2021年1月23日发(作者：skipping)
（英语）高考英语阅读理解题
20
套
(
带答案
)
及 解析


一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解

One
of
the
biggest
problems
when we
are
talking
is
the
awkward
silence. Encountering
this
situation is so uncomfortable that you would avoid meeting new people in the first place. In the
past, I struggled wit
h this and I even thought it had to do with my DNA or something… But later I
learned that once you know how to keep those words flowing, you can meet and talk to anyone
you like, which helps create great possibilities for friendship, fun and shared activities that you
would otherwise have missed out on.


After
studying
this
in
depth,
I
had
different
opinions
and
found
that
one
of
these
common
behaviors
is
the
habit
of
filtering
(
过滤
)--holding
back
from
saying
something
until
you've

problem is not learning to get in the mood for conversation. If you don't know how to change
from subjects, then it can take a lot of time to warm up.

It is the reflex (
习惯性思维
) that allows you to say whatever goes on in your mind. It's fun to
realize that you're allowed to say whatever is on your mind. As long as you don't say anything
that could land you in jail (
监狱
).


All of the
are
reactionary (
保守的
)
bits
of
conversation
that
prove
to
the
other
person
that you're
really
listening. This works 99% of the time. So, if you show some interest, they'll hang around and want
to talk to you even more.

Everyone knows that stories juice-up conversations, but most people only talk about stories of
their own lives. When someone mentions something related to any of them, just tell the story,
even if it's not from your life. The more interesting, stranger or more frightening they are, the
harder they are to forget.

（
1
）
If people can deal with the awkward silence, they can .

A. train their working skill B. improve their life quality

C. enrich their social life D. establish their working relationship

（
2
）
When talking with others, we should .

A. feel nervous
B. think twice
C. be free to express
D. avoid breaking in

（
3
）
According to the passage, what do the speakers care much about?

A. The attractive topics of conversation. B. The atmosphere of the conversation.

C. The listener's experiences and tastes. D. The listener's curiosity and concern.

（
4
）
What does the underlined part

A. making conversations more boring B. making conversations livelier

C. making conversations smoother D. making conversations more relaxing

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文本文是一篇 议论文，我们谈话时最大的问题之一是尴尬的沉默。遇
到这种情况是很不舒服的。作者就这一论点表达了 自己的观点。

（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“But
later
I
learned
that
once
you
know
how
to
keep
those
words
flowing,
you
can
meet
and
talk
to
anyone
you
like,
which
helps
create
great
possibilities for friendship, fun and shared a ctivities”
可知如果在谈话时能打破尴尬的沉默，知
道说什么，怎么说，就能为友谊 ，乐趣和共享活动创造巨大的可能性，就能丰富社交生
活。故选
C
。

（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“It
is
the
reflex
(
习惯性思维
)
that
allows
you
to
say
whatever goes on in your mind. It's fun to realize that you're allowed to say whatever is on your
mind .”
可知习惯性思维让我们表达我们内心所想，意识到你可以说出你心里想说的话，是
很有趣的 。所以在和别人交流时我们应该自由表达。故选
C
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“All
of
the
‘Oh!
That's
interesting…’
‘Hmm,
I've
never
heard of that’ ‘Hmm, cool!‘ expressions are reactionary (
保守的
) bits of conversation that prove
to the other person that you're really listening.
和
if you show some interest, they'll hang around
and
want
to
talk
to
you
even
more.”
听者的 赞美之词和他们有兴趣想了解更多的好奇心和关
注，是说者最关心的。故选
D
。

（
4
）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的
“The
more
interesting,
stranger
or
more
frightening
they are, the harder they are to forget.”
可知故事越有趣或越惊险，就越吸引人，听者就越难
忘记，这说明了故 事在谈话中的重要性。划线词语所在的句子指每个人都知道故事会让对
话变得生动有趣，
“ju ice
-
up conversations”
指让对话变得生动有趣，与
B
项同义。故选
B
。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个 题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考
生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案 。


2
．
阅读理解

You can see a sea turtle named Herman, an octopus (
章鱼
) called Octavia, and a seal named
Lidia
at
the
Smithsonian's
National
Zoo
in
Washington,
D.C. Rather
than
real
animals,
they are
actually artworks made out of plastic trash from the ocean.

