2021年1月23日发(作者：midd)
Lesson 1



English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric,Cornish, Norn
and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak
languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use
and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining
Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must
be considered... very greatly at risk.
因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了坎伯兰语、
康沃尔语、
诺恩 语和马恩语等语言的消
亡。
在这些岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。< br>然而，
英语在日常生
活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对 现存的凯尔特语：爱尔兰语、苏
格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。





also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls
linguicism
(a
condition parallelto
racism
and
sexism
). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and
individuals within the predominantly
“
white
”
English-speaking world, have (by design
or default) encouraged or at least tolerated
—
and certainly have not opposed
—
the
hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as
economic and colonial expansion.
他认 为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视
（和种族歧视、
性别歧视的情况类似）
的偏见密切相关 。
在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）
鼓励< br>或者至少是容忍了
（肯定没有反对）
英语霸权主义式的传播。
这种传播始于三个 世纪之前的
经济及殖民扩张。





and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with
admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they
have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now
poses much of a threat.
总的来说，
我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。
在谈到与之相关的文化及
其为世界所做的贡献 时，
我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，
而且这样做也没有太大的风险，
因为这些
语言现 在已不会构成什么威胁。





many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious
advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network,
a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational
apparatus.
然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言 所具有的明显优势，
例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。





h-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong
in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many
languages, was at first weak and disorganized.
讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，
在初 期软弱无力且缺乏组织。





symbolism suggests that the users of the world
’
s lingua franca should seek
to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking
the curse.

这一 象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处同时尽
可能避免招来灾难。

Lesson 2



turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but
I was still in love. 苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫没有改变这一点，
一点儿也没有。
我被炒了鱿
鱼，但 是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。





heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a
beginner again less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative
periods of my life.
因为，
作 为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感所重新代替，
一
切都还不确定。这让我觉得如 此自由，进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。





was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. sometimes life
hits you in the head with a brick. Don
’
t lose faith. < br>良药苦口，但是我想病人需要它。有时，生活会像一块砖头砸向你的脑袋，
但不要失去你的信念。





ering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap
of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not
to follow your heart.



“记住你即 将死去”是我知道的避免这些想法的最好办法。如果你已经什么
都没有了，就没有理由不去跟随自己内心 的声音。





time is limited, so don
’
t waste it living someone else
’
s life. Don
’
t be
trapped by dogma-which is living with the results of other people
’
s thinking. Don
’
t
led the noise of others
’
opinions drown out your own inner voice.
你们的时间很有限，
所以不要将它浪费在重复 其他人的生活上。
不要掉进教
条的陷阱，
也就是说不要按照别人的想法来生活。
不要让其他人喧嚣的观点掩盖
你真正的内心之声。


Lesson 3



then I learned another lesson. To avoid that kind of depression meant,
inevitably, having to endure a certain amount of worry and concern.
就在当时我又得出了一条经验，
这就是要想避 免这种郁闷，
就不可避免地经
受某种害怕和担心。







time, it seems, that we set out aggressively to get something we want, we
want, we meet up with anxiety. And it
’
s going to be our traveling companion, at least
part of the way, into any new venture.
看来任何时候只要我们开始积极地想要得到我们想要的东西，
我们都会担心 。
甚至担心将伴随我们人生旅程的一部分来进行新的冒险。





3.I had benefited, I discovered, from a process psychologists call
“
extinction
”
. If
you put an individual in an anxiety-provoking situation often enough, he will
eventually learn that there isn
’
t anything to be worried about.
我发 现我得益于心理学家称之为
“消失”
的过程。
如果你把一个人放在一种
使人担 忧的环境中，
长此以往，
他就会形成一种习惯，
最终觉得没有什么值得担
忧的 了。





ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most exotic of places,
without guides or even advanced bookings, confident that somehow I will nange.
自那以后到最不熟悉的地方去，
我也不会犹豫。
没有导游，
甚至没有预定旅
馆我也不怕，因为我很自信，我能安排好这一切。





I don
’
t let the butterflies stop me from doing what I want. Accept anxiety as
another name for challenge and you can accomplish wonders.
但是我不想让担忧来阻止我去做我想做的事情，
接 受害怕就意味着接受挑战，
这样你才能创造奇迹。


Lesson 4



r, just as exceeding the speed limit will, when traffic police are
performing properly, lead to a speeding ticket, so being interviewed for an attractive
career-entry position will, when the interviewer knows what to look for, lead directly
or indirectly to the question
”
Why should we lire you?
”


然而，
正如如果一个警察正确执法，
超速就要吃罚单一样，
面试一 份吸引人
的、
进入某一行业的职位的时候，
如果面试官清楚地知道他们要找什么，就会直
接或间接地问这样一个问题：
“我们为什么要雇用你？”





someone wishing to begin a new career, the prospects are starting to look
nasty and brutish, and the immediate picture is distinctly short of jobs, hours, and
rewards for new employees.
对于那些想要开始新的职业生涯的 人来说，
前途开始变的险恶和残酷，
而直
接的前景就是工作少，时间短，给新员工作的 工资也减少。





students may find their academic work difficult and demanding enough
without adding the headache of anticipating yet more demands.
其他学生可能认为学业课程很难，
要求很高，
因此不想再费脑筋去预见那些
更多的要求了。






you are in a program with a variety of optional courses, your knowledge of
the job market
’
s demands will help you to make more informed decisions.
如果你的学习计划包括许多不 同的学科的课程，
那么你要是了解了就业市场
的需求，就能帮助你在获得更多的信息的基础上做 出抉择。





may discover that it is quite easy to gain insight into your field of interest
just by sounding out your teachers.
只要你让老师知道你的想法，
你可能会非常容易地深入了解你感兴趣的领域。


