2021年1月23日发(作者：horde)
阅读难点关键句


1. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of
death or serious injury by more than half.
2.
But
it
will
be
the
driver‘s
responsibility
to
make
sure
that
children
under
14
do
not
ride
in
the
front unless
they
are wearing a seat belt of some kind.
3.
However,
you
do
not
have
to
wear
a
seat
belt
if
you
are
reversing
your
vehicle;
or
you
are
making
a
local
delivery
or collection
using
a
special
vehicle;
or
if
you
have
a
valid
medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.
4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and
you
may
be
fined if
you
cannot prove
to
the court
that you
have been excused from wearing it.
5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise
healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their
ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the
process of ageing could he slowed down.
6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he
set
about
measuring
brain
volumes
of
a
thousand
people
of different ages and varying occupations.
7.
Computer
technology
enabled
the
researchers
to
obtain
precise
measurements
of
the
volume
of
the front
and
side
sections of
the
brain,
which
relate
to
intellect
（智能）
and
emotion, and determine the human character.
8.
Contraction
of
front
and
side
parts
as
cells
die
off
was
observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not
evident in some sixty and seventy-year- olds.
9.
The
findings show
in general
terms that contraction
of
the
brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.
10.
White
collar
workers
doing
routine
work
in
government
offices
are,
however,
as
likely
to
have
shrinking
brains
as
the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.
11.
We
know
that
you
have
a
high
opinion
of
the
kind
of
learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of
our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you.
12.
But
you
must
know
that
different
nations
have
different
ways
of
looking
at
things,
and
you
will
therefore
not
be
offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be
the same as yours.
13. We are, however, not the less obliged by
your kind offer,
though
we
refuse
to
accept
it;
and,
to
show
our
grateful
sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of
their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all
we know , and make men of them.
14. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer
history,
the
earth‘s
postwar
era,
there
was
quite
a
wide-spread concern
that
computers
would
take
over
the
world from man one day.
15. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are
relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business
and
in our
personal
lives. We
are
faced
with
a less dramatic
but also less foreseen problem.
16.
Obviously,
there
would
be
no
point
in
investing
in
a
computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should
also rely
on
their
own
internal
computers
and
check
the
machine when they have the feeling that something has gone
wrong.
17. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it
in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his
work.
18.
For
most
people
the
sea
was
remote,
and
with
the
exception
of
early
intercontinental
travellers
or
others
who
earned
a
living
from
the
sea,
there
was
little
reason
to
ask
many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the
surface.
19. The first time that the question ― What is at the bottom of
the
oceans?‖
had
to
be
answered
with
any
commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph
cable from Europe to America was proposed.
20.
At
the
early
attempts,
the
cable
failed
and
when
it
was
taken
out
for
repairs
it
was
found
to
be
covered
in
living growths,
a
fact
which
defied
contemporary
scientific
opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.

21. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade,
which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to
show to prospective employers.
22. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but
in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in
student affairs.
23.
The
effective
work
of
maintaining
discipline
is
usually
performed by students who advise the academic authorities.
24.
Much
family
quarrelling
ends
when
husbands
and
wives
realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each
member of the family has.
25. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and
save
tasks
requiring
more
energy
or
concentration
for
your sharper hours.
26. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we
find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects
of learning.
27.
They
also
learn
how
to
cope
with
personal
problems
as
well
as
learning
how
to
think,
to
make
decisions,
to
analyse
and evaluate, and to communicate effectively.
28.
The
problem
is,
how
to
encourage
a
child
to
express
himself
freely
and
confidently
in
writing
without
holding
him
back with the complexities of spelling?
29. It may have been a sharp criticism of the
pupil‘s technical
abilities
in
writing,
but
it
was
also
a
sad
reflection
on the
teacher
who
had
omitted
to
read
the
essay,
which
contained
some beautiful expressions of the child‘s deep feelings.

30. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors,
but
if
his
priorities
had
centred
on
the
child‘s
ideas,
an
expression of his disappointment with the presentation would
have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.
31. Given the nature of government and private employers, it
seems
most
likely
that
discrimination
by
private
employers
would be greater.
32. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling
depends
almost
entirely
on
the
action
of
both
aerobic
and
anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.
33. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who
says that women have out grown the

jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a
mouse
era
and
a
major
who says that they haven‘t.

