2021年1月23日发(作者：energetic)
what is social work?
“The
social
work
profession
专业

promotes
促进

social
change,
problem-solving
in
human
relationships,
and
the
empowerment
许可，授权

and
liberation
释放，解放

of
people
to
enhance
提高，加强

well- being
幸福，幸福感，福利
.
Utilising
使用，利用

theories of human behaviour and
social
systems, social
work intervenes
干预，介入

at
points
where
people
interact
with
their
environments.
Principles
of
human
rights
人权

and social justice
司法
are fundamental to
对
~
是必要的

social work.”


Nature of the Work

Social
work
is
a
profession
for
those
with
a
strong
desire
to
help
improve
people
lives. Social workers help people function
（动词）运行
the best way they can in their
environment,
deal
with
their
relationships,
and
solve
personal
and
family
problems.
Social workers often see
看见，理解
clients
案主
who face a life-threatening
重度，致
命
的

disease
疾
病

or
a
social
problem,
such
as
inadequate
不
足
的

housing,
unemployment, a serious illness, a
disability
残疾，丧失能力的
, or substance abuse
药
物滥用
.
Social
workers
also
assist
帮助

families
that
have
serious
domestic
家庭的

conflicts
冲突
, sometimes involving child or spousal abuse
虐待配偶
.

Social workers often provide social services in health-related settings
设置
that now
are
governed
管理，支配
by managed care
管理式医疗
organizations. To contain
含，
控制
costs, these organizations emphasize
强调，注重
short-term intervention
介入，干
预
,
ambulatory
流动的，非固定的

and
community-based
社区的

care,
and
greater
decentralization
分散
of services.

Most
social
workers
specialize
专
门
从
事
，
专
业
化
.
Although
some
conduct
research
进行研究，进行调研工作
or are involved in planning or policy development,
most
social
workers
prefer
an
area
of
practice
in
which
they
interact
with
与相互作用

clients.

Child,
family,
and
school
social
workers
provide
social
services
and
assistance
to
improve the social and psychological functioning
心理机能，心理功能
of children and
their
families
and
to
maximize
the
family
well-being
and
academic
functioning
of
children. Some social workers assist single parents, arrange adoptions
领养
, or help find
foster homes
寄养家庭
for neglected, abandoned, or abused
被虐待
children. In schools,
they address
从事
such problems as teenage pregnancy
怀孕
, misbehavior
品行不端
, and
truancy
旷
课
，
逃
学

and
advise
teachers
on
how
to
cope
with
problem
students.
Increasingly school social workers are teaching workshop to an entire class. Some social
workers specialize in services for senior citizens
老人（尤指退休者）
, running support
groups
支持小组

for
family
caregivers
照顾着，看护人

or
for
the
adult
children
of
aging
成年

parents,
advising
elderly
people
or
family
members
about
choices
in
areas
such
as
housing,
transportation,
and
long-term
care
长期护理
,
and
coordinating
and

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monitoring these services. Through employee assistanceprograms, they may help workers
cope with job-related pressures or with personal problems that affect the quality of their
work. Child, family, and school social workers typically
典型的
work for individual and
family
services
agencies,
schools,
or
State
or
local
governments.
These
social
workers
may be known as child welfare
儿童福利
social workers, family services social workers,
child
protective
保
护
的

services
social
workers,
occupational
social
workers,
or
gerontology
老年学
social workers.

Medical
and
public
health
公共卫生

social
workers
provide
persons,
families,
or
vulnerable
易受伤害的
populations with the psychosocial
社会心理的
support needed to
cope with chronic
长期的，慢性的
, acute
严重的
, or terminal illnesses
终期病患，晚期
疾病
, such as Alzheimer's disease
早老性痴呆
, cancer, or AIDS. They also advise family
caregivers
照顾者
, counsel
建议，劝告

patients,
and help
plan for patients’ needs
after
discharge
后放

by
arranging
for
at-home
services,
from
meals-on-wheels
to
oxygen
equipment.
Some
work
on
interdisciplinary
跨领域的

teams
that
evaluate
评价，评估

certain kinds of patients
—
geriatric
老年病人
or organ transplant
器官移植
patients, for
example.
Medical
and
public
health
social
workers
may
work
for
hospitals,
nursing
护
理，看护
and personal care facilities, individual and family services agencies, or local
governments.

Mental
health
and
substance
abuse
药
物
滥
用

social
workers
assess
and
treat
individuals with mental illness
精神病
or substance abuse problems, including abuse of
alcohol, tobacco
烟草
, or other drugs. Such services include individual and group therapy
治疗，疗法
,
outreach
延伸，扩广
,
crisis
intervention
危机干预，危机介入
,
social
rehabilitation
复原
, and training in skills of everyday living. They also may help plan for
supportive services to ease
减轻
patients and return to the community. Mental health and
substance abuse social workers are likely to work in hospitals, substance abuse treatment
centers,
individual
and
family
services
agencies,
or
local
governments.
These
social
workers
may
be
known
as
clinical
临床的

social
workers.
(Counselors
辅导员，顾问

and psychologists, who may provide similar services.)

Other types of social workers include social work planners and policymakers, who
develop programs to address such issues as child abuse, homelessness, substance abuse,
poverty
贫困
, and violence. These workers research and analyze policies, programs, and
regulations
条例，规程
. They identify social problems and suggest legislative
立法机构

and other solutions. They may help raise funds or write grants to support these programs.

Job
Outlook
展望

Competition for social worker jobs is expected in cities, where demand for
对
~
的需
求

services
often
is
highest
and
training
programs
训练计划

for
social
workers
are
prevalent
流行的，普遍的
. However, opportunities should be good in rural areas, which
often find it difficult to attract and retain
保持，保留
qualified
合格的，能胜任的
staff.
By specialty
专业，专长
, job prospects
前景
may be best for those social workers with a

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