I love something.
I enjoy the class.
I enjoy the music.
I enjoy the book.
enjoy the dinner/film/program/game
were sitting :
当时正座在
过去进行时态
:
过去的某个时间正在发生的动作
一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述
I+be+v(ing)
3
The girl was reading a book in the garden.A boy came to her.
The girl is reading a book in the garden.
got :
变得
,
表示一种变化
,got angry
I am/was angry
是一个事实
I got angry:
强调变化过程
It is hot.
It got hot.
got
取代
be
动词
,got
是一个半 联系动词
,
可以直接加形容词
说话的时候喜欢用缩略
.I'm not,he isn't,they aren't
写的时候会说
:I am not,he is not,they are not
I didn't do sth,I did not do sth
hear:
听见
hear+
人
:
听见某人的话
I could not hear your pardon?
I couldn't hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't catch your word.
I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words.
Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words.
turn round:
转头
I could not bear it./you./the noise.
I can't hear a word.
hear a word, a word
等于一句话
May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?
写作当中的第一步从完整句子开始写起
sitting behind
behind:
在
...
后面
in front of :
在
...
前面
(
相对静止的概念
)
before :
在
...
前面
(+
词、句子、一定和时间相连
)
above:
在
...
上面
ahead of:
在
...
前面
(+
时间、位置
)(
动态的行为
)
He arrived before six o'clock.
Before he came back
Ahead of time
He goes ahead of me.
any——
用在否定句和疑问句中
some——
用在肯定句中
none——
没有任何东西、没有任何人
None knows./None of us knows.
not any=no
not——
否定词
,
要放在非实义动词后面
He didn't pay attention
no——
形容词、修饰名词
I don't have any friends./I have no friends.
I have no time./I don't have any time.
【
KEY STUCTURES
】
关键句型
4
Word order in simple statements:
简单陈述句的语序
陈述句一定是有主语< br>,
有动词
,
有宾语
,
有句号
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
when?
Who?
Action
Who?
How?
Where?
When?
Which?
Which?
What?
What?
---
主语一般有名词或代词构成
you can use the smartphone.
The girl
（
sitting over there )gives me an apple.
who is sitting over there
定语
修饰
的
非
谓
语
动
词
（
现
在
分
词
ing
，
过
去
分
词
ed
，
动
词
不
定
式
to
do
）
sitting over there =who is sitting over there
简短
Me
间接宾语
apple
直接宾语
2
---
谓语由动词充当
3
---
宾语
4
---
副词或介词短语
,
对方式或状态提问
,
往往做状语
I like her very much
5
---
地点状语
6
---
时间状语可以放在句首或句末
I like the girl very much in Beijing last year.
简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语
主语
——>
动词
——>
宾语
——>
状语
状语
:
放在最前面是副词
,
方式状语
,
表示状态
/
程度的状语
,
下面是地点
,
然后是时
间
1.
主语和动词不能少
2.
如果时间和地点连在一起
,< br>先放地点
,
再放时间
如果问何时何地
,
是一个固定搭配
when and where
练习：
排列句子
The little boy; an apple; this morning; ate greedily; in the Kitchen.
The little boy ate an apple greedily in the Kitchen this morning.
排列句子
game; played; yesterday; in their room; the children; quietly
The children played game quietly in their room yesterday.
Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?
早餐还是午餐？
It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch
time.
Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside.
'What a day!'
I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my
aunt Lucy.' I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.' 'But I'm still
having breakfast,' I said.
'What are you doing?' she asked. ‘I’m having breakfast,' I repeated.
'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!''
那是个星期天，而在星期天我是从来不早起的，有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的
5
时候。
上个星期天，
我起得很晚。
我望望窗外，
外面一 片昏暗。
“
鬼天气！
”
我想，
“
又下雨了。
”正在这时，电话铃响了。是我姑母露西打来的。
“
我刚下火车，
”
她说，
“
我这就来看你。
”
“
但我还在吃早饭，
”
我说。
“
你在干什么？
”
她问道。
“
我正在吃早饭，
”
我又说了一遍。
“
天啊，< br>”
她说，
“
你总是起得这么晚吗？现在已经
1
点钟了！
”
until
1.
prep.
到
…
为止，
在
…
以前
I stayed up until four o’clock trying to get my assignment done.
（用作介词，
引
出时间状语）
我熬夜到四点以完成功课。
非谓语动词：现在分词
ing
过去分词
ed
动词不定式
to do
汉语
重
意合
英语
重
形合
后面加
(
时间状语
)
从句
,
前面就是主句
1) His father didn't die until he came back. (
肯定
)
直到他回来
,
他爸爸才死。
2) His father was alive until he came back.
(
否定
)
直到他回来为止
,
他爸爸都是活着的。
conj.
到
…
为止，
在
…
以前，
直到
…
才
Nothing is learned until you can use it.
（该句中是用作连词，
因为它后面跟的是
句子）
★outside
adv.
外面
作状语
He is waiting for me outside.
Inside
adv.
It is cold outside.
★ring()
v.(
铃、电话等
)
响
(
刺耳的
)
The telephone(door bell) is ringing.
给某人打电话
: ring sb.
Tomorrow I'll ring you.
打电话
(
名
) : give sb. a ring
remember to ring me/remember to give me a ring
★ring a bell
提醒，
使
…
想起
（听力必备词汇）
Does this name ring a bell?
这个名字是否让你想起点什么？
n.
环状物
，圆圈
,
戒指
The kids sat in a ring around the teacher.
孩子们围坐在老师周围。
The Lord of the Rings
《指环王》
landlord n.
地主
★aunt
n.
姑
,
姨
,
婶
,
舅妈
uncle:
叔叔
sibling
n.
兄弟姐妹
cousin:
堂兄妹
offspring
n.
descendant
n.
nephew:
外甥
niece:
外甥女
Vi.
不及物
Vt.
及物动词
★Would you mind repeating your question please?
你能重复一遍你的问题吗？
6
History always repeats itself.
历史总在重演。
Anyone can make a mistake, but only a fool repeats it.
人人皆犯错，
只有傻瓜一
犯再犯。
★repeat + that…
She repeated that she had no interest in this field.
她一再说她对这个领域不感
兴趣。
→ n. repetition
His second book is full of repetition.
他的第二
本书有许多重
复之处。
→ adj. repeated
repeated mistakes
老出的错
/ warnings
不停的警告
→
adv.
repeatedly
He
visited
her
family
repeatedly,
begging
her
to
marry
him.
他一再地拜访她家，求她嫁给他。
1. What a day!
感叹句，
用来表示说话人的喜怒哀乐，
一般用感叹词
how
或
what
引导，
how
修饰形容词或副词，
what
修饰的中心词是名词。
What
引导的感叹句基本结构：
★What
＋
a/an
＋形容词＋可数名词
（单数）
＋主语＋谓语
!
（主谓可省）
What a beautiful day
（
it is
）
!
★What
＋形容词＋可数名词复数
（或不可数名词）
＋主语＋谓语！
What cute puppies
（
these are
）
!
What lovely weather
（
it is
）
!
How
引导的感叹句基本结构是：
How
＋形容词
/
副词＋主语＋谓语
How terrifying the experience is!
2. It’s raining again.
“
下雨了！
”
有多种表达法。如：
It’s drizzling.
（毛毛雨）
It’s raining cats and dogs.
（大雨瓢泼）
I will be there for you, rain or shine!
（风雨无阻）
3. “I’ve just arrived by train,” she said. “I’ m coming to see you.”
交通方式
= by +
具体交通工具
derail
by
train / bus / bike / ship / plane / light rail / subway / MRT
（
mass rapid transit
）
／
minibus /motorbike / moped
（助动车）等等，
除了
on foot
。
Lesson 3 Please send me a card
请给我寄一张明信片
Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums
and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of
Italian. 'Then he
lent
me
a
book.
I
read
a
few
lines,
but
I
did
not
understand
a
word.
Every
day
I
thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to
my
friends.
On
the
last
day
I
made
a
big
decision.
I
got
up
early
and
bought
thirty
-
seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去 了意大利。我参观了博物馆，
还去了公园。
一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，
之 后还借给我一本书。
我
读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快， 可我还
7
没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。
到了最后一天，
我作出了一项重大决定。
我
早早起了床，买来了
37
张明信片。我在 房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明
信片也没写成！
Word Study
vt.(spoiled or spoilt)
1). ruin
破坏，糟蹋，使
…
不如意
The rain spoiled the picnic.
下雨了，野炊泡汤了。
Too much oil spoils the soup.
油太重了会坏了汤的味道。
几种破坏：
打破玻璃用
break;
damage:
破坏，但是程度不一定很重
;
destroy
：破坏，彻底摧毁
;
以上三个是指物理上的破坏，而
spoil
主要指精神上
2).
娇惯，宠爱
The child is badly spoiled.
那孩子给惯坏了。
3).
食物变坏，变质
Meat spoils easily in summer.
夏天，肉容易臭。
4).
谚语
Spare the rod and spoil the child.
省了棍子惯坏了孩子
/
不打不成材
5). spoiler
spoil
-
sport
扫兴的人
Don' t be such a spoil
-
sport !
别这麽扫人兴
!
公共的，公众的
这个词我们在第一课见过 了，基本用法和
private
一起记。下面再说两点：
1
）
public house
简称
pub
：酒吧
bar
2
）
in public:
公开的
; in private:
私下里的
ly
adj.
Lovely
friendly adj.
友好的
以
-
ly
结尾是形容词，同样的还有
lovely
friendly
单独用，一般做宾语来用
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好，用短语
in a friendly way
1).
亲切的，和蔼的，友好的
A doctor should be a friendly person.
医生应该亲切。
friendly nations
友邦
a friendly smile
亲切的微笑
a friendly match
友谊赛
2).
有利的，有益的
a friendly rain
及时雨
a friendly warning
忠告
3).be on friendly terms with sb.
与某人关系融洽
This company is on friendly terms with clients.
这家公司与客户的关系很好。
4). friend
make friends with
与某人交朋友
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Adj.
真正的
8
患难朋友才是真正的朋友。
5). friendship
友谊
lend color to
使某件事情显得可信
The success of the experiment lends color to his theory.
实验的成功使他的理论更可信。
lend an ear to
耐心而同情地听
We should lend an ear to those international refugees.
我们应该耐心听听国际难民的遭遇。
lend name to
参与某事
He never lends his name to violence.
他从不参与暴力活动。
lend a (helping)hand to
资助，帮助
The merciful boss lends a helping hand to the village with a school.
Mercy
那位好心的老板资助这个村庄建学校。
on
做出决定做某事
make /reach/come to / a decision to do sth
decide to do sth
make up one’s mind to do sth
be determined to do sth
determination
n.
Success goes to the determined.==where there is a will,there is a way.
7. whole
adj.
整个的
on the whole
整体说来
The plan is successful on the whole.
整体来说，这个计划是成功的。
as a whole
总体来说
The book is worth reading as a whole.
总的来说，这本书值得一读。
the whole truth
全部真相
wholehearted
全心全意的，全神贯注的
→wholeheartedly
wholeness
完整性
wholesale
批发
all
of
后面如果加代 词，代词前面不需要修饰词，一旦要加名词，前面一定要加
the
all of us;all of the students
a single bed
单人床
→ a double bed
双人床
a single parent
单亲
biological parent
亲生父母
adoptive/foster parent
养父母
the single life
独身生活
→ a married life
婚姻生活
a single ticket
单程票
→ a round trip ticket
往返票
have a word with sb
和某人说几句话
9
have words with sb
与某人争吵
写作：
in other words
换句话说
word for word
一字一句地，原原本本地
Can I have a word with you ?