34.
They
are
trying
to
find
out
whether
there
is
something
about
the
way
we
teach
language
to
children
which
in
fact
prevents children from learning sooner.
35.
Mathematicians
who
have
tried
to
use
the
computers
to
copy the way the brain works have found that even using the
latest
electronic
equipment
they
would
have
to
build
a
computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos.
36. Since different people like to do so many different things in
their spare time, we could make a long list of hobbies, taking in
everything from collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish, to
learning about the stars and making model ships.
37. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a
breathing
hole
open
by
its
warm
breath,
so
they
will
wait
beside the hole and kill it.
38. We may be able to decide whether someone is white only
by
seeing
if
they
have
none
of
the
features
that
would
mark
them clearly as a member of another race.
39.
Although
signs
of
dishonesty
in
school,
business
and
government seem much more numerous in years than in the
past,
could it
be
that
we
are
getting
better
at
revealing
such
dishonesty?
40.
It
is
not
quite
a
matter
of
disagreeing
with
the
theory
of
independence,
but
of
rejecting
its
implications:
that
the
romances may be taken in any or no particular order, that they
have no cumulative effect, and that they are as separate as the
works of a modern novelist.
41.
His
thesis
works
relatively
well
when
applied
to
discrimination
against
Blacks
in
the
United
States,
but
his
definition
of
racial
prejudice
as
―
racially
-based
negative
prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in
a
ny given region of ethnic competition,‖ can be interpreted as
also
including
hostility
toward
such
ethnic
groups
as
the
Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
42. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black
family
encouraged
the
transmission
of
and
so
was
crucial
in
sustaining
—

the
Black
heritage
of
folklore,
music,
and
religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage
that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and
American experiences.
43.
Even
the
folk
knowledge
in
social
systems
on
which
ordinary
life
is
based
in
earning,
spending,
organizing,
marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on ,
is
not
very
dissimilar
from
the
more
sophisticated
images
of the
social
system derived
from
the
social
sciences,
even
though
it
is
built
upon
the
very
imperfect
samples
of
personal experience.
44.
There
are
several
steps
that
can
be
taken,
of
which
the
chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with
the
declared
objectives
of
safeguarding
the
interests
of
animals
that
they
should
declare
clearly
where
they
stand
on violence towards people.
45.
It
was
possible
to
demonstrate
by
other
methods
refined
structural differences among neuron types, however, proof was
lacking
that
the
quality
of
the
impulse
or
its
conduction
was
influenced
by
these
differences,
which
seemed
instead
to
influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.
46. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory
nerve
impulses
that
determines
the
diverse
conscious
sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the
brain into which they discharge , and there is some evidence
for this view.
47. The result of attrition is that, where the areas of the whole
leaves
follow
a
normal
distribution,
a
bimodal
distribution
is
produced,
one
peak
composed
mainly
of
fragmented
pieces,
the other of the larger remains.
48. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers
made
out,
and
as
regards
our
more
immediate
concern,
the
reliability
of
present
day
economic
forecasting,
there
are
considerable difference of opinion.
49. A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally
high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine
who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer.
50. Yet across the gulf of space, minds that are to our minds as
ours are to those of the beasts that perish, intellects vast and
cool and unsympathetic, regarded this earth with envious eyes,
and slowly and surely drew their plans against us.







51.
Even
the
doctoral
degree,
long recognized as
a required
―
union
card‖
in
the
academic
world,
has
come
under
severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and
the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application
to a
professor‘s classroom duties.

