2021年1月23日发(作者：danger)




英
文
学
史
知
识
梳
理
国

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一、
The Anglo- Saxon Period (449-1066)
The literature
：
Two divisions: pagan and Christian
The Song of Beowulf
：
the events which took place on the Continent at the beginning
of the 6th Century
，
The poem tells of a hero, a Scandinavian prince named Beowulf,
who rids the Danes of the monster Grendel, half man and half fiend, and Grendel's
mother, who comes that evening to avenge Grendel's death. Fifty years later Beowulf,
now king of his native land, fights a dragon who has devastated his people. Both
Beowulf and the dragon are mortally wounded in the fight. The poem ends with
Beowulf's funeral.
Theme
：
the primitive people
’
s struggle against hostile forces of the natural world
under a wise and mighty leader.
二、
The Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)
The Literature
：
The literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its
bright, romantic tales of love and adventure (Romance), in marked contrast with the
strength and somberness(
朴实无华
)of Anglo- Saxon poetry (Epic).
Explanation of Sir Gawain and Green Knight
：
Two motifs
（主题）
test of
faith, courage, test of human weakness for self-preservation
三、
Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400
）

Characteristics
①
His allegories and symbols are already tinged with realistic images
②
Chaucer
’
s poem is distinguished for its profound delineation of character and
truthful description of human relations.
The Canterbury Tales
：
The Host (Harry Baily) proposes a storytelling contest to pass
the time; each of the 30 pilgrims (including the poet) is to tell four tales on the round
trip.
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Major Work: Legend of Good Women
好女人的故事
House of Fame
声誉殿堂

Canterbury Tales
坎特伯雷故事集
s and Cressida
特洛伊勒斯和
克莱西

Parliament of Fowls
百鸟会议

四、
The Renaissance
（
16th Century
）

Two features
：
1.A thirsting curiosity for classical literature. keen interest in
life and human activities.
m Shakespeare(1564-1616)
Three Periods of his Dramatic Career and its characteristics
(1)

the years from 1590 to 1600,are characterized from a degree by formal and rather
obvious construction and by stylized verse to highly individualized.
Comedies
: 1)The Merchant of Vince,
威尼斯商人
2)A Midsummer Night
’
s Dream,
仲夏夜之梦
Twelfth Night,
第十二夜
3)As You Like It.
（皆大欢喜）
4)The
Comedy of Errors, 5)The Merry Wives of Window, the years from 1601 to
1608,the most profound of his works.

Tragedies
:1)Hamlet
哈姆雷特
2)King Lear
李尔王
3) Macbeth
麦克白
4) Othello
奥赛罗
5)Romeo and Juliet
罗密欧与朱丽叶
6) Timon of Athens.(
雅典的泰门）

the period from 1609-1612,principal romantic tragicomedies.
The Themes of Hamlet
：
new themes
: impossibility of certainty;
complexity of action;3the mystery of death; exploration into man
’
s inner world,
into human psychology through a series of soliloquy
（自言自语，独白）
.
Traditional aspects of Themes
：
tion:2. Inherited Sin and Corruption(
人生
而有罪和堕落
):3. Sons Seeking Revenge 4. Deception: Deception makes up a major
motif in Hamlet. 5. Ambition6. Loyalty:7. Existence
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Features of Shakespeare
’
s Drama
：
1). one of the founders of realism in world lit.
2) Skilled in many poetic forms .3). A great master of the English language
Petrarchan sonnet
:The octave is eight lines long, and typically follows a rhyme
scheme of ABBAABBA, or sestet occupies the remaining six lines
of the poem, and typically follows a rhyme scheme of CDCDCD, or CDECDE.
Shakespearean sonnet:
ABAB CDCD EFEF GG The sonnet 18,16
The Spencerian Sonnet:
ABAB BCBC CDCD EE On His Blindness
s Bacon(1561-1626)
Major works:1)Advancement of Learning
学术的进展
2)New Instrument
新工具

3)New Atlantis
新大西岛
; 4)Essays
随笔
(Of Truth; Of Friendship; Of Studies
论学习
;
Of Wisdom for a Man
’
s Self)
五
、
The
Period
of
Revolution
&
Restoration
（
17th Century)
Literary characteristics:Confusion; Absence of any fixed standard of literary criticism;
Donne (1572-1631
)Metaphysical poets
A Valediction: forbidding mourning
Theme:Real, complete love unites not only the bodies of a husband and wife but also
their souls. Such spiritual love is transcendent, metaphysical, keeping the lovers
together intellectually and spiritually even though the circumstances of everyday life
may separate their bodies.
Imagery:The circle 1. Marriage ring 2. Path of the planets 3. Path described by a
compass
The compass Planetary trepidation Earthquakes The gold Valuable, noble, difficult
to destroy
Three kinds of poets.
Puritan poet(
清教徒派诗人
), Cavalier poet(
保皇派诗人
),the
Metaphysical poet(
玄学派诗人
).
Literary term: Metaphysical poetry(
玄学派诗歌
)
Milton (1608-1674) An English Poet
1)Paradise Lost (masterpiece)
《失乐园》
2)Paradise Regained
《复乐园》
3)Samson
Agonistes
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《力士参孙》
4)Lycidas
《利西达斯》
5) Areopagitica
《论出版自由

》
6)On the
Morning of Christ
’
s Nativity
《基督诞生晨颂》
7)L
’
Allegro
《快乐的人》
8)Of
Reformation in England
《论英国改革》
9)Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce
《离婚
的戒律与学说》
10)Penseroso
《幽思的人 》
11)Comus
《科玛斯》

Paradise Lost
:It is about Satan
’
s rebellion against God and the expulsion(
驱逐
) of
Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden.
Theme :
The theme of the poem is a revolt against God
’
s authority
On His Blindness:
theme:God judges humans on whether they labor for Him to the
best of their ability.
六、
The
Age
of
Enlightenment
in
England
（
The 18th Century
）


Defoe:The father of the English fiction(
英国小说之父）

Major works:1)The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
《鲁
滨逊漂流记》
2)Captain Singleton
《辛格顿船长》
3)Moll Flanders
《摩尔·弗兰德
斯》
4)A Journal of the Plague Year
《大疫年日记》
5) Roxana
《罗克萨娜》

THE ADVENTURES OF ROBINSON CRUSOE
Theme:
the power of the average man to preserve life and to organize economy in the
face of unpromising environment.
an Swift(1667-1745)One of the greatest masters of English prose;
十八世
纪杰出的政治家和讽刺小说家

Major Works
：
1)A Tale of a Tub
《一个木桶的故事》
2)Battle of the Books
《书
籍之战》
3)Journal to Stella
《给斯黛拉的信》
4)The Drapier
’
s Letters
《布商的
信》
5)A Modest Proposal
《一个温和的建议》

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