我能和你说几句话吗？
Tony had words with his wife last night.
Tony
昨天晚上和妻子吵架了。
In other words, you can’t live without communicating.
换句话说，你活着就得交流。
She told me the whole story word for word.
她把事情一五一十地告诉了我。
Keep the word =keep a promise
信守诺言
Break a promise
n.
v.
line up
排队
outline
轮廓，纲要，概述
underline
下划线
v.
read between lines
读懂言外之意
be online
在线
be offline
离线
Fans lined up for the signature from the super star.
追星族排队等候大明星的签名。
The architect drew an outline of the building.
建筑师画出了大楼的轮廓。
He outlined his theory in a few words.
他用几句话概括了他的理论。
When it comes to poet, we always need to read between lines.
说到诗，很多情况下我们不能只从字面上理解。
think about/of
考虑，思考，
think of
还可指
想到
What do you think of the weather today?
冷：
cold,chilly(
凛冽
)
，< br>freeze:I'll freeze.(
冻僵
)
think over:
仔细考虑
think out
仔细考虑，想出办法
think sth through
全面地考虑问题
think
-
tank
智囊团，专家小组
panel
thinkable
可以想象的，可以想见的
----
unthinkable
不可想象的
thinker
思想家
,statesman,educator,poet
v.
寄
寄信：
send a letter
用法：
send sth to sb/send sb sth
类似的用法还有
give,take,pass,read,sell...
send/take children to school
区别：
take
：强调某人亲自送
;
send
则是通过第三人去送，如美国的校车
1
0
本课重点：双宾语
双宾语指直接宾语
(< br>表示动作结果
)
和间接宾语
(
表示动作目标
)
如在
give sb sth
中，
sb
是间接宾语，
sth
是直接宾语
间接宾语在后面时，其前必须加
to
give sth to sb.(
对
……
而做，翻译 为
“
给
”)
或
for(
为
……
而做，翻译 为
“
替
”)
可以翻译为
“
给
”
，
“
替
”
，
“
为
”
的，就用
fo r;
如果只能翻译为
“
给
”
就以用
to
give a book to me;I buy a book for you.
总结：用
for
的词：
buy,order,make,find
Do me a favor please.=Do a favor for me.
Exercise
paid some money to the shop
-
keeper.
writer brought the man a bottle of beer.
宾语补足语
museum n.
博物馆
英语词源故事
——museum
（博物馆）：文艺女神缪斯
缪斯（
Muses
）是希腊神话中主管科学和文艺的女神们的总称，共九位。由于缪
斯女神主管文艺，
所以在古代西方，
人们往往将杰出的艺术作品放在缪斯女神的
神庙 中，这就是博物馆（
museum
）的起源。它由
muse
（缪斯）和表示< br>“
场所
”
的
后缀
-
um
，本意就是
“
缪斯的神庙
”
。
同样，
英语单词
m usic
（音乐）
原本是
muse
的形容词，
本意是
“缪斯的
（艺术）
”
，
mosaic
（马赛克、镶嵌艺术）的本意 是
“work
of
the
Muses”
（缪斯的作品），以
前都是供奉给缪斯女神的。
Muse
：
[mju?z]
n.
司文艺、音乐、美术的女神缪斯
museum
：
[mju?'z??m]n.
博物馆
music
：
['mju?z?k]n.
音乐，乐曲
mo saic
：
[m?(?)'ze??k]n.
马赛克，镶嵌，镶嵌图案
那么多博物馆一定要记住我们的
Palace Museum(
故宫
)
14.
性别词缀
-
ess “
女的，女性的，雌性的
”
waiter →waitress
女服务员
只出现在餐馆里
actor →actress
女演员
prince →princess
公主
lion →lioness
母狮子
领班：
chief waiter
商店里的店员：
shop assistant
其他公共场所的服务员
:attendant
15.
语言不可数，所以要用
a little Italian
或
a few words of Italian
summer
里的
last
表示
“
上一个
”
the last day
里的
last
表示
“
最后一个
”
，
表示
“
最后一个
”
时要加冠词
the
，
这时前
面要加介词
+
时间
+
地点
eg:I spent three hours in the sea.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(
交通堵塞
)
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
1
1
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
Lesson 4 An exciting trip
激动人心的旅行
I have just received a letter from
my brother, Tim.
He is
in
Australia. He has been
there
for
six
months.
Tim
is
an
engineer.
He
is
working
for
a
big
firm
and
he
has
already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an
Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.
He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been
abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信，他正在澳 大利亚。他在那儿已经住了
6
个月了。
蒂姆是个工程师，正在一家大公司工作，并且已 经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。
他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普 林斯。
他不久还将到达达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因
此，他觉 得这次旅行非常激动人心。
★New words and expressions
1.★exciting adj.
令人兴奋的
激动
-
>d ,exciting
excite, surprise, satisfy, frighten
等动词的词义中含有
“
使
……”
的意思
.
它们的共同点就是都可以通过在后面分
别加
-
ing< br>和
-
ed
构成形容词，其中
-
ing
词尾的形容词< br>
用来表示所说明的物体或
人给人的感觉，可以理
解成
“
令人
……
的
”
；
而以< br>-
ed
结尾的形容词则用来表示
“
感到
……
的
”
，通常用来说明人的情绪。
excite
使
……
兴奋
surprise
使
……
吃惊
Satisfy
使
……
满意
frighten
使
……
害怕
an exciting speech
激动人心的讲话
an excited person
（感到）兴奋的人
surprising news
令人吃惊的消息
a surprised child
（感到）吃惊的孩子
interesting:
令人感到有趣的
;interested
：感到有意思的
动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到
……
eg:The news excited me.
The book interested me.
2.★receive v.
接受，收到
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。
在译成汉语时，< br>同位语或者插入主句中，
或者另译为一句，
很少像英语中那样用
逗号隔开。
This is John, one of my best friends.
这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。
Mrs. Smith, my neighbor, has never been abroad.
我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出
过国。
3
个接受：
receive
收到（不一定接受）客观的收到
accept
接受（肯定收到）
主观上乐意
receive(
与
have
通用
)
：
receive/have a letter from sb
1
2
eg:This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it.
take:
接受，与前两词无可比性，只需记住两个搭配：
take the exam;take advice
adopt advice
衍生词：
elevator
n.
电梯
elevate
v.
receiver
接收器，接受者
receipt
收条，收据
reception
服务台
receptionist
接待员
receptive
接受得快的
adj.
He is receptive to new ideas
concept
。
他很容易接受新思维。
received
被普遍接受的
adj.
a received theory
得到广泛认可的理论
反义词：
decline, refuse, reject ,deny, turn down,
句型：收到
……
来信
receive a letter from=hear from
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
给
……
写信
write to sb=write a letter to sb=drop sb a line
3.★firm n.
商行，会计行，事务所，公司等同于
company
1
）
n.
公司
,
企业
company , enterprise, corporation
2
）
adj.
结实的，坚硬的
firm muscles
结实的肌肉
firm soil
坚硬的土壤
3
）
adj.
坚定的，不容易改变的
firm belief
坚定的信仰
firm evidence
可靠的证据
firm refusal
严词拒绝
4
）
adv. firmly
a firmly handshake
The knob was fixed on the door firmly.
把门把牢牢地安装在门上。
4.★abroad adv.
在国外
注意是个副词，直接和动词连用，不需要介词
go abroad
去国外
aboard
n.
甲板
v.
登机
live abroad
国外定居
study abroad
国外学习
---
different
adj.
---
difference n.
different adj.
不同的
★ adj.
不同的，相异的（经常与
from
连用）
We are planning something different
（后置定语）
this year.
我们今年有不同的打
算。
My room is different from yours.
★ adj.
各种各样的，不同的
various
diverse culture
----
diversity
a wide range of
all sorts of
This department store sells a large number of different things.
这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。
He has visited many different places in China.
他去过中国的不少地方。
be different from
与
……
有区别
1
3
Tell the difference between A and B
A
和
B
的区别
differ from…
与
……
有区别
differentiate
辨别，讲出或指出区别
I differ with him on the plan.
=I don’t agree with him on the plan.
关于计划，我和他的观点不一样。
Tastes differ.
萝卜白菜，各有所爱。
We must agree to differ on this.
我们必须承认在这个问题上有分歧。
Men and women differ.
Men differ from women.
Men are different from women.
There are differences between men and women.
One can differ men from women.
以上句子的基本意思都是：男女有别。
相同
be similar to
与
……
相似
resemble
to
象，类似
the same as
与
……
一样
6.★have been+in
地点
他已经到北京了：
He has arrived in Beijing.
瞬间动词
持续性动词
wait
到北京一年了，就不能用
arri ve
了。因为
arrive
是表示点的动词，不能和段时间
连用。
所以用我们的新句型：
have been in
地点
He has been in Beijing for one year.
Has
第三人称单数
/have
第一，第二，复数
+
动词的过去分词
Be
动词
--
am is are
was were
现在完成时态的基本用法：
现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，
或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。
常与现在完
成时 连用的副词和副词短语：
before (now)
（以前）；
so far
（到目前为止），
up to
now
（直到现在）
，
just
（刚刚）
，
already
（已经）
，
late ly
（最近）
，
now
（现在）
，
for+
一段 时间；疑问句和否定句中常用
ever
，
yet
，
never
，
not…ever
等。
1.
表示已经完成的事情，强调行为的结果，但不强调行为发生的具体时间
I have finished my work.
我的事（已经）做完了。
2.
表示曾经有过的经历。
The professor has been sent abroad.
这位教授曾经被派出国。
3.
表示过去发生的行为持续了一段时间，
He has lived there for years.
他在那里住了好些年了。
, already, ever, just
等几个副词在完成事态
句子中的位置为：
have
（
*
）
done
句型操练模仿：规则动词和不规则动词的完成时
your breakfast
have
助动词之外，还可以是实义动词
1
4
I have already had
（
have
实际意义的动词）
my breakfast.
him to leave.
He has already left.
her to comb her hair.
She has already combed her hair.
a letter to him.
I’ve already written a letter to him.
on the stereo.
I’ve already turned on the stereo.
her to wash the dishes.
She’s already washed the dishes.
him to read Macbeth.
He’s already read Macbeth.
a holiday.
I’ve already taken a holiday.
them to do their homework.
They’ve already done their homework.
your work.
I’ve already finished my work.
the carpet.
I’ve already swept the carpet.
her to make the beds.
She’s already made the beds.
7.★work in
强调工作的地点
work for
强调
work
，不是在游逛，是在工作
8.★a great number of
后面一定要加可数名词复数
a lot of
可加可数名词也可加不可数名词
它们是约等于的关系
I have a lot of/a great number of friends.
I have a lot of time.
中的
a lot of
就不能替换为
a great number of
了
9.★have gone to :
去了某地没回来
have been to :
曾经去过某地，现在不在那个地方
10.★from there:
从那地方起
from
既可以加时间又可以加地点
eg:
from half past 8 to half past 11
from Beijing to Tianjin
11.★fly to Perth=go to Perth by air
fly to
坐飞机去
drive to
开车去
ride to
骑车（马、驴等）去
walk to
步行去
go+
地点
+
介词
+
交通工具
go* by bike
go *on horseback
go* on foot
12.★before
用在句子的末尾是副词，
翻译为< br>“
在此之前
”
，
是现在完成时态的标志。
13.★find+
宾语
+
形容词做宾补
find trip exciting;
find the room clean
1
5
注意，在本句中用的是
find
的进行时态。
在收听外台的广播中经常能听到
find
不用一般式，而用进行式。
eg:We're finding the program very exciting.