52. While a selection of necessary details is involved in both,
the
officer
must
remain
neutral
and
clearly
try
to
present
a
picture
of
the
facts,
while
the
artist
usually
begins
with
a
preconceived
message
or
attitude
which
is
then
transmitted
through the use of carefully selected details of action described
in
words
intended
to
provoke
associations
and
emotional reactions in the reader.
53.
Articles
in
the
popular
press
even
criticize
the
Gross
National Production (GNP) because it is not such a complete
index of welfare, ignoring, on the one hand, that it was never
intended
to
be,
and
suggesting,
on
the
other,
that
with appropriate changes it could be converted into one.
54.
Other
experiments
revealed
slight
variations
in
the
size,
number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells,
but as far as psychoneuaral correlations were concerned, the
obvious
similarities
of
these
sensory
fields
to
each
other
seemed
much
more
remarkable
than
any
of
the
minute
differences.
55. The Chinese have distributed publications to farmers and
other rural residents instructing them in what to watch for their
animals so that every household can join in helping to predict
earthquakes.
56. Supporters of the Star Wars defense system hope that this
would not only protect a nation against an actual nuclear attack,
but
would
be
enough
of
a
threat
to
keep
a
nuclear
war
from
ever happening.
57. Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers, whose
flights
are
within
the
Earth‘s
atmosphere
,
from
hitting
their
targets.
58.
Civil
rights
activists
have
long
argued
that
one
of
the
principal
reasons
why
Blacks,
Hispanics,
and
other
minority
groups
have
difficulty
establishing
themselves
in
business
is
that
they
lack
access
to
the
sizable
orders
and
subcontracts
that are generated by large companies.
59. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of
the ―useful‖ child who contributed to the family economy gave
way gradually to the present day notion of the ―useless‖ child
who,
though
producing
no
income
for,
and
indeed
extremely
costly to its parents, is yet considered emotionally ― priceless‖.

60. Well established among segments of the middle and upper
classes by the mid-
1800‘s, this new view of childhood spread
throughout
society
in
the
late
nineteenth
and
early
twentieth
centuries as reformers introduced child
labor regulations
and
compulsory education laws predicted in part on the assumption
that a child‘s emotional value made child labor taboo.