These artworks are part of a traveling exhibit called
Washed
Ashore
project,
led
by
the
artist
called
Pozzi,
works
to
raise
awareness
about
plastic
pollution in Earth's oceans.

More than 315 billion pounds of plastic litter the world's oceans today. Most of the plastic is
garbage from towns and cities, as well as trash that people leave on beaches. Rainwater, winds,
and high tides bring the trash into the ocean or into rivers that lead to the ocean. Once it is under
the waves, the plastic begins to break up into smaller and smaller pieces.

Thousands of sea animals die each year from eating plastic bags and other things. Each year,
millions more pounds of plastic end up in the ocean. A recent study found that if that continues,
by 2050 the total weight of plastic will be more than that of all the fish in the ocean.


The
Washed
Ashore
project
is
working
to
stop
that
from
happening.
Since
2010,
Washed
Ashore
volunteers
have
collected
38,000
pounds
of
plastic
trash
from
more
than
300
miles
of
beaches.
They
helped
Pozzi
create
more
than
60
artworks
of
sea
creatures
harmed
by
plastic
pollution.



artworks
are
a
powerful
reminder
of
our
personal
role
and
global
responsibility
in
preserving biodiversity (
生物多样性
) on land and in the sea,
National Zoo.

（
1
）
What is the purpose of the artworks shown at the Smithsonian's National Zoo?

A. To
let
people
know
about
animals
in
the
ocean.
B. To
introduce
one
way
of
recycling
plastic trash.

C. To warn people of plastic pollution in the ocean.
D. To show Pozzi's great gift for creating
artworks.

（
2
）
According to the passage, what is the source of plastic pollution in the ocean?

A. Garbage from towns and cities.
B. Trash left on beaches by people.

C. Plastic bags broken up by waves.
D. Litter created by human activities.

（
3
）
The data in Paragraph 5 is given to prove that .

A. plastic
pollution
will
be
more
serious
in
the
ocean
B. more
and
more
artworks
of
sea
creatures will be made

C. the
Washed
Ashore
project
has
made
great
achievements
D. volunteers
can
solve
the
ocean pollution successfully by 2050

（
4
）
What's Dennis Kelly's attitude towards the artworks?

A. Worried. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Unconcerned.

（
5
）
What would be the best title for the text?

A. Turning Trash into Art
B. Working for Washed Ashore

C. Collecting Plastic Trash D. Stopping Environmental Pollution

【答案】
（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
B

（
5
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，
Pozzi
用垃圾雕塑了海 洋动物，来提醒全球的人们去
保护海洋，禁止人们朝海洋扔垃圾。

（
1
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“
These
artworks
are
a
powerful
reminder
of
our
personal role and global responsibil
ity in preserving biodiversity on land and in the sea.”
可知这
些艺 术品展示了人们在海洋生物多样性保护中的个人作用。即：警醒人民注意海洋中的塑
料污染。故选
C
。

（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“
More
than
315billion
pounds
of
plastic
litter
the
world's oceans,today. Most of the plastic is garbage from towns and cities, as well as trash that
people leave on beaches.”
可知海洋中的塑料垃圾主要是由人类活动所产生的垃圾。故选< br>D
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第五段中所列的数字信息可 以证明：该项目最近几年在清理海洋
垃圾中所做的巨大成绩（已有
3800
吨垃圾被清 理）。故选
C
。

（
4
）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的

“These
artworks
are
a
powerful
reminder
of
our
personal role and global responsibility in prese
rving biodiversity on land and in the sea.”
其中关
键信息