在写的时候用一般式，口语就用进行式
下面表示状态 、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时（瞬间性动词）：
believe
，
d oubt
，
see
，
hear
，
know
，
understand
，
belong
，
think
，
c onsider
，
feel
，
look
，
seem
，
show
，
mind
，
have
，
sound< br>，
taste
，
require
，
possess
，
care
，
like
，
hate
，
love
，
detest
，
desire
【
Multiple choice questions
】
1. Tim is in Australia. He went ___a___ Australia six months ago.
Ａ
. to
Ｂ
. in
Ｃ
. at
Ｄ
. into
at…
表示位置
（
be at
是典型表示位置的介词短语）
go to…
只要有
to
这个感念
,
它的后面一定要有宾语
, go to the theater
go in… (in
做副词
)
很少加宾语
He went in.
go into…
有去的动作
,
还有进入的动作
go into the room
move
常用的意义是
“
动
”
、
“
移动
”
，
在表达
“
搬家
”
这个意思时
move
可 以单独使用，
也可组成短语
move to
，
move into
，
move in
，
move out
。
move in:
搬进来
move to the new house:
正在搬
move into :
搬进去了
move out
搬走
Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow.
is in Australia. How long ___b___ there?
对一段时间的提问
Ｔｈｒｅｅ
ｍｏｎｔｈｓ
Ａ
. is he
Ｂ
. has he been
Ｃ
. has he
Ｄ
. was he
how long...
对段时间提问
,
跟现在完成时相连
3. He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin
＿
c
＿
.
a. Quickly
b. for a short time
c . shortly
d. in a hurry
quickly
指的是动作上的快
He went quickly .
for a short time
不久
,
表示动作延续一段时间
soon = shortly
不久以后
,
表示在这段时间之后，强调的是时间上的快
in a hurry:
匆忙的（指动作）
Lesson 5
No wrong numbers
无错号之虞
Mr. James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in
Pinhurst.
Pinhurst
is
only
five
miles
from
Silbury,
but
Mr.
Scott
cannot
get
a
telephone
for
his
new
garage,
so
he
has
just
bought
twelve
pigeons.
Yesterday,
a
1
6
pigeon
carried
the
first
message
from
Pinhurst
to
Silbury.
The
bird
covered
the
distance
in
three
minutes.
Up
to
now,
Mr.
Scott
has
sent
a
great
many
requests
for
spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has
begun his own private telephone service.
詹姆斯
.
斯科特 先生在锡尔伯里有一个汽车修理部，现在他刚在平赫斯特买了另
一个汽车修理部。平赫特离锡尔伯里只有
5
英里，但詹姆斯
.
斯科特先生未能为
他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电 话机，
所以他买了只鸽子。
昨天，
一只鸽子把第一
封信从平赫特带到锡尔伯里 。这只鸟只用了
3
分钟就飞完了全程。到目前为止，
斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另 一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急
函件。就这样，他开始自己的私人
“
电话< br>”
业务。
★New words and expressions
st is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his
new garage, so he has just bought twelve
pigeons.
平赫斯特离锡尔伯里只有
5
英
里，但詹姆斯·
斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机，所以他买
了
12
只鸽子。
(1)
这句话由
3
个部分组成。
but
引导的句子与前面的句子为并列关系，
so
引导的
句子表示结果。
his mother,the little boy threw himself into his mother’s hug.
现在分词短
语替代时间状语从句（简要）
the little boy saw his mother, he threw himself into his mother’s hug.
(2)from
在这里表示距离上相隔，译为
“
离
”
、
“
从
”< br>等：
The school is a mile (away) from my house.
学校离我家有一英里。
She has been away from home for 5 days now.
她离家已有
5
天了
1.★pigeon n.
鸽子
贝亲
口语里常说：
It's not my pigeon.=None of my business.
这不是我的过错
2.★message n.
信息
(
可数名词
)
an oral/ written message
口信
/
便条
与
message
相关的另一个词是
messenger
，意为
“
送信人
”
、
“
信使
”
等。
Message
-
messenger
passage
----
passenger
with the passage of the time
Inform
通知
------
information
信息
(
不可数名词
)
leave sb a message:
给
……
留便条
I'll leave you a message.
take a message for sb:
替
……
捎口信
此句在电话里非常常用，如果你要找的人不在，对方会说：
Can I take a message for you?
或者你可以说：
Can you take a message for me?
3.★cover v.
越过
1)n.
覆盖物
the cover of a TV/pot/car
2)n.
可以躲避的地方，掩护
shelter
，
refuge
I want to take cover from the rain.
我想躲雨。
take cover:
找躲避的地方，
from
接躲避的对象
1
7
The desert is treeless and gives no cover.
沙漠里光秃秃的，连避一避的地方也没有。
3)n.
封面
I read the book from cover to cover.
我把这本书从头到尾读了一遍。
cover girl
封面女郎
4)n.
幌子，伪装
They deal drugs under the cover of legal business.
他们打着合法生意的幌子进行毒品交易。
illegal
Mortal
----
immortal
Vt. cover……with……
1)v.
遮盖，覆盖，淹没，掩饰
The body was covered with a sheet.
尸体上盖着一块布。
The flood covered everything around there.
洪水把那里的一切都淹没了。
He laughed to cover his embarrassment.
N.
barcode
Embarrass
v.
Embrace
（
em
在
+brace
手臂）
他用笑声来掩饰尴尬。
2)v.
处理，涉及，适用于
include
，
deal with
，
apply to
The course covers the basic parts of English learning.
这个课程涉及了英语学习的基础部分。
The rules cover any case.
该规则适用于任何情况。
3)v..
越过一段距离
cover+
距离：越过
cover the distance
The car can cover 200 miles in an hour.
这种车每小时速度可以达到
200
英里。
4) v.
报道
report
Many reporters are sent to cover the Olympics.
许多记者被派去报道奥运会。
5).
掩护
6).discover
v.
发现
(dis→
去掉，
cover→
覆盖物
)
discovery
n.
发现，发明的东西
4.★distance n.
距离
dis+ stance
stand
I will not agree to build the factory near the school.
I will never agree to
Never will i agree to build the factory near the school.
Under no circumstance will i agree to build the factory near the school.
Circumstance(circle+stance)
境况，情况
adj:distant
以
-
ce
结尾的名词，形容词一 般以
-
t
结尾
如：
n. importance
--
important
adj.
n. difference
--
different
adj.
n. Patience
-----
patient adj.
短语：
1
8
distance
-
post
里程标
at a distance
隔一段距离
in the distance
在远处
keep
distance
保持距离
at a respectful distance
敬而远之
distant view
远景
distant relations
远亲
a distant look
冷漠的表情
a distant date
遥远的日期
a distant likeness
细微的共同点
文化点睛：
中国人往往喜欢和人靠的很 近，
而英美人喜欢保持一定距离，
他们认为自己周围
的一切，
包括空气都是自 己的。
所以在餐厅吃饭，
想和英美人坐一桌，
应该先问：
Can I join you?
或
Can I share this table?
而不要直接去坐。
to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent
messages from one garage to the other.
到目前为止，
斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。
(1)
这句话看起来很长，但却是个简单句。
sen t
有两个宾语，一是
requests
，二是
messages
。< br>from one garage to the other
是整个句子的状语。
(2)up to now
相当于
until/till now
，意思是< br>“
迄今
”
、
“
到目前为止
”
，一般与现在完
成时连用：
Up to now, he has collected a good number of stamps.
到目前为止，他已收集了许多邮票。
up to now =up till now=so far
目前为止
Everything is going on well up to now.
So far, so good.
目前一切都好。
(3)request
1) n.
要求，请求
request for:
对
……
有请求，需求
，
往往需要补充说明其内容，
如课文中
requests for spare parts(
索取备件的信件
)
。
He granted my request for more time.
他同意了我延长时间的请求
t sb to do sth=ask sb to do sth:
要求某人做
……
在口语中用
require sb to do sth
外国人喜欢用被动：
You're required/asked to do...
短语：
at one’s request=at the request of sb
应某人的要求
come into request /be in request
成为需求，变得紧俏
as requested
根据要求，按照要求
No reporter will be allowed in at the chairman’s request.
根据主席的要求，记者不得入内。
With China’s entry to WTO, language talents come into request than ever before.
中
国入世使语言人才空前吃香。
The conference room has been decorated as (it was ) requested.
会场已经按要求布
置好了。
Customers made requests for better service.
顾客们要求更好的服务。
近义：
ask for, apply for , solicit
1
9
(4)a great many
在这句话中为形容词短语。
many
单独使 用时前面不加
a
，但加了
great/ good
等形容词后，前面要加
a
：
A large/great/good
number of
大量的
（可数名词复数）
A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.
好多树在这场暴风雨中被毁坏了。
a great many
还可以作代词短语用：
He has read a great many of the books in this room.
这房间的书他好多都读过了。
A great deal of
大量的
+
不可数名词
this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.
就这样，他开始了自
己的私人
“
电话
”
业务。
< br>(1)service
作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客
等的侍候、接待或服务
;
它作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作：
The service in that hotel is quite good.
那家旅馆的服务很不错。
You have done me a great service.
你帮了我很大的忙
(2)
在课文中，
servi ce
的意思是
“
业务
”
、
“
公用事业
”< br>等。
这类用法一般有：
the mail service(
邮政业务
);
the telephone service(
电话业务
);
a travel service(
旅行社
);
a news service(
通 讯社
)
等。可以看出，
service
既可以指公用事业的业务，也可以指办这些业务的机构。因此，课文中的
“'telephone'
service”
实际上是个大词，有
一种幽默感。
6.★spare part
备件
1
）
adj.
多余的，空余的，空闲的
spare room
空着的房间
spare time
空余时间
spare cash
余钱，闲钱
spare tire
备用轮胎
2
）
v.
节省，饶恕，让出，
He does not spare himself.
他对自己要求很严格。
Can you spare me the book for a few days?
把这本书借我几天好吗？
spare no pains(efforts) to do
不遗余力做某事
（全力以赴）
spare no expense
不惜工本
7.★service n.
业务，服务
be at your service
随时听候您的吩咐
(I'm glad to be)At your service.
我很乐意为您效劳。
文化点睛：
[
总结
]
对
Thank you.
的回答：
1
）
-
That's all right./That' OK.
绝对正确，绝对过时。只有老人还用，已渐渐被遗忘。
2
0
2
）
-
You are welcome./Not at all./(It's)My pleasure./At your service.
在演讲讲座的结尾，演讲者会说：
Thank you for your listening.
此时以上回答都不
准确，回应是报以热烈的掌声。
如果一个老外给你说
Thank you.
你一激动想不起怎么回答，最聪明的回答就是：
No
，
thanks.
同样对
sorry
可以回答：
No sorry.
8.★another:
其它中的一个
(+
单数名词
)
One miracle after another
一个又一个的奇迹
One problem after another
other(adj)+n.(
可为单数或复数
)
其它的
other people/books
the other:
两个之中的另外一个
(
直接用，后面什么也不加
)
句型：
One...the other...
一个
……
另一个
……
eg:I have two is watering the flowers,and the other is reading.
others=other+
名词复数
n.
其他
句型：
Some...others...
一些人。。其他人。。。
eg:Some boys are playing football,and others are rowing/going boating.
选择题
Mr Scott has a garage in __B_garage is in Pinhurst.
r
ent
C
错。
else:
其它的。
else会放在被修饰词的后面。
它
只
能
修饰
两
种< br>词：
1.
疑
问
代词
：
who
else,what
else;2.
不
定
代
词
：
anyone
else,anything else.