61. Of course, it would be as dangerous to overreact to history
by
concluding
that
the
majority
must
now
be
wrong
about
expansion as it would be to re-enact the response that greeted
the suggestion that the continents had drifted.
62. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt,
three key questions remain: who were the consumers? What
were
their
motives?
And
what
were
the
effect
of
the
new
demand for luxuries?
63. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and
services
actually
produced
what
manufacturers
and
servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study
of
relevant
personal
documents
written
by
actual
consumers
will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.
64. With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Grassy does
not
deny
their
frequently
noted
fact
that
some
of
the
immigrants
of
the
1630‘s,
most
notably
the
organizers
and
clergy,
advanced
religious
explanations
for
departure,
but
he
finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in
retrospect.
65.
If
we
take
the
age-and
sex-specific
unemployment
rates
that existed in 1956 (when the overall unemployment rate was
4.1
percent)
and
weight
them
by
the
age-
and
sex-specific
shares
of
the
labor
force
that
prevail
currently,
the
overall
unemployment rate becomes 5 percent.
66. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a
―
step
up‖
toward
what
all
Americans
are
taught
to
want
when they grow up: money and power.
67. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however,
the
expansion
of
real
output
must
eventually
begin
to
slow
down
to
the
economy‘s
larger
run
growth
potential
if
generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.
68. However, when investment flows primarily in one direction,
as it generally does from industrial to developing countries, the
seemingly
reciprocal
source-based
restrictions
produce
revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receiving most of the
foreign
investment
and
producing
most
of
the
income
—
namely ,the developing country partner.
69. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as
possible
from
government
was
seen
as
the
road
to
human
happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and
involvement
in
the
collective
community
that
emphasized
by
the Greeks.
70.
The
defense
lawyer
relied
on
long-standing
principles
governing
the
conduct
of
prosecuting
attorneys:
as
quasi-judicial officers of the court they are under a duty not to
prejudice
a
party‘s
case
through
overzealous
prosecution
or
to detract from the impartiality of courtroom atmosphere.
71.
No
prudent
person
dared
to
act
on
the
assumption
that,
when the continent was settled, one government could include
the whole; and when the vast expense broke up, as seemed
inevitable,
into
a
collection
of
separate
nations,
only
discord,
antagonism, and wars could be expected.
72.
If
they
were
right
in
thinking
that
the
next
necessity
in
human
progress
was
to
lift
the
average
person
upon
an
intellectual and social level with the most favored, they stood at
least three generations nearer than Europe to that goal.
73. Somehow he knows that if our huckstering civilization did
not at
every
moment
violate
the
eternal
fitness
of things,
the
poet‘s song would have been given to the world, and the poet
would have been cared for by the whole human brotherhood,
as any man should be who does the duty that every man owes
it.
74.
The
instinctive
sense
of
the
dishonor
which
money- purchase does to art is so strong that sometimes a man
of
letters
who
can
pay
his
way
otherwise
refuses
pay
for
his
work, as Lord Byron did, for a while, from a noble pride, and as
Count Tolstoy has tried to do, from a noble conscience.
75.
Perhaps
he
believed
that
he
could
not
criticize
American
foreign
policy
without
endangering
the
support
for
civil
rights
that he had won from the federal government.
76.
Abraham
Lincoln,
who
presided
in
his
stone
temple
on
August
28,
1963
above
the
children
of
the
slaves
he
emancipated (
解放
), may have used just the right words to sum
up
the
general
reaction
to
the
Negroes‘
massive
march
on
Washington.
77. In the Warren Court era, voters asked the Court to pass on
issues
concerning
the
size
and
shape
of
electoral
districts,
partly
out
of
desperation
because
no
other
branch
of
government
offered
relief,
and
partly
out
of
hope
that
the
Court would reexamine old decisions in this area as it had in
others, looking at basic constitutional principles in the light of
modern living conditions.
78.
Some
even
argue
plausibly
that
this
weakness
may
be
irremediable : in any society that, like a capitalist society, seeks
to
become
ever
wealthier
in
material
terms
disproportionate
rewards are bound to flow to the people who are instrumental
in producing the increase in its wealth.
79.
This
doctrine
has
broadened
the
application
of
the
Fourteenth
Amendment
to
other,
nonracial
forms
of
discrimination, for while some justices have refused to find any
legislative
classification
other
than
race
to
be
constitutionally
disfavored,
most
have
been
receptive
to
arguments
that
at
least
some nonracial discriminations,
sexual
discrimination in
particular,
are ―suspect‖ and deserve this heightened scrutiny
by the courts.
80.
But
as
cameras
become
more
sophisticated,
more
automated,
some
photographers
are
tempted
to
disarm
themselves
or
to
suggest
that
they
are
not
really
armed,
preferring
to
submit
themselves
to
the
limits
imposed
by
premodern
camera
technology
because
a
cruder,
less
high- powered
machine
is
thought
to
give
more
interesting
or
emotive results, to have more room for creative accident.
81. Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes
ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same
events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship
between surface drama and concealed authorical intention, a
method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.
82. When black poets are discussed separately as a group, for
instance,
the
extent
to
which
their
work
reflects
the
development of poetry in general should not be forgotten, or a
distortion of literacy history may result.
83.
These
differences
include
the
bolder
and
more
forthright
speech of the later generation and its technical inventiveness.
84.
But black
poets
were
not
battling
over
old
or new
rather,
one accomplished Black poet was ready to welcome another,
whatever his or her style, for what mattered was racial pride.
85. Tolstoy reversed all preconceptions and in every reversal
he
overthrew
the
―
system‖,
the
―
machine‖,
the
externally
ordained
belief,
the
conventional
behaviour
in
favor
of
unsystematic,
impulsive
life,
of
inward
motivation
and
the
solutions of independent thought.
86.
It
was
better
covered
by
television
and
press
than
any
event
here
since
President
Kennedy‘s
inauguration
(
就职
)
,
and
,
since
indifferent
is
almost
as
great
a
problem
to
the
Negro as hostility, this was a plus.
87. But do not the challenge and the excitement of the critical
problem
as
such
lie
in
that
ambivalence
of
attitude
which
allows us to recognize the intelligence and even the splendor
of Meredith‘s work, while, at the same time, we experience a
lack of sympathy, a failure of any enthusiasm of response?
88.
In
this
respect
she
resembled
one
of
her
favourite
contemporaries, Mary Brunton, who would rather have ― glided
through
the
world
unknown‖
than
been
suspected
of
literary
airs
—
to
be
shunned,
as
literary
women
are,
by
the
more
pretending of their own sex, and abhorred, as literary women
are, by the more pretending of the other!
89. From those sounds which we hear on small or on coarse
occasions,
we
do
not
easily
receive
strong
impressions,
or
delightful images; and words to which we are nearly strangers,
whenever they occur, draw that attention on themselves which
they should transmit to things.
90.
To
proceed
thus
is
to
set
up
a
fivefold
hypothesis
that
enables you to gather from the innumerable items cast up by
the sea of experience upon the shores of your observation only
the limited number of relevant data
—
relevant, that is, to one or
more of the five factors of your hypothesis.
91. As an author, I am naturally concerned that a surprisingly
large
percentage
of
the
population
of
the
United
States
is
functionally
illiterate;
if
they
can‘t
read
or
cannot
understand
what they read, they won‘t buy books, or this magazine.