Lesson 5



technological advances of the 1990s ushered in what appeared to be a social
and economic revolution that would rival the Industrial Revolution two centuries
earlier, creating a new society of technologically connected citizens with a world of
digitized information, commerce, and communication at its fingertips.
二十世纪九十年代的技术进步似乎带来了一场其意义堪与两百年以前的工
业革命相媲美的社会与经济方 面的革命，
它创造了一个崭新的社会，
在这个社会
里人们由技术相互连接，
到 处都是数字化的信息、
商业以及通讯都在弹指一挥间。





advances in science and technology seeded to promise eventual solutions
to problems ranging from eliminating toxic waste to grocery shopping-genetic
engineers developed microbes that would eat industrial sludge and researchers at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
’
s (MIT)Media Lab work to devise a
refrigerator that could sense when it was out of milk and use the Internet to order
more.
科技的新发展似乎向人们承诺提供从消除有毒废料到食品采买一系列问题
的最终解决方案——遗传科技人员培养出了能够吞食工业残渣的微生物，
麻省理
工学院媒体实验 室的研究人员设计出了能够觉察箱内牛奶告罄并可上网定购的
电冰箱。





cloning of an animal in 1997 suggested that human cloning had become
viable as well, raising concerns-no longer quite theoretical-that humanity might be
moving toward a
”

brave new world
”

of genetically engineered people.
1997
年克隆动物的成功表明了克隆人也已不成问题，人们担心人类可能会
朝着一个由基因制造的人组成的“ 大胆的新世界”方向发展，
（这已不再是单纯
的理论问题了）
。




most Americans agreed that children should not be exposed to such
materials attempts to regulate the most content of individual Web page and
newsgroups conflicted with the idea of the Internet as an open, decentralized mass
medium, where even the most absurd or pepellant ideas could receive a hearing.
尽管大多数美国人赞成小孩不应接触这些内容，
但试图规范个人网页和新闻
组内容的努 力还是同互联网应是公开、
非集权的大众媒体的理念发生了冲突，
在
这种媒体中，即< br>
使最荒唐、最令人讨厌的东西也可以发表。






, some critics wondered if all of the money spent on space research might
not be better used to fund new discoveries here on Earth, almost as if the diversion of
space was no longer as necessary when there so many new and interesting projects
going on right here.
但是一些批评人士提出质疑说，
把花在太空上的钱用来资助地球上的新发现
是不是更好呢？似乎 地球上正进行着这么多有趣的新项目，
太空研究不再那么必
要了。


Lesson 6



Csikszentmihalyi, who coined the term flow, which adherents of positive
psychology would use to describe the job-induced highs, says that distinction is a
false one.
“
Anything can be enjoyable if the elements of flow are present,
”
he writes
in his book
Good Business
.
“
Within that framework, doing a seemingly boring job can
be a source of greater fulfillment than one ever thought possible.
”

米哈里·
奇凯因特米哈里认为这种区分是错误的。< br>他发明了
“强感受”
(flow)
这个说法

,
信奉正面心理学的人常用此词来描述由工作而引发的兴奋状态。在
《称心如意的工作》

一书中他写道

:
“只要存在强感受因素

,
任何事情都能给
我们带来愉悦。
根据这一观点

,
从事一份 表面看上去枯燥的工作却会给人们带来
想象不到的更大的成就感。
”





neither the late 1990s boom nor the subsequent bust had much impact in
either direction, indicating that the state of worker happiness goes much deeper than
the swings of the economy.
但是
20
世纪
90
年代后期的经济繁荣和随之而来的经济萧条都没有对员工的
两种工作态度产生多大影啊

,
这表明工人在工作中是否能获得快乐感有比经济
形势更深层的原因。





a Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive assistant at a
company where she liked her colleagues for a less taxing position as a clerical worker
in a law firm six years ago. She has more time and flexibility but feels stifled by her
co- workers and unappreciated by her boss.
“
I am a misfit in that department ,
”
she
says.
“
No matter how good your personal life is, if you go in to a bad atmosphere at
work, it takes away from it.
”

4 1
岁的马丁娜·蕾迪克斯原是一家公司的经理助理，虽然工作压力大，但
她和同事相处都很好，
6
年前她换了工作
,
到一家律师事务所成了一名职位相对
清闲的办事员。如今她时间多了，自由度也大了
,
但她感觉和这里的同事共事太
压抑，也得不到老板的赏识。她说
:
“我不适应 这个部门。不管你个人生活多惬
意，如果工作单位氛围不好
,
个人生活就会大受影响。
”