D
错。
A
和
B
语法上都对，但
A
不好。
原因：
/a
是冠词
;his/my/your
是形容词性物主代词
;my mother's
是名词所有格。
在语法上，以上三个词是不能同时并存的，一般要用只能用其 中一个。所以
his
和
another=an+other
不同时出现。
在这里可以用但是用的不好，是因为语法的范围正在放宽松。
r
强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个，强调的是有三个以上。
加单数就表示一个，
his
取代
the
的位置。
9.★
距离的表达方式
:Pinhurst is five miles(away)(from Silbury).
Bus stop is only one mile (from school/here).
对距离提问：
How far...?
How far(away)is the bus stop?
10.★get a telephone:
安装电话
11.★carry:
带着，携着，意味着这个东西不会落地
I carry the bag.
take
则是着地：
I take my sister to the cinema.
12.★a great many=a great number of (+
可数名词复数
)
许多
a lot of
太简单了，把它放到一边吧，有舍才有得：
)
13.★
关于
way
的几个短语：
★in this way:
这样，以这种方式
in a friendly way
★by the way:
顺便说以声
(
口语开头，插入语，用来转移话题， 或使很严肃的问题
变得较随意
) btw,ILY
, TTYL,IDK,ASAP
★on the way(to):
在去
……
的途中
(
陈述句
)
on the way to school/the office;on the way home
I met Mary on my way to school.
我在去学校的路上遇到了玛丽。
2
1
★in a way:
从某种意义上来说，在某种程度上
In a way you are right.
从某种意义上说你是对的。
★in the way:
1
）
.
挡路：
Sorry,you are in the way.
但一般不需要说，只要说
Excuse me.
就行。
out of the way:
让路
如果那个人死活不给你让路，你说：
Get out of the way!
滚开
!
2
）
.=in this way
按照，以
……
方式：
记住一个句型：
I do...in the way you showed me.
eg:I fly the kite in the way you showed me.
但是
in the family way
不是以家庭的方式，而是指
have a baby.(PREGNANT)
★get one's own way:
随心所欲
语法
Grammar in use
1.
一般过去时与现在完成时
在表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时，要用一般过去时：
Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.
昨天，一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫斯特带到锡尔伯里。
在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个 动作并且对现在有影响时，
则要用现在完成时，
时
间状语可以是不特指的
no w, just
，或者是
for
引导的一段时间，或者不加任何时
间状语：
He has written a book.
他写了一本书。
…now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.
……
现在他刚在平赫斯特买下了另一个汽车修理部。
(
现在拥有
)
在一段文章中可以同时出现一般现在时、
一般过去时和 现在完成时。
因此，
要根
据具体情况灵活运用这些时态，体会它们之间的区别：
I
have
a
brother,
Tom.
He
is
an
engineer.
He
has
been
abroad
for
three
years
now.
Several days ago, I received a letter from him.
我有一个弟弟，名叫汤姆。他是位工
程师。他出国已
3
年 了。几天前我收到了一封他的来信。
体会句子中完成时态和过去时态的区别。
1. A: When did you have breakfast?
(ten minutes ago)
I had it ten minutes ago.
B: I’ve already had breakfast.
2. A: When did he leave?
(this morning) He left this morning.
B: He’s already left.
3. A: When did they go?
(a few minutes ago) They went a few minutes ago.
B: They’ve already gone.
4. A: When did you read this book? (last week)
I read it last week.
B: I’ve already read this book.
5. A: When did she write those postcards?
(last night)
B: She’s already written those postcards.
She wrote them last night.
2
2
6. A: When did they go their homework? (this afternoon)
B: They’ve already done their homework.
They did it this afternoon.
7. A: When did you take your holiday? (last August )
B: I’ve already taken my holiday.
I took it last August.
8. A: When did she make the beds. (a short time ago)
B: She’s already made the beds.
She made them a short time ago.
9. A: When did he send the letter?
(yesterday)
B: He’s already sent the letter.
He sent it yesterday.
10. A: When did you spend your money?
(this morning)
B: I’ve already spent my money.
I spent it this morning.
Lesson 6
Percy Buttons
珀西
·
巴顿斯
I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.
He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his
head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he
put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbor told me about him.
Everybody
knows
him.
His
name
is
Percy
Buttons.
He
calls
at
every
house
in
the
street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.
我刚刚搬进了大桥街的 一所房子。
昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门，
问我要一顿饭和一
杯啤酒。作为回报，那乞丐头 顶地倒立起来，嘴里还唱着歌。我给了他一顿饭。
他把食物吃完，又喝了酒。然后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里 走了。后来，一位邻居告
诉了我他的情况。大家都认识他，他叫珀西
.
巴顿斯。他每月 对这条街上的每户
人家光顾一次，总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒。
Word study
1.★beggar
n.
乞丐
beg v.
乞求，请求
I beg your pardon?
你可以说的再慢一点吗
ask for :
请求得到
beg for :
乞求得到
I begged her not to leave.
我乞求她不要离开我。
I have to beg a day off.
我得请一天的假。
I
want to ask for a two days’ leave.
They take anything they want,
对于想要的东西他们会不择手段地得到。
beg for sth
请求得到
Beggars can not be choosers.
饥不择食
2.★food
n.
食物
不可数
a lot of food
3.★pocket
n.
衣服口袋
2
3
inner pocket:
内口袋
jacket pocket
coat pocket
pocket book:
袖珍书
pocket dictionary:
袖珍词典
pocket pick:
车上的小偷
pocket money
：
(
小孩
)
零花钱
(
不是零钱，零钱是
change)
beer money:(
男人
)
零花钱
18
世纪，在小说里有时能 见到女人的零花钱是针线钱。但是随着时代的进步，
剩下的
money
都归女人管，所 以女人无零花钱。
关于
call
的几个短语：
call for
要求
The occasion calls for a cool head.
这种场合需要冷静的头脑。
call at+
地点
=visit someplace =call on sb
I will call on you.=I will call at your home.
call out=shout
大声喊
call in sb
招集和邀请
For the project,the government called in a lot of experts.
Expertise
n.
I call on my teacher once a week.
我每周去看一次老师。
She calls at the school every year.
她每年去学校探访一次。
a call of nature
内急
本性，天性，本能
answer the call of
响应
…
的号召
recall
（向后
+
召唤）
v.
回忆
Sorry
，
the subscriber you dialed is busy now/power off ,please redial later.
call a meeting
召集会议
call the roll
点名
Let’s call it a day
。
今天就到此为止吧。
call off
取消活动
= cancel
They called off the business for lack of credit.
由于信用问题，他们取消了这笔生意。
call sb=call up sb:
给某人打电话
call back:
回电话
-
Can you take a message for me?
如果不想让第三人知道，你可以说：
Can you tell him to call back?
5.★ask sb for sth:
问某人要什么东西
ask for
请求
< br>for
：为了这个目的去请求某人。
sb
更多的时候并不出现，而直接说
ask
for
sth,
因为强调的是东西而不是人。
eg:The boy asks (his parents)for money again/once more.
搬家，移动，感动，
move to
搬到
…
move out
搬出
…
moving
令人感到
.......
的
=touched’
a moving film
感人的电影
get move
行动起来
moved
感动的
He was deeply moved by her words.
他深深地被她的话打动了。
movable
可以移动的
2
4
mobile
可以移动的
mobile phone
手提电话
Motion
n.
motivate
v.
激励
motivation n.
动机
Import
export
transport
v.
运输
passport
transnational company
Portable
（
carry
）
便携式的
portable typewriter
手提式打字机
knock into/ bump into / run across
偶然碰到
I knocked into a long lost friend the other day.
有一天，我碰到一位失去联系多年的朋友。
knock out
击倒
Tyson was knocked out at the tenth round.
Tyson
在第十回合被击倒。
knockout
亮点，引人注目的人或事物
focus
spotlight
n
焦点
She is a knockout in that red dress.
她穿那套红色的连衣裙很打眼。
knock about / around
游荡，漂泊
The family knocked about for years before settled down in Beijing.
这家人四处漂泊了几年后在北京定居下来。
knock off
停止
,
压低价格
What time do you knock off?
你什么时候下班？
Knock 20% off the bill and I’ll take it.
优惠
20%
我就买。
return for this
：作为对什么的回报
（
this
在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情）
in return:
作为回报
in return for
作为报答
He doesn't want anything in return.
I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality.
hospitality: n.
热情
inhabitable =Inhospitable
adj.
I bought my wife a ring for valentine’s day and she bought me a suit in return.
情人节的时候我给妻子买了一枚戒指，
她给我买了一套西装。
I did all the washing and cleaning in return for his kind entertainment.
我洗碗扫地以报答他对我的款待。
on his head
：倒立
动词
+
介词
+
身体部位
lie on back
仰卧
lie on stomach
俯卧
lie on side
侧卧
get on one’s feet
站立
stand on one’s knees
跪
stand on one's hands:
用手着地
upside down
把东西倒立着放
right side up
把东西直立着放
about
2
5
to tell the truth
说实话
tell a truth
错
tell the fortune
算命
→fortune
-
teller
算命先生
tell a story
讲故事
→story
-
teller
讲故事的人
know right from wrong
知道对错
know of
了解，听说过
I know of Lei Feng but I don’t know him.
我知道雷锋的事迹，但是我不认识雷锋。
拓展：
well
-
known
著名的
=
famous
，
famed
，
distinguished
显著的
褒义的
notorious
adj.
贬义的
unknown
for unknown reasons
由于不知道的原因
knowledge
知识
knowledge
-
intensive
知识密集型的
knowledgeable
知识渊博的
=learned adj.
acknowledge
承认，答谢，
acknowledgement
know
-
how
窍门，实际知识
His business know
-
how is .
Excellence n.
excel v.
他的业务能力相当出色。
excel at =be good at=specialize in
some…others…
一些
…
另一些
…
Many people get to Las Vegas every year, some for gambling, others for sightseeing.
每年都有很多游客来拉斯维加斯，
有些是来赌博的，有些是来观光的。
some +
单数可数名词
“
某
……”
Some referee was arrested for bribe.
某位裁判由于受贿被逮捕。
some +
数词
“
大约
”
Some 200 passengers were killed in the air crash.
Car crash
拟声词
splash
泼，溅
大约有
200
名乘客在空难中丧生。
ast
早餐
lunch
中餐
supper
晚餐
dinner
正餐，宴会
luncheon
午宴
banquet
宴会
feast
酒席，大餐
night snack
消夜
barbecue
烧烤
BBQ
picnic
野餐
snack
快餐
cocktail party
鸡尾酒会
★
难点
1.
有些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义。< br>这种新的组合称作短语动
词。
如：
put
：放
put on:
穿
put off=postpone
take
：拿走
take off:
脱下
look
：看
look at:
看
;look for:
寻找
;look after:
照顾
;look out:
当心
Knock
knock at:
敲
knock off:1)
下班
He knocked off earlier.
2
6
2)knock sth off+
地点：从
……
把
……
撞倒
knock the vase off the table
3)
打折
knock 10% off the price
knock over
A car knocked the boy over.
[
注
]
如果有地点：
of f;
无地点：
over
knock out:
打晕
(
拳击术语，把人
****
在地
)
ody
作为主语一定作单数看待，属于不定代词
(something
important)
important meeting
所有的不定代词作主语一律为单数看待。
everybody,somebody, anybody,something,anything,everything
each/every
每一个
each:
强调个体
;
every
强调整体
every adj.+n.
每一个
(
书，本，人等
)
each adj.&pron.:each adj.+n; each pron.
直接作主语或者宾语
every person likes...
each person likes.../each likes...
every
不能做主语
;each
强调个体，使用第三人称单数
3.★
英语：
in the street
美语：
on the street
road
avenue
n.