92. They do not know those parts of the doctrine which explain
and justify the remainder the considerations which show that
a
fact
which
seemingly
conflicts
with
another
is
reconcilable
with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not
the other ought to be preferred.
93.
Quite
apart
from
the
logistic
problems,
there
existed
a
well-established
tradition
in
Britain
which
refused
to
repatriate against
their
will
people
who
found
themselves
in
British hands and the nature of whose reception by their own
government was, to say the least, dubious.
94.
An
obsession
with
the
exact
privileges
of
a
colonial
leg
islature
and
the
precise
extent
of
Britain‘s
imperial
power,
the specifics of a state constitution and the absolute necessity
of
a
federal
one,
all
expressed
this
urge
for
a
careful
articulation
as
proof
that
the
right
relationship
with
external
powers did indeed prevail.
95. One encyclopaedia tells us that intelligence is related to the
ability to learn, to the speed with which things are learned, to
how well and how long ideas are remembered, to the ability to
understand those ideas and use them in problem-solving, and
to creativity.
96. The event marked the end of an extended effort by William
Barton Rogers, M.I.T. ?s founder and first president, to create a
new kind of educational institution relevant to the times and to
the contrary‘s need, where young
men and women would be
educated
in
the
application
as
well
as
the
acquisition
of
knowledge.
97. Each departmental program consists, in part, of a grouping
of
subjects
in
the
department‘s
areas
of
professional
interest
and,
in
part,
of
additional
opportunities
for
students
of
their
choice.
98. Alternatively, a student may use elective time to prepare for
advanced study in some professional field, such as medicine
or law, for graduate study in some area in which M. I. T. gives
no undergraduate degree, such as meteorology or psychology,
or
for
advanced
study
in
an
interdisciplinary
field,
such
as
astrophysics, communication science, or energy.
99.
While the undergraduate curriculum for an open Bachelor
of
Science
degree,
as
listed
by
a
department,
may have
its
own
unique
features,
each
program
must
be
laid
out
in
consultation with a departmental representative to assure that
it is meaningful in structure and challenging in content.
100.
Where
previously
it
had
concentrated
on
the
big
infrastructure
projects
such
as
dams,
roads
and
bridges,
it
began to switch to projects which directly improved the basic
services of a country.
101. Thus in addition to the chances of going away from the
right path outlined above, the scientific investigator shares with
the
ordinary
citizen
the
possibilities
of
falling
into
errors
of
reasoning
in
the
ways
we
have
just
indicated,
and many
others as well.
102. He made a hole and peering through, could see jewellery,
and
other
objects
stacked
in
piles
in
the
shadows
that
extended beyond the beam of light penetrating the interior.
103. Neither Ayat nor the Rassoul brothers noticed, however,
that
most
of
the
pieces
they
were
selling
were
of
a
type
not
previously
seen in
the
marketplace
—
pieces
whose existence
had been suspected but which had not yet been discovered by
archaeologists.
104.
―The
biggest
construction
project
of
this
century‖,
explained
French
President
Francois
Mitterand
in
January,
1986 as he and then British prime minister Margaret Thatcher
jointly
announced
that
the
two
countries
would
finally
overcome
ancient
quarrels
and
prejudices
and
forge
a
link
across the narrow Channel separating them.
105.
Perhaps
the
fact
that
many
of
these
first
studies
considered only algae(
水藻
) of a size that could be collected in
a
net(net
phytoplankton),
a
practice
that
overlooked
the
smaller
phytoplankt on(
浮
游
植
物
群
落
)
that
we
now
know
grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the
role
of
grazers
in
subsequent
research.106.
The
converse
observation,
of
the
absence
of
grazers
(
食草动物
)in
areas
of
high
phytoPlankton(
浮游植物群落
)concentration,
led
Hardy
to
propose his principle of animal exclusion , which hypothesized
that phytoplankton produced a repellent(
驱虫剂
) that excluded
grazers from regions of high phytoplankton concentration.
107.
Although
these
molecules
allow
radiation
at
visible
at
wave
lengths,
where
most
of
the
energy
of
sunlight
is
concentrated,
to
pass
through,
they
absorb
some
of
the
longer-wavelength,
infrared
emission(
红外辐射
)
radiated
from
the
Earth,s
surface,
radiation
that
would
otherwise
be
transmitted back into space.
108.
In
addition,
the
style
of
some
Black
novels,
like
Jean
Toomer‘s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism(
超现实
主义
),
does
this
technique
provide
a
counter
point
to
the
prevalent
theme
that
portrays
the
fate
against
which
Black
heroes
are
pitted,
a
theme
usually
conveyed
by
more
naturalistic modes of expression?
109.
Roseenblatt‘s
thematic
analysis
permits
considerable
objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to
judge the merit of the various works
—
yet his reluctance seems
misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have
led to interesting results.
110.
Thus,
for
instance,
it
may
come
as
a
shock
to
mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation (
薛定谔
的
方
程
式
)forthe
hydrogen
atom
is
not
a
literally
correct
description
of
this
atom,
but
only
an
approximation
to
a
somewhat
more
correct
equation
taking
account
of
spin,
magnetic dipole (
磁性偶极子
), and relatiristic effects, and that
this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation
to an infinite set of quantum field theoretical equations(
量子场
论方程式
).
111. Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights,
and
thus
they
seek
to
accentuate(
强调
)
contradictions
in
social action, not gloss over or transcend them by appeals to
