2021年1月23日发(作者：一岁英语)











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专业英语

cement is a mixture ofB limestone and clay .
ent
proportions
of
the
ingredients
produce
concrete with different streingth and weight.

rods
are
bent
into
the
shapes
to
give
them
the
necessary degree of tensile strength.
essed
concrete
has
made
it
possible
to
develop
buildings with unusual shapes.
great buildings built in earlier ages are massive
structures withB

thick stone walls .

modern
engineer
must
also
understand
the
C
different stresses to which the materials in a structure are
subject.
49.A simple contract consists of an agreement enterd into
number of passes by a roller of specified type and weight
are A predeterminde.

control
is
largely
a
matter
of
conducting
the
specified procedure.

all
vegetable
matter
should
be
removed
from
the original ground and fill material.
d construction also produced greater uniformity
in
the
material
D
itself
and
in
its
density
and
moisture
content.
92.A
tuack
or
wheel
type
bulldozer
is
D
not
suitable
to
earthmoving considerably long hauls.
ology
concerned
B
with
highway
preservation
varies considerably from country to country.
er
are
B
useless

unless
they
are
given
clear
and accurare instrucctions and information
er programming is now including in almost all
engineeing B curricula.

B
recruiting
for
engineers
often
begins
before
the studen
t
’
s last year in the university.
different A corporations and government
agencies
have
comperend
for
the
services
of
engineers in recent years.

may
prefer
to
work
with
one
of
the
government
agencies
that
B
deals
with
wather
resources.


civil
engineer
may
work
in
research ,design,construction,Bsupervis ion,maintenance,o
reven in sales.

engineers
work
on
many
different
kinds
of
C
structures .

is
normal
practice
for
an
engineer
to
specialize
in
just one kind.

designing
buildings,engineers
often
work
as
B
consultants to architertural or construction firms.
er
can
’
t
solve
complicated
problems
unless
they are given D a good program.
ical
and
mechanical
engineers
work
on
the
A
design of the power-house and its equipment.
uction is aB complicated process on almost all
engineering projects.

of
the
work
of
civil
engineers
is
carried
on
C
ourdoors .

example,B
dams
are
often
built
in
wild
river
valleys or gorges.

is
the
pressure
exered
by
each
part
of
a
structure on A its other parts .
,scientific
data
permit
the
engineer
to
make
careful calculations D in advance .

weighe
of
all
the
people,cars,furniture,machines
and so on that the structure will support when it is in use
is B live load .
force at which the live load will be exerted on the
structure isC impact.

a
saw
cuts
easily
through
a
piece
of
wood,the
wood is A in tension.

definde
D
shear
as
the
tendency
of
a
material
to
fracture along the lines of stress.
34.B horizontal force acts up or down.

Romans
also
uaed
a
natural
cement
called
pozzolana,made from B volcanic ash ,that became as hard
as stone under water.
by D two or more parties.
contracts muat be made in a particular D form to
be enforceable.
a person has signed a document he is assumed to
have B approved its contents.

contractor
is
not
entitled
to
any
payment
if
he
abandons the work prior to completion.
retention money serves to insure D the employer
against any defects that may arise in the work .
civil engineering works must be completed to the
satisfaction of the employer,or his D representative.

employer
or
C
promoter
of
civil
engineering
works normally determines the conditions the conditions
of contract.
most cases the tender may be
B withdrawn at any
time until it has been accepted.

employer
is
entitled
to
know
the
reasoning
underlying theC engineer
’
s choice of contract.
68.A
contract
has
been
defined
as
an
agreement
which
directly creates and contemplates C an obligation.
there is no written agreement and C a dispute arises
in respect of the contract.
ds B underlie highway pavement structures and
the ballast and track on which trains move.
recent years rippers have been used successfully to
C break up loose or fractured rock .

material
is
moved
less
than
about
60m
or
steeply
downhill,
drifting
with
a
track
or
wheel
type
bulldozer is A cheapest.
1923,the most used tool was a A scraper of 1/2yd
3

y
there
areC
no
easy
answers
on
equipment
selection.
al
forB
embankment
commonly
comes
from
roadway cuts or designated borrow areas.
uction of pavement over high fills often was
B
deferred for a year or more after completion of the fill to
allow this settement to occur.

this
case,
layer thickness,moisture
control, and the
agencies typically dictate the major constraints
within which these design decisions are to be made.
highways are C expensive and it appears that the
driving public does not want safe highways.


defective vehicle is a creator of accident.

experience
shows
that
of
the
vehicles
involved
in all crashes.
r
improvement
in
drivervisibility
is
the
introduction of the remote-controlled B outside rearview
mirror.

safe
performance
of
the
brake
system
C
under
high temperatures has been ensured.

highway
can
require
mental
and
A
physical
responses.
use of uniform traffic control device will reduce
driver reaction time A as well as confusion.
118.A main source of accidents,the problem of B drunken
driving is the most serious of all.

avoid
the
driving
after
drinking,one
of
the
methods is B breath test .
二、填空


of
research
connected
with
civil
engineering
include soil mechanics and [soil stabilization] techniques.


[on-the- jod]
training
can
be
accquired
to
translate theory into practice to the supervisors.

ers
oftten
work
as
[consultants]
to
architectural or construction firms.

projects
ordinarly
employ
severl
engineers
whose work is coordinated by a [systems engineer ]

important
aspect
of
statistcal
mathematics
is
[probabibity]

engineers
may
choose
to
go
into
[environmental] or sanitary engineering.
weight of structure itself is known as [dead load]

cement,called
[Portland
cement]
was
invented in 1842.
129.[Prestressed]
concrete
is
an
improved
form
of
reinforcement.