大道
Block
n.
街区
v.
堵塞
ate the food and drank the beer. 1)
本句为由and
连接的并列句，
而且前后结构
完全一样，使得整句话颇有节奏感。
ody knows him.
该句话为什么使用一般现在时，而不用一般过去时？因
为该句话描述的有关这个
beggar
的一般情况。
a month
，次数
+
时间单位，表示每隔段时间的频率是多少。
once a month:
一个月一次
twice/ three times a day
five kilometers an hour
once a month:
每月一次，属于频率
对频率提问：
how often
提问
多久：
how long
提问次数：
how many times
特殊疑问词：
how
，
when
，
what
，
why
，
where
疑问词
+
助动词
+
主语
+
谓语动词？助动词（
be
动词， 情态动词，
do
）
When did you come to China last time?
What can I help you?
Are you coming with me ?
How many times do you visit your mother each month?
I visit my mother once a month.
How long do you visit your mother?
对时间提问
How often do you visit your mother?
对时间和次数提问
How soon
多久以后
How soon will you finish your Homework?
本文语法：冠词的用法（定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词）
语法归纳：
2
7
1
、
不定冠词：
a/an
泛指一个，
后加单数可数名词，
具有不确定性。
如：
a pen,
an egg
pens
< br>2
、定冠词：
the
特指一个，后加单、复数名词均可，一般具有确定性。如：
A dog is barking at me. The dog is black and white.
3
、
零冠词，
即不用冠词的情 况，
如人名和地名前面，
如：
John lives in London.
the united states
课文中含有冠词的例句及解析：
asked me for a meal and a glass of beer.
他向我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。
语言点
1
meal
前可加
a,
而
breakfast,
lunch,
supper
等前一般不直接加不定冠
词。
Have breakfast
冠词语法精讲：
1
不定冠词的用法
冠词本身不能单独使用，
也没有词义，
它用在名词的前面，
帮助指明名词的
含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种 是定冠词，另一种是不定冠词，还有一种是零
冠词。
不定冠词
a (an)
与数词
one
同源，是
一 个
的意思。
a
用于辅音音素前，一
般读作
[e]
， 而
an
则用于元音音素前，一般读做
[en]
。
1)
表示
一个
，意为
one;
指某人或某物，意为
a certain
。例如：
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
有位姓凌的先生在等你。
2)
代表一类人或物。例如：
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
刀是切割的工具。
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
史密斯先生是工程师。
3)
组成词组或成语，如
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many /
many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while
/ have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of a sudden
等。
2.2
定冠词的用法
定冠词
the
与指示代词this
，
that
同源，有
那
(
这
)
个
的意思，但意义较弱，
可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人 或东西。
1)
特指双方都明白的人或物。例如：
Take the medicine.
把药吃了。
2)
上文提到过的人或事。例如：
He bought a house.
I've been to the house.
他买了幢房子。
我去过那幢房子。
3)
指世上独一物二的事物，如
the sun
，
the sky
，
the moon
，
the earth
等。
4)
与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如
the dollar
美元
; the fox
狐狸
;
或与形容
词或分词连用，
表示一类人：
the rich
富人
; the living
生者。
the poor
the disabled
poverty
n.
贫穷
5)
用在序数词和 形容词最高级，及形容词
only
，
very
，
same
等 前面。例如：
基数词
one two three four
序数词
第一
第二
first
，
second
，
third
，
forth
Where do you live?
I live on the second floor.
你住在哪
?
我住在二层。
That's the very thing I've been looking for.
那正是我要找的东西。
The most beautiful girl
6)
与复数名词连用，指整个群体。例如：
2
8
They are the teachers of this school.(
指全体教师
)
They are teachers of this school.
(
指部分教师
)
7)
表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如：
She caught me by the arm..
她抓住了我的手臂。
8)
用在某些由普通名词构成的 国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。
例如：
the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国
The democratic Party
communist
the United States
美国
9)
用在表示乐器的名词
之前。例如：
She plays the piano.
她会弹钢琴。
10)
用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人。例如：
the Greens
格林一家人
(
或格林夫妇
)
11)
用在惯用语中。例如：
in the day, in the morning (afternoon
，
evening),
the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday,
the next morning,
in the sky (water
，
field
，
country)
in the dark,
in the rain,
in the distance,
in the middle (of),
in the end,
on the whole,
by the way,
go to the theatre
句型模仿
注意句子中名词的用法：
单数可数名词
1. I bought a book this morning.
Books aren’t very expensive.
2.I bought a bottle of milk this morning.
Milk isn’t very expensive.
3.I bought a pen this morning.
Pens aren’t very expensive.
4.I bought a bar of chocolate this morning.
Chocolate isn’t very expensive.
5.I bought a piece of cheese this morning.
Cheese isn’t very expensive.
6.I bought a postcard this morning.
Postcards aren’t very expensive.
7.I bought an umbrella this morning.
Umbrellas aren’t very expensive.
8.I bought a bottle of beer this morning.
Beer isn’t very expensive.
9.I bought a comb this morning.
Combs aren’t very expensive.
10.I bought a tine of tobacco this morning.
Tobacco isn’t very expensive.
2
9
〖语法精粹〗
can you___b____if you are not ____?
A. listening / hearing
B. hear / listening
C. be listening / hear
D. be hearing / listening to
listen
听
/hear
听见
如果你不听，怎么可能听见呢
?
be
不能加动词原形
;be+
-
ed/
-
ing
can+
动词原形
girl even won't have her lunch before she_D___her Homework.
finish
finishing
finished
es
主句
一般将来时
从句
一般现在时
won't=will not
状语从句中，用一般现在时取代将来时
.
（
who have applied for the post
）
__A__in the office.
being interviewed
interviewing
iewing
be interviewing
apply for
申请
applicant
n
。
application
n
who
在名词后面，引导定语从句
interview
面试
从句
(have applied for)
现在完成时，主句缺少谓语动词
being interviewed
被动
interviewing
主动
old scientist _C____to do more for the country.
wishing
been wishing.
been wished
合理不合情
scientist
科学家
;wish
希望
表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态
.
wish do
he___A___, don't wake him up.
sleeps
still sleeping
had been sleeping
be sleeping still
if——
一般用一般现在式
如果他在睡觉的话，不要吵醒他
1.
关键词
3
0
2.
上下文
3.
潜在含义
now
现在进行时
often,always
一般现在时
just,already
现在完成时
last week,last summer...
一般过去时
Lesson 7 Too late
为时太晚
The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were
expecting
a
valuable
parcel
of
diamond
from
South
Africa.
A
few
hours
earlier,
someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the
plane
arrived,
some
of
the
detectives
were
waiting
inside
the
main
building
while
others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried
it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two
others opened
the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and
sand!
飞机误点了，
侦探们在机场等了整整一 上午。
他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻
石的贵重包裹。数小时以前，有人向警方报告，说有人 企图偷走这些钻石。当飞
机到达时，
一些侦探等候在主楼内，
另一些侦探则守候在停机 坪上。
有两个人把
包裹拿下飞机，进了海关。这时两个侦探把住门口，另外两个侦探打开了包裹 。
令他们吃惊的是，那珍贵的包裹里面装的全是石头和沙子！
Word study
ive
n.
侦探
detective story
侦探小说
Science fiction/romantic novel(fiction)/historical fiction
Build a romantic relationship with sb
Fairy tale
Detect v.
发现；察觉；注意到
I detected something unusual here.
我觉得有什么不对劲。
You may detect danger anywhere in a jungle.
丛林里到处能感觉到危险。
Detect v.
---
detective
adj.
---
detection
n.
detectable
可以发觉的
t n.
机场
airport
航空港
passport
护照
→port
港口
3
1
import
进口
→im
-
进入
export
出口
→ex
-
向外
Transport
v.
运输
transportation system
n.
trans→
跨越距离
port→
运送，搬动
(carry)
transplant
移植
（换地方种植）
Organ donation
organ transplant
Organic
adj.
有机的
translate
翻译
（换语言表达）
trans
-
cultural communication
Transnational company
porter
搬运工
portable
便携式的，手提式的
portable computer
PC
personal computer
airfield
n.
飞机起落的场地
field
田野
;
airfield
停机坪
at the airport
on the airfield
v.
预料，预计，期望，等候
except
除
……
之外
I think so.
I expect so.
我希望如此
[
口语
]
expect do sth.
期待某人做某事
We expected you to come yesterday.
我们原以为你昨天到。
expect sth.
及物动词：
I expect your letter.
Parents always expect much of their children.
父母往往对孩子有很高的期望。
Mr. Wang is expecting you.
王先生在等候您呢。
wait for sth./wait for sb.
不及物动词
expect:
心理上的等待
wait for:
动作上的等待
I wait for my mother.
I expect my mother to come back.
expected
预期的
expectant
期待的，怀有希望的
The expectant fans are waiting for the superstar.
追星族热切地等待大明星的到来。
expectancy
预期，期待
life expectancy
寿命
expectation
n.
期望
We should try our best to live up to our parents’ expectation.
1).n.
价值
Your advice is of great value=valuable
你的建议很有价值。
Of great importance=important
2). v.
估价；定价
He valued the ring at $$80.
他估计这枚戒指值
80
美元。
3). v.
尊重；珍视
I value your advice.
我尊重你的劝告。
3
2
evaluate
评价
→evaluat ion
--
appraise
--
estimate
devalue
贬值，跌价
decouraging market
valuable
贵重的
=precious
★valuable
adj.
贵重的
★precious
adj.
珍贵的
valuable/ precious
precious
带有感情色彩，是真心喜欢的
如：
precious photo
珍贵的照片
如果不谈感情，
valuable
和
precious
是一样的。
priceless
adj.
-
less
表否定
;
没有价格的，无价的
(price
价格
;)
valueless adj.
没有价值，不足道的
worth
值：
worthless adj.
无价值的
Penniless
adj.
身无分文的
d
n.
钻石
precious stone
宝石
crystal
水晶
;
jade
玉
sapphire
蓝宝石
ruby
红宝石
diamond ring
钻石戒指
v.
偷
steal,stole,stolen
1).
偷窃
2).
悄悄地动
,
静静地流
steal into the room
潜入房间
steal away
溜掉
Mist stole over the valley.
雾悄悄地把整个山谷笼罩起来。
The years steal by.
岁月不知不觉地过去了。
The feeling steals upon me.
我不知不觉产生了这种感情。
3).
偷偷地做某事
The young man stole a kiss on the girl’s face.
小伙子偷偷地在姑娘的脸上亲了一口。
The kid stole a punch on my back and ran away.
小孩子偷偷地在我背上打了一拳就跑了。
文化点睛：
在中国，
认为在不知道的情况下是
“
偷
”
，
明目张 胆的就是
“
抢
”
。
而英语不区分。
我们说
“
我的钱包被偷了
”
和
“
我被偷了
”
是一个字， 而在英语里是两个词。
My wallet was stolen.
I was robbed.
robber
steal sth
偷
(
某物
);
rob sb
抢
(
某人
)
跟地点相连也用
rob
：
rob the bank
adj.
主要的
main
永远不修饰人，不能说
main person
Dessert
appetite
r
Bon appe?tite
！
Bon voyage!
C’est
La vie!
3
3
main course
主菜
the main street
主街道
main building
主楼
mainframe
主机箱，主机
framework
n.
框架
main idea
主旨
v.