extrasocial symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of
nature.
112.
The
hydrologic(
水文地质的
)
cycle,
a
major
topic
in
this
science,
is
the
complete
cycle
of
phenomena
through
which
water passes, beginning as atmospheric water vapor, passing
into
liquid
and
solid
form
as
precipitation
(
降水
(
量
)),
thence
along and into the ground surface, and finally again returning
to
the
form
of
atmospheric
water
vapor
by
means
of evaporation and transpiration(
散发
).
113.
My
point
is
that
its
central
consciousness
—
its
profound
understanding
of
class
and
gender
as
shaping
influences
on
people‘s lives—
owes much to that earlier literary heritage,
a heritage that, in general, has not been sufficiently valued by
most contemporary literary critics.
114.
In
the
ea
rly
1950‘s
historians
who
studies
preindustrial
Europe
(which
we
may
define
here
as
Europe
in
the
period
from
roughly
1300
to
1800)
began,
for
the
first
time
in
large
numbers,
to
investigate
more
of
the
preindustrial
European
population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political
and
social
elite
(
精华
)
:
the
kings,
generals,
judges,
nobles,
bishops,
and
local
magnates
(
要人
)
who
had
hitherto
(
迄今
)
usually filled history books.
115. The historian Frederick J. Tuner wrote in the 1890‘s that
the
agrarian(
农
民
)
discontent
(
不
满
)
that
had
been
developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had
been
precipitated
(
加
速
)
by
the
closing
of
the
internal
frontier
—
that
is
,
the
depletion
(
枯竭
)
of
available
new
land
needed for further expansion of the American farming system.
116. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in
1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of
Saint-
Beure‘s
blindness
to
the
real
nature
of
great
writing,
found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional
developments,
and
allowed
these
to
take
over
in
a
steadily
developing novel.
117. The best evidence for the layered mantle (
地幔
) thesis is
the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic
islands,
islands
believed
to
result
from
mantle
plumes
(
地柱
)
arising
from
the
lower
mantle,
are
composed
of
material
fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system,
whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle.
118.
In
October
1838,
I
happened
to
read
for
amusement
Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate
the
struggle
for
existence
which
everywhere
goes
on,
from
long continued observation of the habits of animals and plants,
it at once struck me that, under these circumstances, favorable
variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones
to be destroyed.
119. But these beliefs about peptide hormones (
肽激素
) were
questioned
as
laboratory
after
laboratory
found
that
antiserums(
抗血清
)
to
peptide
hormones,
when
injected
into
the brain, bind in places other than the hypothalamus(
下丘脑
),
indicating
that
either
the
hormones
or
substances
that
cross-react with the antiserums are present.
120
Proponents(
支持者
)of
the
so-called
Golden
Quadrangle
(
金四角
)
，
which would link areas of Bruma, Laos, Thailand and
China's Yunnan province, are seeking an Asian Development
Bank
feasibility
study
of
joint
development
and
business
projects that could free the region's hinterlands(
内地
)from their
notorious dependence on the heroin trade.
121.
He
enjoys
the
liberties
hard
won
over
centuries
by
the
alliance
of
philosophic
genius
and
political
heroism,
consecrated by the blood of martyrs (
烈士
) he is provided with
comport
and
leisure
by
the
most
productive
economy
ever
known
to
mankind;
science
has
penetrated
the
secrets
of
nature
in
order
to
provide
him
with
the
marvellous,
life
like
electronic sound and image reproductions he is enjoying.
122.
Each
highbrow
did
and
does
congratulate
himself
on
being
unique
in
his
unlikeness
to
other
men;
and
conversely
each
lowbrow
now
congratulate
himself
on
being
in
some
mystical
way
unique
in
his
likeness
—
on
being,
so
to
say,
outstandingly average and extraordinarily ordinary.
123. As for the lowbrows‘ claim to be specially ―human‖, I for
one
have
never
been
able
to
understand
why
it
should
be
―inhuman‖ to use the faculties that distinguish us from pigs and
geese and ―human‖ to use those which we share with the lower
animals.
124.
There
is
no
disputing,
says
the
proverb,
about
taste
—
though, in fact, human beings spend at least half their
leisure
doing
nothing
else
—
and
if
highbrowism
and
lowbrowism were exclusively ( as it is certain that they are in
great part) matters of individual taste, there would be no more
to say about them than what I have said in the preceding lines.
125.
Thus
I
desire
a
great
deal
less
pleasure
from
jazz
and
thrillers than from the music, let us say, of Beethoven(
贝多芬
)
or the novels, for example, of Dostoievsky; and the sex appeal
of
the
girls
on
the
covers
of
magazines
seems
to
me
less
thrilling than the more complicated appeal to a great variety of
feelings
made
by
a
Rubens,
an
EI
Greco,
a
Constable,
a
Seurat.
126.
One
need
only
ask
first-year
university
students
what
music they listen to , how much of it and what it means to them,
in
order
to
discover
that
the
phenomenon
is
universal
in
America,
that
it
begins
in
adolescence
or
a
bit
before
and
continues through the college years.
127. They start, like the pharisee in the parable , by thanking
God that the are not as other men are, and proceed to paint a
picture
of
those
other
men,
hardly
more
flattering
than
that
which Swift painted of the Yahoos.
128.
Each
time
the
dream
was
a
promise
out
of
our
ancient
articles
of
faith,
phrases
from
the
constitution,
lines
from
the
great anthem of the nation, guarantees from the Bill of Rights,
all ending with a vision that they might one day all come true
。