“powerful
reminder ”
可知这些艺术品是人们在保护海洋中所起作用的有力证明，故
选
B
。

（
5
）考查主旨大意。本文是通过把海洋中的塑料垃圾变成艺术品以唤醒人们的海 洋保护意
识。故选
A
。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，观点态度 和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概 括和归纳，从而选出正确答
案。


3
．
阅读理解

Scientists have discovered a

It's a stellar black hole
—
the type that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode. Researchers
had
previously
believed
that
the
size
limit
was
no
more
than
20
times
the
mass
of
our
sun
because 8S these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that expel matter and
gas swept away by stellar winds


This
theory
has
now
been
toppled
by
LB-1,
the
newly
discovered
black
hole.
Located
about
15.000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release
from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The findings were published by Chinese researchers in the journal Nature on Wednesday.


models of stellar evolution,
twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of
explaining its formation.

Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge.

The Chinese team has proposed a number of theories. LB-1' sheer size suggests that it
formed from the collapse of only one star,
—
instead, it could potentially be two
smaller black holes orbiting each other.

Another possibility is that it formed from
—
the last stage of an exploding star
—
ejects material during the explosion, which then falls back
into the supernova, creating a black hole.

This fallback formation is theoretically possible but scientists have never been able to prove or
observe it. If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have
first time, the study said.

There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the smaller side,
according to NASA. Supermassive black holes are much bigger
—
they can be billions of times the
mass of our sun,

Scientists believe supermassive black holes may be connected to the formation of galaxies, as
they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which
form first.

（
1
）
Why does the writer write the article?

report the great achievement Chinese scientists have made in black hole theory,

inform the readers of the basic knowledge about the black hole,

share with the readers the new development of the black hole discovery,

demonstrate the significance of discovering new black holes for science.

（
2
）
Which of the following about LB-1 is true to the passage?

is the biggest black hole ever discovered.

lost only a small part of its mass through explosion.

couldn't have been formed from the collapse of one star.

discovery may lead to some breakthrough in the

（
3
）
Which of the following is right according to the passage?

the sun in our galaxy dies some of its mass will be taken away by stellar winds.

B.A massive supernova will be formed and then exploded if the sun in our galaxy dies.

C.



【答案】

（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了科学家们已经发现了一个
“
巨型黑洞
”
，其
质量之大，在理论上是不应该存在。但这个理论现在已经被新 中国科学家发现的黑洞
LB-1
所推翻。科学家们现在正绞尽脑汁研究
LB-1
是如何变得如此巨大的，并介绍了几种可能性
的理论。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“Scientists
have
discovered
a
‘monster
black
hole’
so
massive
that,
in
theory,
it
shouldn't
exist. ”
可知，科学家们已经发现了一个
“
巨型黑洞
”
，其质
量之 大，在理论上是不应该存在；再根据第三段
“This
theory
has
now
been
toppled by
LB
-1,
the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15.000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times
greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.”
可知，
但这个理论现在已经被新中国科学家发现的黑洞
LB-1
所推翻。根据中国科学 院的一份新闻
稿，它位于
15000
光年之外，质量是太阳的
70
倍 。所以判断出作者写这篇文章的目的是
与读者分享黑洞发现的新进展，故选
C
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的
“If
this
is
how
LB
-1
formed,
then
we
may
have‘direct evidence for this process’ for the first time.”
可知，如果这就是
LB-1
的形成过程，
那么我们可能首次有了
“
这一过程的直接证据
”
。所以
LB-1
这一发现可能会给
“
后援形成理
论
”
带来一些突破。故选
D
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“because
8S
these
stars
die,
they
lose
most
of
their
mass through explosions that expel matter and gas swept away by stellar winds.”
可知，因为这
些恒星会死亡，它们大部分质量因爆炸而损失， 恒星风会把爆炸释放出来的物质和气体吹
走。所以如果我们星系中的太阳死亡，它的一部分质量会被恒星 风吹走。故选
A
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两 个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要
准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正 确答案。


4
．
阅读理解

American college students are becoming more adventuresome as they study abroad, showing
less
interests
in
English-speaking
destinations
such
as
Great
Britain
and
Australia
and
more
in
such countries as China, India, Argentina and Brazil.