守卫
n .
an honor guard
the guard of honor
仪仗队
bodyguard
保镖
life guard
救生员
Safeguard
舒肤佳
be on guard
提防，警戒
be off guard
疏忽，不防备
keep guard,
守望，警戒，与
stand guard(
站岗，放哨
)
意思相近
介词短语作后置定语
A beautiful girl
Something valuable
diamonds from South Africa
从南非来的钻石
a man with glasses
戴眼镜的男人
a girl in red
穿红色衣服的女孩
to one’s+
表示情感的名词，表示
“
令
…
感到
…”
To their surprise, the so
-
called investor is a swindler.
令他们吃惊的是，那个所谓的投资商是骗子。
To his disappointment, the expected party was called off.
令他失望的是，他期待的聚会取消了。
like
-
dislike
Can i have a date with you?
Make an appointment with
Much to her delight, she got the job.
令她高兴的是
,
她得到了那份工作。
To my relief, the course is going on well.
我感到宽慰的是，课程进展顺利。
to one's joy
to one's dismay
沮丧
to one's excitement
be full of ...
装满
My bag was full of books.
The cup is full of water.
句型模仿：注意两句合并的时候
as
的用法
表示
“
正当
……
的时候
”
。
1.A: He was getting into the bath.
Then someone knocked at the door.
B: Just as he was getting into the bath, someone knocked at the door.
Someone knocked at the door as he was getting into the bath
。
2.A
：
She was getting off the bus.
Then she slipped and hurt her foot.
3
4
B: Just as she was getting off the bus, she slipped and hurt her foot.
she slipped and hurt her foot as she was getting off the bus.
3.A: They were leaving the house.
Then the postman arrived.
B: Just as they were leaving, the postman arrived.
4.A:I was going upstairs.
Then the telephone rang.
B: Just as I was going upstairs, the telephone rang.
5.A: We were getting into the car.
Then it began to rain.
B: Just as we were getting into the car, it began to rain.
6.A: I was finishing my breakfast. Then Aunt Lucy arrived.
B: Just as I was finishing my breakfast, Aunt Lucy arrived.
7. A: We were going to bed. Then someone knocked at the door.
B: Just as we were going to bed, someone knocked at the door.
8.A:
I
was
buying
a
ticket.
Then
the
train
came
into
the
station.
B:
Just
as
I
was
buying a ticket, the train came into the station.
9.A: She was shutting the door. Then the baby woke up.
B: Just as she was shutting the door, the baby woke up.
10.A: He was crossing the road. Then he saw the accident.
B: Just as he was crossing the road, he saw the accident.
一般过去时与现在完成时
共同点：动作在过去都做过了。
区别：过去式只能强调过去的事，和现在没有任何关系。
I ate a piece of bread.
现在完成时，过去的事情对现在产生的影响。
I have eaten a piece of bread this morning.I'm not hungry.
The clock stopped.
陈述事实
The clock has stopped.
过去的事实对现在造成影响
It snowed yesterday.
It has snowed yesterday.
强调对现在造成影响
重点：过去动作同时发生的时态
过去进行时：过去进行时，一般过去时
瞬间动词
(arrive)
无进行时态
I am arriving
1.
过去两个动作同时发生，< br>习惯上一个用一般过去时，
另一个用过去进行时
;
动作
长用过去进行时 ，动作短用一般过去时
;
When he arrived,I was having dinner.
同时发生的两个动作，均用过去进行时
2.
分工的情况，动作的开始时间和结束时间几乎相同，均用过去进行时
;
I was listening to the radio,my sister was dancing.
When I was doing my Homework,my mother was cooking.
When my mother was doing the housework,my father was watching TV
.
2.
两个动作在同时段进行，在不同时间结束，先发生的动作未结束，另一个动作
3
5
发生，先发生的动作用进行时态，另一个动作用过去时
.
When the telephone rang,I was opening the door.
先开门
When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door.
电话先响
3.
瞬间动词没有进行时态，所 以两个动作同时发生，延续性动词用进行时态，瞬
间动词使用过去时态。
Lesson 8 The best and the worst
最好的和最差的
Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for
'The
Nicest
Garden
Competition'
each
year,
but
Joe
wins
every
time.
Bill
Frith's
garden is larger than Joe's.
Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and
vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built
a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every
year
I
enter
for
the
garden
competition
too,
and
I
always
win
a
little
prize
for
the
worst garden in the town!
乔
.
桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。几乎每个人都参加每年举办的
“最佳花园
竞赛
”
，而每次都是乔获胜。比尔
.
弗里斯的花园比乔 的花园大，他比乔也更为勤
奋，
种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，
但乔的花园更富有情趣。< br>他修筑了一条条整洁的
小路，
并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。
我也喜欢花园，
但我却不愿意辛勤劳动。
每年的花园竞赛我也参加，但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖！
Why is Joe's garden the most beautiful one in the town?
1.★competition n.
比赛，竞赛（暗地里的竞争）
compete with sb
compete for sth
He competes with others for the first prize in the race.
他在赛跑中和别人争第一名。
competitive examinations
选拔考试
competitive prices
有竞争力的价格
Competitive advantages
竞争优势
参考词汇：
所有的比赛都可以通称为
competition
速度比赛：
race
race
球赛：
match
ll match
contest n.
比赛（更广泛）
用的更多，除了以上的比赛，都可以说
contest
baby contest
宝宝大赛；
beauty contest
选美
game :
游戏
,
运动
2.★neat adj.
整洁的
,
整洁的，井井有条
clean adj.
干净的
neat=tidy
v.
Girls always keep their rooms neat while boys always
have messy ones.
女孩的房间
通常整洁而男孩的房间多数凌乱。
a neat answer
巧妙的回答
a neat speech
简练的发言
neat weight
净重
gross weight
a neat figure
匀称的身材
Neatly
adv.
neatness
n.
3
6
近义参考词汇：
tidy, clean, trim
反义参考词汇：
dirty, untidy
，
messy
3.★path
n.
小路，小径
path, lane, drive, avenue, road, highway, way(
仅供参考
)
path
一般指小道，小径，特别是林间或田间小径，
而且通常是由人走出来的，而不是修筑的。
The path cuts across the forest.
这条小路穿过树林。
Short cut
捷径
He made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.
他修筑了几条整齐的小路，并且在池子上架起了一座木桥。
lane
巷子，也指宽阔街道上的车道
Its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been
kept away from the living areas.
宽阔的马路有十四条车道，都远离生活区。
He walked along the country lane.
他走在乡间的小径上。
drive
一般表示私人住宅前专为私人的车子而铺设的车道，也指游览
车在游览区
行驶的小路。
The car entered the gate and stopped at the end of the drive.
车子进了大门，在车道的尽头停了下来。
avenue
指的是城市中宽阔的大街或者林荫道。
He is staying at the Fifth Avenue.
他住在第五大道。
road
指市区外车辆或马匹行走的道路。
Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.
今年年底，工人们将要修筑好新的马路。
highway
指来往车辆多的公路。
A highway bridge is being built over the river.
那条河上正在修筑一座公路桥。
way
和
road
的含义相同，但多出现在某些习惯语中。
He lives across the way.
他住在马路的对面。
I lost my way in the heavy fog.
我在大雾中迷路了。
On the way, a young man waved to me.
在途中有个年轻人向我招手。
This is the way to the station.
这是通向火车站的路。
to pave the way for
为
…
铺平道路。
He went that way.
他向那个方向走去了。
He is always in my way.
他总是碍我的事。
A man came in my way.
一个人向我走来。
4.★wooden
adj.
木头的
wooden, golden, woolen , leaden
表示材料或者颜色的形容词
a wooden cupboard
木质橱柜
golden years
金色年华
woolen sweater
羊毛毛衣
leaden sky
灰色的天空
lead
n.
铅
3
7
5.★pool
n.
水池
人工的
swimming pool
Pond
池塘
天然的
Golden Pond
and Enter for
enter
★ vt.&vi.
进入
Enter+
地点名词
Always knock on the door before you enter.
★ vt.&vi.
参加，加入
We’ve entered into an agreement.
我们已达成一项协议。
He soon entered their conversation.
enter for
表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词
报名参加
,
强调报名
enter for the exam
She entered (her name/herself) for the mathematics competition.
她报名参加数学竞
赛。
take part in
真正的参加
sign up for
报名参加
enlist in
报名参加
1) Will you enter ___for___ this week's crossword competition?
Crossword
文字游戏
2)Many
athletes
have
entered
___for___
the
Olympic
Games
this
year.
(athletes
=
sportsman
运动员
,
体育家
)
Olympus
--
Olympic
n.
Titan
----
titanic
adj.
巨大的
:
赢
（
won
，
won
）
I win.
I lose
win
-
win situation
双赢局面
win something
I win the book.
I win the gold cup
win
后面往往是奖品
win a prize:
赢得了一个奖
win a prize for:
因为
...
而获奖
win
不能接对手
打败：
defeat+
对手
I defeat you.
和
almost
意义相似，表示
“
几乎
”
、
“
差不多
”
、
“
差点儿
”
的意思。
I have nearly forgotten his name.
我差点把他的名字忘了。
I’m nearly/almost ready.
我快预备好了。
Frith's garden is larger than Joe's.
的
名词加
-
’s
表示所属关系，构成名词的所有格。这类 名词往往指有生命的东西，
非凡是人。
a map of China
< br>所有格的语法作用相当于形容词，
限定后面的名词。
这个被限定的名词在上下文
中第二次被提到时可以省略，只要不引起误解。
He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.
和
build
在这里是同义词，
“
修建，建造
”
。
make
的词义比较笼统、广泛，
可解释为
“
做、作出、制造
”
等，而
build
主要限于建筑业，指
“
建造，建设，盖房
子，修筑（桥梁）等
”
Have you made the skirt by yourself?
They have made a road along the river.
3
8
著名的
“
清华大学科学馆门牌
”
的 新闻，就与
U
和
V
的渊源相关
——
曾经北京市
《京 华时报》登出了一篇文章，文章称清华大学科学馆的门牌上英文名称
“SCIENCE
BUILDING”
被写成
“SCIENCE
BVILDING”
，被一名游客发现后，反
映给媒体，
引起人们关于应不应该把
“
错写的
”“BVILDING”
该回来的争论。
当然，
没有英语词源学常识的人肯定会对于 这里的
“BVILDING”
大惊小怪，他们怎么能
接受一个司空见惯的单词竟然与他 们的初中教材上写的不一样呢？怎么能够接
受与他们随身携带的电子词典呢屏幕上现实的拼写不一样呢？ 殊不知，
你们的英
语教材和电子词典不也是
“
人
”
印刷出版 的嘛！只要是
“
人
”
就会犯错楼！其实，在
古英语当中，建筑物的书 写方式正是
“BVILDING”
，只是后来有人信手写来才错
写成
“U”< br>，后来以讹传讹写成了今天反而登堂入室的
“BUILDING”
呢！难道，清
华大学科技馆历史如此悠久？竟然修建于字母
U
诞生（公元十世纪）之前？当
然不是， 其实它修建于
1917
年（年轻着呢），只是因为清华大学科技馆想让后
人钦慕它的古 老的建筑魅力，
才在各个地方尽其所能地标榜古色古香的风范，
故
意写成古体字来包装 自己。
U
代替
V
，能元能辅，给现代英语贡献了很多新的单
词
——
revolve
／
v.
There is something wrong for the bike for the wheels fail to revolve when in motion.
猜一猜
A.
旋转
B.
启动
C.
运转
D.
滑动
翻译：：：
自行车有点毛病，因为轮子不转动。
前缀
re
反复，词根
volve“
转动
”
。反复转动即旋转。
volvo
Revolution
n.