129. For many the day seemed an adventure, a long outing in
the late summer sun
—
part liberation from home, part Sunday
school picnic, part political convention, and part fish fry.
130.
It
m
ay
not
―look
to
it‖
at
once,
since
it
is
looking
to
so
many
things,
but
it
will
be
a
long
time
before
it
forgets the
melodious(
悦耳的
) and melancholy (
忧郁的
) voice of the Rev.
Dr. Martin Luther Jr., crying out his dreams to the multitude(
大
众
).
131.
Above
all
,
they
got
over
Lincoln‘s
point
that
―
the
necessity of being ready increase‖, for they left no doubt that
this
was
not
the
climax
of
their
campaign
for
equality
but
merely
the
beginning,
that
they
were
going
to
stay
in
the
streets until they could get equality in the schools, restaurants,
houses and employment agencies of the nation, and that, as
they demonstrated here today, they had found an effective way
to
demonstrate
for
changes
in
the
laws
without
breaking
the
law themselves.
132.
Although
we
apparently
have
a
need
for
REM
sleep,
judging from the fact that our bodies automatically compensate
for a loss of it, what REM sleep actually does for us is not clear.
133. Coming out while you were poised unsteadily on the icy,
springy
brush
they
made
difficult
shooting
and
I
killed
two,
missed five, and started back pleased to have found a covey to
the
house
and
happy
there
were
so
many
left
to
find
on
another day.
134.
More
important
to
them,
though,
is
that
it
gives
them
some
places
where
they
can
borrow
money
at
a
cost
that
is
usually a good deal less than at the small-loan agency, or the
installment house, or indeed most places.
135.
That
sex
ratio
will
be
favored
which
maximizes
the
number of descendants an individual will have and hence the
number of gene copies transmitted.
136.
Temporary
shortages
do
occur,
but
Simon
and
other
boomsters(
兴
旺
论
者
)
argue
that
as
long
as
government
doesn‘t
interfere
—
by mandating (
指令
) conservation or setting
price controls (
价格
)
—
people will find alternative (
代用品
).
137. He seldom ignores that many potential votes, and it did
not
escape
the
notice
of
congressmen
that
these
Negro
organizations,
some
of
which
had
almost
as
much
trouble
getting out a crowd as the Washington Senators several years
ago, were now capable of organizing the largest demonstrating
throng
(
群众
)
ever
gathered
at
one
spot
in
the
District
of
Columbia..
138.
Towards
the
end
of
the
century
there
was
still
considerable argument over whether books should be used for
information
or
treated
respectfully,
and
over
whether
the
reading
of
material
such
as
newspapers
was
in
some
way
mentally weakening.
139.
However,
whatever
its
virtues,
the
old
shared
literacy
culture
had
gone
and
was
replaced
by
the
printed
mass
media(
宣传工具
)on the one hand and by books and magazines
for a specialized readership on the other.
140.
By
the
end
of
the
century
students
were
being
recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in
reading
them
which
were
inappropriate,
if
not
impossible,
for
the oral reader.
141. Though most dictionary have a system of making words
as
obsolete,
or
in
use
only
as
slang,
many
people,
more
especially if their use of a particular word has been challenged,
are
likely
to
conclude,
if
they
find
it
in
a
dictionary,
that
it
is
accepted as being used by writers of established reputation.
142. People can be relatively rich only if others are relatively
poor, and since power is concentrated in the hands of the rich,
public policies will continue to reflect their interests rather than
those of the poor.
143. Social change is more likely to occur in societies where
there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies
where people are similar in many ways.
144.
In
a
family
where
the
roles
of
men
and
women
are
not
sharply
separated
and
where
many
household
tasks
are
shared
to
a greater
or
lesser
extent,
Notions
of
male
superiority are hard to maintain.
145. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept
that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare
more
fully
for
participation
in
a
world
characterized
by
co-
operation rather than by the ―battle of the sexes.‖