Britain remained the most popular study destination in 2005, according to annual figures from
the Institute of International Education, followed by Italy, Spain and France. But the number of
American
students
studying
in
Britain
and
Australia
descended
a
little,
even
as
the
number
of
American
students
abroad
rose
by
8%.
The
growth
came
in
non-English
speaking
European
countries and in Asia. China is now the eighth most popular destination for American students,
attracting nearly 6,400 in 2005, up 35% from the number of the year before. Argentina and India
saw increases of more than 50%.


Allan
Goodman,
president
of
the
Institute
of
International
Education,
said
that
a
range
of
factors
contributed
to
the
trend,
from
growing
awareness
of
globalization
after
the
terrorist
attacks on September 11, 2001, to programs such as former President Bush's National Security
Language Initiative, which trains soldiers, intelligence officers and diplomats in foreign languages.
“What Americans are doing is waking up and discovering there's a world out there,” he said.

Other figures showed the flow of students in the opposite direction, from foreign countries into
American
universities.
The
institute
found
that
international
enrollment
(
入学
)
in
American
higher
education
remained
steady
at
about
565,000.
The
figures
are
of
keen
interest
to
universities,
which
depend
on
foreign
students
for
teaching
and
research
help,
and
to
policy-
makers,
who
consider
it
important,
as
future
foreign
leaders
may
be
familiar
with
the
United
States. The year of 2005 saw big increases in students from South Korea, Mexico and Taiwan of
China.
India
sends
the
most
students
and
China
is
No.2.
Other
countries
that
show
large
percentage increases in the number of students sent to the US include Nepal and Vietnam, while
Japan, Turkey
and
Malaysia
saw
declines.
About 58%
of
international
students
in
the
US
come
from Asia.

（
1
）
What does the underlined word “descended” in Paragraph 2 means?

A. Changed. B. Declined. C. Multiplied. D. Increased.

（
2
）
Why do more American students study in Asia?

A. They expect to get more teaching and research help.
B. They lose confidence in English-
speaking countries.

C. They
are
afraid
that
terrorist
attacks
will
happen
again.
D. They
prefer
to
explore
a
different world from their own.

（
3
）
Where were most foreign students in America from in 2005?

A. China. B. India. C. Argentina. D. Britain.

（
4
）
What can we infer from the passage?

A. There
were
6,400
American
students
studying
in
China
in
2005.
B. Chinese
students
to
America will overpass Indians in the future.

C. International
enrollment
in
American
higher
education
changed
a
lot.
D. Asian
students
account for a large part of foreign students in America.

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不同国家的人国外留学的情况。

（
1
）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的
“But
the
number
of
American
students
studying
in
Britain and Australia descended a little, even as the number of American students abroad rose by
8%.”
这句话的后半句的意思是
“
尽管美国学生在国外的人数增长了
8
%”
，由此推知
“
但是在英
国和澳大利亚学习的美国学生人数下降了一点，
”
故选
B
。

（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“What Americans are doing is waking up and discovering
there's
a
world
out
there,”
可知，现在越来越多的美国学生来到亚洲是因为他们更喜欢从自
己的世界去探索不同的世界。故选D
。

（
3
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“The year of 2005 saw big increases in students from
S
outh Korea, Mexico and Taiwan of China. India sends the most students and China is No.2.”< br>可
知，在
2005
年美国多数的外国学生都来自印度。故选
B
。

（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“About 58% of international students in the US come
from Asia.”
可知，在美国，亚洲学生占外国学生的很大一部分。故选
D
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象
类阅读 ，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。


5
．
阅读理解

Just a few years out of law school, I decided that I wanted to write fictions. The only thing I had
ever published before was a law-review article. I had made great efforts to write when I came
home at night after work, but I was too tired. I decided to quit my job.