旋转，革命
★
讲词
★ “revolu
-
”
演变自单词
“re volve
-
旋转
”
，
t
-
衔接字母，
i on
-
名词后缀
——
旋转，
后由
“
旋转
”
演变为
“
改变、转变
”
，最终引申为
“
革命
”
（革命就是
“
转变
”
命运）
★
回答疑疑
★
为什么
“revolve”
发音变成
“revolu
-
”
的形式
—
因为
“v”不衔接任何辅音字母，
只有换成它最亲近的元音
“u”
才能继续拼接辅音字
母
——
足见字母的
“u”
的卓越贡献
★
回答难难
★
那又为什么
“revolve”
是
“
旋转
”
呢
——“volve
-
”
是拟声词根，< br>
★
其发音在模仿生活中物体旋转时发出的声音
“vo~vo~”
（和 著名的汽车沃尔沃
volvo
的命名创意如出一辙）
还有那些是
volve
词根衍化出来的单词呢？
Involve
v.
卷入，连累（
in
进入
+volv+e→
转进去
→
卷入）
volume
n.
卷，册（
vol+ume→
卷
→
一卷书）
evolve
v.
发展，进化（
e
出
+volv+e→
转出来
→
发展，进化）
evolution n
进化，发育（
e+volut+ion
）
Key structures
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
比较级相当于汉语中
“
比
……
更
……”
这种句型，最高级则表示在某个范围
“
最
… …”
的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词
the
，并有一个短语或从
句限定其范围。
1
、比较级和最高级的构成：
★
单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加
-
er
，
-
est
，以辅 音加
-
y
结尾的词变
-
y
为
-
i
，
再加
-
er
，
-
est
Smarter
smartest
★
以
-
e
结尾的词加
-
r
，
-
st
3
9
★
以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母，再 加
-
er
，
-
est
★
三个或者是三个音节以上（多音节）
比较级的构成
:
more
原级
more
beautiful
,
最高级的构成
:
the
most
原级
the most beautiful
有一些双音节词既可在单词结尾加
-
er
，< br>-
est
，
也可与
more/less
和
most/ least
连用，
如
narrow
，
clever
，
common
，
pleasant
等。
clever— cleverer— more clever
fun adj.
快乐
funner
more fun
（美国人用）
A sea of information
a sea of faces
★
有些构成是不规则的：
good/well(better, best)
；
bad/ill(worse, worst)
many/much(more, most)
；
little(less, least)
；
far(farther, further , farthest
，
furthest)
（
fart her:
距离上的远和更远，
further:
程度上的更进一步）
Further study
深造
further more(
更有甚者
)
old(older
，
elder, oldest eldest)
older
比
……
大
She is older than somebody
elder
做定语修饰其他名词
elder sister (
年长的
)
姐姐
2
、比较级和最高级的用法
在使用比较级时，
假如需要把所比较 的两项都提到，
那么就必须比较级后用
than
：
My room is cleaner than the one next door.
假如比较级之所指很清楚，它可独立存在：
Which house do you prefer?
I prefer the older one.
< br>最高级的限定范围一般用
of
，
among
，
in
等 介词短语；限定范围也可以是从句；
假如范围很清楚，则可以省略。
John is the tallest of the three brother.
This is the coldest day in ten years.
Mary is the most intelligent person I’ve ever met.
【
Special Difficulties
】
every
构成的合成词
every
和
one
，
body
，
thing
可以构成复合不定代词
everyone< br>，
everybody
，
everything
。
Every one
和
everybody
一般可以替换使用，后面的代词既可以用单数，也可以用
复数，但它们本身均被视为单数。
Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to do.
=Everyone/Everybody
knows
what
they
have
to
do.
每个人都知道自己必须做什
么。
Everything is going well.
一切都很顺利。
each
和
ever y
均可译为
“
每一个
”
，两者常可互换。
every
只能是形容词性，强调
整体，
常用来指一个大的、
不确定的数目，
不能直接 做主语；
each
既可作形容词，
又可作代词，强调个体，常用以一个确定的并通常是 有限的数目，在作代词时，
直接作主语或宾语，使用第三人称单数
Every/Each time I wash the car it rains.
【
Multiple choice questions
】
4
0
1. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. It is ___B___ .
A. larger garden
B. a large garden
C. large garden
D. largest garden
2. The writer is fond of gardens. ___C___ .
A. They like him
B. They like to him
C. He likes them
D. He likes
be fond of=like
I like sth./ I love sth./ I enjoy sth./I am fond of sth.
3. Joe wins every time. He always ___B___ Bill Frith.
A. Wins
B. beats
C. gains
D. earns
对手关系不能用
win
defeat v.
击败
defeat sb.
beat v.
打败；打
gain =get sth.
earn vt.
挣得
earn money
4. Joe grows more flowers. More flowers ___A___ in his garden.
A. grow
B. grow tall
C. grow up
D. grow big
grow vt.
种植
:
grow sth;
grow flowers…
vi.
生长
: sth. grow; flowers are growing
grow tall/grow big
变得
……
（一般不加形容词）
grow up
只和
人连用
,
表示人的长大（
up adv.
表示向上）
5. Joe's garden is interesting. Joe is ___D___ in gardening.
A. Interesting
B. interest
C. interestingly
D. interested
sth. is interesting ……
是令人感爱好的
be interested in…
对
……
感爱好
6. The writer doesn't like hard work. It's __B___ to look after a garden.
A. a hard work
B. a hard job
C. hard job
D. hardly a job
it
作形式主语
;
真正的主语是
to look after the garden
hard work
繁重的工作
work
不可数名词；
job
可数名词
hardly adv.
几乎不
Have you understood me?
Sorry, I have hardly understood you.
year the writer enters for the garden competition ___B___ .
A. Very
B. also
C. and
D. either
very
不单独使用；
and
并列连词
,
不放在句子末尾；
either
也
,
表否定
also
表示也
,
可以放在句子末尾；
often
可以放在句子末尾
句型模仿
1.A: Jane is shorter than Mary.
B: I don’t agree with you. I think she’s taller.
2.A: Mary’s handwriting is better than Jane’s.
B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s worse.
3.A: Betty’s dress is less expensive than Jane’s.
B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s more expensive.
4.A: Joe is taller than Bill.
B: I don’t agree with you. I think she’s shorter.
4
1
5.A: Bill’s garden is worse than Joe’s.
B:I don’t agree with you. I think it’s better.
6.A: Joe’s garden is less interesting than Bill’s.
B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s more interesting.
7.A: Bill’s garden is smaller than Joe’s.
B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s larger.
8.A: Jane’s collection of photo is bigger than Betty’s.
B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s smaller.
9.A: Joe’s garden is less beautiful than Bill’s.
B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s more beautiful.
10.A: This book is less exciting than that one.
B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s more exciting.
Lesson 9 A cold welcome
冷遇
On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and
a
large
crowd
of
people
had
gathered
under
the
Town
Hall
clock.
It
would
strike
twelve in twenty minutes' time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the
clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing
happened.
Suddenly
someone
shouted,
'It's
two
minutes
past
twelve! The
clock
has
stopped!'
I
looked
at
my
watch.
It
was
true.
The
big
clock
refused
to
welcome
the
New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.
星期三的晚上，我们去了市政厅。
那是一年的最后 一天，一大群人聚集在
市政厅的大钟下面。再过
20
分钟，大钟将敲响
12< br>下。
15
分钟过去了，而就在
11
点
55
分时，大钟 停了。那根巨大的分针不动了。
我们等啊等啊，可情况没
有变化。突然有人喊道：< br>“
已经
12
点零
2
分了！那钟已经停了！
”
我看了一下我
的手表，果真如此。那座大钟不愿意迎接新年。此时，大家已经笑了起来，同时
唱 起了歌。
★ New words and expressions
1.★welcome n.v.
欢迎
★ n.
欢迎
a cold welcome
冷遇
★ v.
欢迎
welcome to+
地点
welcome to China
；
welcome to my home
；
welcome home
；
welcome back
★ adj.
受欢迎的
You are welcome.
You are welcome to+
地点
cold fish
冷漠的人
My brother is a cold fish.
英语中有许多以动物代替人的词，如：
lucky dog
幸运的人
Love me,love my dog
underdog
Every dog has its day.
2.★crowd n.
人群
★ n.
人群
in the crowd
在人群中
I spotted him in the crowd.
我在人群中一眼就认出了他
a crowd of people
一群人，没有次序的人群
,
拥挤的人群
4
2
a group of people
一群人，有次序的人群
★ v.
拥挤
,
挤满
a large crowd of people
一大群人
crowds of people
许多人
,
人山人海
crowded
拥挤的
follow the crowd
随大流
crowd into
涌进
be crowded with
挤满，充满，满是
The bus was crowded with passengers.
公共汽车里挤满了乘客。
表示群体的短语构成和理解
a crowd of
an army of
a cloud of
a group of
a fleet of
a party of
a gang of
a stream of
A fleet of laptops and smart phones
3.★gather v.
聚集
★ vt.
使集拢，集合，召集
He gathered a large crowd of people round him.
★vt
收集，采集，收（庄稼等）
to gather information
搜集资料
gather crops
收庄稼
The children are out in the field gathering flowers.
孩子们在外面地里采花。
It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books.
收集所有这些书花了我一辈子的时间。
★ vi.
集拢，聚集，集合
They gathered under the Town Hall clock.
people gathered
人们聚集在一起
,
尤指自发性的聚集
gather one's brows
皱眉
eyebrow
chin
jaw
4.★hand n.(
表或机器的
)
指针
minute/second/hour hand:
分
/
秒
/
时针
Which is the oldest?
--
second hand
因为
second hand
还有
“
二手的，旧的
”
意思
wait for a moment/wait for a few seconds(secs.)
secs.
是
seconds
的缩写，在美国电影里经常能遇到
5.★refuse
v.
拒绝
★ vt.
拒绝（接受、服从等）
She refused the gift.
★ vt.
拒不，不肯，不愿
John refused to change his mind.
约翰拒不改变主意。
★ vi.
拒绝，不接受
I offered to pay him for his help, but he refused.
对于他的帮助我提出给他报酬，但他拒绝了。
Reject
turn down
6.★shout v.
喊叫
call out
大声喊叫
cry out
大声哭喊
scream
尖叫
7.★strike
v.
打，击；敲，弹（钟，乐器等）
过去式
----
一般过去时
4
3
过去分词
完成式
---
完成时态，被动语态
★ v.
打，击
She struck the man in the face.
★ v.
敲，弹（钟，乐器等）
strike the clock
（人）敲钟
clock strike
钟自己响
Listen, the clock is striking.
strike twelve
数字表示敲击的次数
beat
：连续不断的打
beat drums:
敲鼓
敲门用
knock
，敲钟用
strike
hit
和
strike
在一定时候可以互换，都是一次性打，
strike:hit hard
语法
s'
名词所有格，用来表达时间
名词所有格表示时间或距离
It will leave in five minutes' time.
in twenty(minutes' time)
名词所有格可省略
an hour's time
How far is the school from here?
3 minutes' walk.
三分钟路程。
n minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped.
… minutes pass …
几点过几分（前半小时，
pass
过了）
25 minutes passed eight
… minutes to …
几点过几分（后半小时，
to
还没到）
a quarter to nine/15 minutes to nine
时刻指点时间
,
时间指段时间。时刻前的介词用
at
…(some time) passed and then, sth. happened
…
时间过去了，
…
An hour passed and then, he arrived.
一个小时过去了，他终于来了。
…minutes later
几分钟以后
waited and waited, but nothing happened.
waited and waited
等啊等啊
,
强调动作的重复
（
walked and walked
；
run and run
）
vi.
事情做主语
,
事情发生
What happened?
Nothing happened.
5
、
It was true.
It was true that+
从句
…
是一个事实
6
、
The big clock refused to welcome the New Year.
refuse to do sth.