146.
The
family
is
a
co- operative
enterprise
for
which
it
is
difficult to lay down rules, because each family, needs to work
out its own ways for solving its own problems.
147. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers,
English
is
a
language
in
which
some
of
important
works
in
science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and
not always by native speakers.
148.
And
someone
with
a
history
of
doing
more
rather
than
less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone
who has not had an active mind.
149.
Perfectionists
struggle
over
little
things
at
the
cost
of
something larger they work toward.
150.
Men
are
naturally
most
impressed
by
diseases
which
have
obvious
signs,
yet
some
of
their
worst
enemies
slowly
approach them unnoticed.
151. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about
radiation damage
–
--a person may feel perfectly well, but the
cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will
not be discovered until the birth of deformed (
畸形
) children or
even grandchildren.
152. In the end , only 7 out of 19 regular Cola drinkers correctly
identified
their
brand
of
choice
in
all
for
trails.
The
diet-Cola
drinkers
did
a
little
worse
–

only
7
of
27
identified
all
four
sample correctly.
153.
Taste
is
such
a
subjective
matter
that
we
don‘t
usually
conduct preference tests for food.
154.
It
seems
simple
enough
to
distinguish
between
the
organism
and
the
surrounding
environment
and
to
separate
forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and
biological and those that are external and environmental.
155.
But
in
actual
practice this
system
breaks down in
many
ways,
because
the
organism
and
the
environment
are
constantly
interacting
so
that
the
environment
is
modified
by
the orgainism and vice versa (
反之亦然
).
156. In the case of man, the difficulties with the environment
concept are even more complicated because we have to deal
with
man
as
an
animal
and
with
man
as
a
bearer(
持有者
)
of
culture.

157.
If
we
look
at
man
as
an
animal
and
try
to
analyze
the
environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find
that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and
such
like
factors
common
to
all
biological
situations;
but
we
also find, always, very important environmental influences that
we can only class as ―cultural‖, which modify the physical and
biological factors.