I began my new life on a February morning. I sat down at my kitchen table at 7:30 am and
made a resolution. Every day I would write until lunchtime. Then I would lie down on the floor for
20 minutes to rest my mind. After that, I would return to work for a few more hours.

In my first year, I sold two stories. Then I wrote a novel, but I thought it wasn't good enough, so
I ended up putting it in a drawer. My second novel, Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk, was published
to glowing reviews and received the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction.

My success sounds like a familiar story, but actually it was far from sudden. I quit my job, and
for every story I published in those years, I had at least 30 rejections. The novel that I put away in
the drawer took my four years. My breakthrough came in 2006, 18 years after I first sat down to
write at my kitchen table.


Sometimes
genius
(
天才
)
is
just
the
thing
that
comes
out
after
20
years
of
working
at
your
kitchen. Also, doing something truly creative requires the energy of youth. Orson Welles made his
masterpiece, Citizen Kan, at 25. T. S. Eliot wrote The Love Song of J. Afred Prufrock at 23.

（
1
）
When did the author decide to devote himself to writing fictions?

A. When he was tired from his work.
B. Straight after graduation from law school.

C. On being informed his law-review article came out.
D. When his hobby was disturbed by
his work.

（
2
）
We can infer from the second paragraph that the author .

A. led a wealthy life
B. arranged his life reasonably

C. was too diligent to relax himself D. remained single

（
3
）
What does the author mainly intend to tell us in this passage?

A. Failure is the mother of success. B. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

C. It is never too old to learn.
D. It is the first step that costs troublesome.

（
4
）
Why did the author give the example of Orson Welles and T. S. Eliot?

A. To make a comparison between them and himself.
B. To show creativity needs energy and
efforts.

C. To persuade the readers of their great talents.
D. To recommend their two masterpieces.

【答案】
（
1
）
D

（
2
）
B

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙 文，作者通过讲述自己成功的经历，进一步证实了
“
失败
是成功之母
”
的道理。

(1)
考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“I
had
made
great
efforts
to

write
when
I
came
home
at
night after work, but I was too tired. I decided to quit my job.”
可知，当他的爱好被他的工作打
扰时，作 者决定投身于写作小说。故选
D
。

(2)
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“I began my new life on a February morning. I sat down at
my kitchen table at 7:30 am and made a resolution. Every day I would write until lunchtime. Then
I would lie down on the floor for 20 minutes to rest my mind. After that, I would return to work
for a few more hours.”
可知，我们可以从第二段推断出作 者合理安排了他的生活。故选
B
。

(3)
考查目的意图。根据第四段中的
“My success sounds like a familiar story, but a
ctually it was
far from sudden. I quit my job, and for every story I published in those years, I had at least 30
rejections. The novel that I put away in the drawer took my four years. My breakthrough came in
2006, 18 years after I first sat down to write
at my kitchen table.”
可推知，失败是成功之母。故
选
A
。

(4)
考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“Sometimes genius (
天才
) is just the thing that comes out
after 20 years of working at your kitchen. Also, doing something truly creative requires the energy
of youth. Orson Welles made his masterpiece, Citizen Kan, at 25. T. S. Eliot wrote The Love Song
of J. Afred Prufrock at 23.”
可知，作者引用
Orson Welles and T. S. Eliot
的例子是为了要表现出
创造力需要能量和努力。故选
B
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和目的意图三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅
读，考 生需要准确掌握捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。


< br>6
．
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（
A
、
B
、
C
和
D
）中，选出最佳选项。

It's almost camp season!

Summer is wonderful. Summer at one of the following awesome camps? Even more wonderful.

Tahosa High Adventure Base

Location: Ward, Colorado