拒绝去做某事
I refuse to leave.
我拒绝离开
I refuse to move.
我拒绝移动
7
、
At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.
at that moment = just then
就在那时
at the moment = now
现在
,
此刻
,
在此时
【
Key structures
】
4
4
引导时间状语的介词
in/on/at/duri ng/till
与
until
1
、用
in
的时间短语有：
★
表示一天中的某段时间：
in the morning
；
in the afternoon
；
in the evening
★
表示周、月份、年份：
in a week
；
in January
；
in Feb
；
in 1992
★
表示季节：
in summer
；
in spring
；
in autumn
；
in winter
in+
表示时间长度的短语可以表示
在某段时间之内< br>
，这时可以与现在时、
过去时或将来时连用，一般与完成某动作有关；还可译为
时间之后
，一般
与将来时连用。根据时态判别
in
表示的含 义。
in twenty minutes' time
20
分钟之后
We will finish class in half an hour.
2
、用
on
的时间短语有：
★
表示星期：
on Monday
；
on Friday
★
表示日期：
on June 1st
；
on 23rd March
（在书写日期时没有冠词，但在口语中
则分别读为：
on June the first
；
on the 23rd of March
）
The apple
the chair
★
表示星期
+
日期：
on Monday, June 1st
★
表示具体时间：
on Wednesday evening
；
on fine afternoon
；
on that day
3
、用
at
的时间短语有：
★
表示确切的时间：
at five to twelve
；
at ten o'clock
★
表示用餐时间：
at lunch/dinner time
；
at teatime
★
表示其他时刻：
at night
；
at noon
；
at midnight
；
at that time
Fortnight
十四夜
4
、
during
在
……
期间，
后必须跟一个名词，
可以指整 个一段时间，
有时可以用
in
替代
He has phoned four times during the last half hour.
I met him sometime during the week.
（不能用
in
代替）
我是在这一周的某天遇
到他的。
during the holiday
强调假期的从头到尾
He enjoyed himself during his holiday.
in
the
holiday
强调这段时间其中某一点时间
,
并不表示自始至终
I
was
caught in an accident in the holiday.
5
、
from…till…
指一段明确的时间：
The tourist season runs from June till October.
6
、
until
prep.&coin.
直到
……
时候，直到什么时候为止
,
直到什么时候才
< br>until
主句和从句两个都用一般过去时对
(
最习惯的一种用法
),
主句和从句任何一
个用过去完成是也对。
I can't enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow.
I had not understood the problem until he explained it.
We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work.
We didn't disturb him until he had finished work.
We didn't disturb him until he finished work.(
更习惯于这种用法
)
7
、
from…to…
Everyday we have English class from 8:30 to 11:30
4
5
关于时间表示方法
: What's the time?/What time is it?
A
整点
: A o'clock
A
点
B
分（
B<30
）
: A B / B past A
A
点
15
分
:
A fifteen / fifteen past A / a quarter past A
A
点
30
分
:
A thirty / half past A
A
点
B
分
(B>30) :
A B / (60
-
B) to (A+1)
A
点
45
分
:
A forty
-
five / a quarter to (A+1) / fifteen to (A+1)
【
Special Difficulties
】
Any
，
Not...Any and No
any
用于否定句和疑问句中
, some
用于肯定句
(
或要求得到肯定回答的疑问句
)
Do you have any friends?
I don't have any friends.
not
用在非实义动词后面
,
实义动词前面
.
not any=no
用在名词前面，
no
比
not any
的语气要强，
但这两种否定的意义
是相同的。
I have no friends.
no
可构成复合词
nobody
，
none
，
nothing
，
nowhere
；
any< br>可构成复合词
anybody
，
anything
和
anyw here
。
在一个句子中通常只能有一个否定词（包括
never
，
hardly
等词）
【
Multiple choice questions
】
The people ___a___ under the Town Hall clock.
a. were
c. is
d. be
people:
人们
,
做主语一定是复数
police
，
cattle
是集合名词，用复数
How many times did the clock ___d___ ?
a. hit
b. beat
c. knock
d. strike
敲门用
knock
；敲钟用
strike
hit
（轻）和
strike
（重
hit hard)
在一定的时候可以互换，一般表示打一下。
beat
v.
连续不断的打
beat drums
敲鼓
It refused to welcome the New Year. It ___c___ .
a. denied it
b. wanted to
c. didn't want to
d. wished to
deny
v.
否认
,
拒绝去承认
,
后面一般加名词
deny the fact
I denied that I had stolen the bicycle.
refuse
v.
拒绝
refuse to do sth.
I refused to steal the bicycle.
一、
on Wednesday evening
表示
“
在中午、下午、晚上
”
的时候通常
在
morning
，
afternoon, evening
这些词前面
4
6
用介词
in
，但是如果这些词有定语的时候则
用
on
，例如：
on the evening of yesterday
在昨天晚上（
of yesterday
是
evening
的后置定语）
二、
in < br>和
after
表示
“
在
…
时间之后
”
时可以互换
in twenty minutes’ time
（不可，注意
time
）
=in/ after twenty minutes
三、词的叠加：被叠加的是单个的词时
wait and wait
等啊等
walk on and on
走啊走
better and better
越来越好
more and more beautiful
越来越漂亮
句型模仿：
1.A: When did he leave?
Eight o’clock.
B: He left at eight o’clock.
2.A: When did you visit your grandmother? 1996.
B:I visited my grandmother in 1996.
3.A: When did he arrive?
This morning.
B: He arrived in the morning.
4.A: When did you see him?
Wednesday.
B: I saw him on Wednesday.
5.A: When did she come here?
August the twenty
-
fourth.
B: She came here on August the twenty
-
fourth.
6.A: When did you meet him?
This afternoon.
B: I met him in the afternoon.
7.A: When did he go to the office?
Half past eight.
B: He went to the office at half past eight.
8.A: When did you buy that dress? Friday
B: I bought that dress on Friday.
9.A: When did he teach you English? 1994.
B: He taught me English in 1994.
10.A: When did you lend him that book?
The thirteenth of April.
B: I lent him that book on the thirteenth of April.
Lesson 10
Not for jazz
不适于演奏爵士乐
We have an old
musical
instrument.
It
is
called
a clavichord(
翼琴
).
It was made in
Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living
-
room. It has belonged to our
4
7
family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.
Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys
too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not
allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.
我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是
1681
年德国造的。我们的这架古钢 琴
存放在起居室里。
我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，
是我祖父在很多年以前 买的。
可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，
因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。
她在击琴键时用力过猛 ，
损坏了两根琴弦。
我父亲大为吃惊，
不许我们再动它。
父亲的一个朋友正在 修理
这件乐器。
★New words and expressions
1.★musical adj.
音乐的
muses
music student:the student who learned music
musical student:
有音乐天赋的
He is a musical talent.
他是音乐天才
A piano is the only musical instrument here.
这里唯一的乐器是一架钢琴。
She is very musical.
她酷爱音乐。
She has a very musical voice.
她的声音很动听。
musical box
八音盒
musical chairs
抢椅子游戏
2.★instrument n.
乐器
instrument=musical instrument
instrument
常用的意思是
“
器械
”
、
“
器具
”
，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。也可用来
泛指各种乐器。
3.★jazz
n.
爵士音乐
a kind of music
4.★clavichord
n.
古钢琴
a kind of instrument
不是现代的
piano
keep a dog
养狗
keep a shop
开店
keep a house
治家
Keep off the grass.
勿踏草地。
keep
（
on
）
doing =do sth repeatedly
一直做某事，不停做
……
A young man and a young woman kept talking behind me.
一对青年男女在我后面不停地说话。
keep sb doing
The coach kept the players running for a whole hour.
教练让队员们跑了整整一个小时。
keep in touch with
保持联系
keep pace with
保持同步，保持联系
get in touch
取得联系
6.★key
n.
琴键
1).
琴键
the keys of a piano
4
8
2).
钥匙：
the key to the door
the way to school
3).
答案
:Do you know the key to the question?
4
）
.
关键
: key structure
key points
要点
7.★recently adv.
最近
recently=lately
in those days = at that time
当时
in these days
现在
8.★damage v.
损坏
（通常可以修复或者恢复）
★ n.
损害，损失，伤害
The storm has done a lot of damage to the village.
★ vt.
损害，毁坏，损坏
The car was badly damaged in the accident.
Adj
严重的，非常的
Injure
受伤
destroy
毁坏，毁灭
程度更重
9.★shock v.
使不悦或生气
,
震惊
★ v.
使不悦或生气
,
震动
跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是
“
人
” (
以物为主语
)
The news shocks me.
这个消息使我震动
★ adj.
令人震动的
It is shocking.
★ adj.
感到震动
凡是能够用
“
人
”
做宾语
,
又是表示人的情绪活动的动词
,
有两个形容词形成：
令人
……
（
V ing
）；感到
……
（
V ed
）
I'm shocked.
凡是能够用
人
做宾 语，又是表示人的情绪活动的动词，有两个形容词形成：
1.
令人
……;+
-
ing 2.
感到
…… +
-
ed
It shocked me.
It is shocking.
'm shocked.
surprise
好事坏事都可以，只要你没有料到
I want to give you surprise.
shock
只能是坏事
,
让人感到不高兴
★ n.
震动
get a shock
sb. get a shock
某人很吃惊
10.★allow v.
允许，让
allow doing sth.
Smoking is allowed.
＝
people allow smoking
No smoking
。
allow sb. to do sth. / allowed to do sth.
allow
常用于被动语态
You are allowed to smoke(
被动语态
)
You are not allowed to enter the room if you don't take the card with you
n.
琴弦
a string of
一串
shoestring
鞋带
v.
触摸
★ vt.&vi.
触摸，碰
You are not allowed to touch the vase.
4
9
★ vt.
谈及，涉及，关系到
A rise in the cost of living touches everyone.
生活费用的增加与每个人都有关系。
to
属于，是
…
中的一员（
belong
是一个表示状态的动词，而不是行为< br>动词，所以不能用于进行时，常用的时态是一般现在时和现在过去时。
不用被
动语态）
The earth belongs to nobody and everybody.
地球既属于每个人又不属于任何人。
I belong to that football club.
我是那家足球俱乐部的成员。
14.★be made
made in
表示产地或时间
It was made in Germany.
made of
表示用某种材料制成（通常指制造后不改变该材料原来的性质或外形）
The tea pot is made of silver.
made from
表示用数种材料制成，或者是制造后改变了材料原来的性质或外形
Paper can be made from wood.
made by
表示由谁制造
This cake was made by my sister.
be made into
被制成
……
The gold is made into a ring.
15.★play
PLAY video /online games
playground
player
1).
跟球类连用，直接
+
球类：
play football
2).
跟乐器连用，
+the+
乐器：
play the piano
在乐器上：
play music on+
乐器
16.★
汉语中习惯用主动形式，英语中习惯用被动形式
Be
一个单词
，动词
be
-
being
-
been
进行时态：
be+v
-
ing
形式
被动语态
be+done:
be+v
-
ing
be+done:
be being done
：现在进行时的被动语态
be
动词有多少种时态，被动语态就有多少种
have been done
现在完成时的被动语态
will be done
一般将来时的被动语态
can be done
情态动词的被动语态
had been done
过去完成时的被动语态
is/am/are
done
一般现在时的被动语态
/was/were/
done
一般过去时的被动语态
I will make a cake./Tomorrow the cake will be made.
The cake has been made.
The cake was made.
The cake had been made.
【
Key structures
】
被动语态
主动语态与被动语态皆指动词的形式而言。
在主动句中 ，
动词的主语是执行动作
的人或物；在被动句中，动作是对主语执行的。
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