2021年1月23日发(作者：mastercard是什么意思)
【英语】英语阅读理解题
20
套
(
带答案
)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解


Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and stroke. So
doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But
there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile!

Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a
smile
may
be
one
way
to
help
your
heart.

we
smile,
the
brain
wiring
changes.
The
chemicals that are released are more positive.
and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New
Age advice. Several studies support his opinion.

When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (
荷尔蒙
)
including
adrenaline
and
cortisol.
Adrenaline
increases
your
heart
rate
and
blood
pressure.
Cortisol is the body's main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly
in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response.

However, when we are stressed for a long period, these stress hormones are ever-present in
our bodies. And that, medical researchers warn, may lead to health problems.

Researchers say the connection between stress and heart disease is still unclear. However, they
claim
that
when
people
are
stressed
for
long
periods
of
time,
they
may
have
an
unhealthy
lifestyle, which can lead to health problems.

Dr. Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 times an
hour. To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish ... smiling for
seemingly no reason. But a smile does not involve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation.
It is free and it has no bad side effects.


sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health.
And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone's heart health.

（
1
）
Which of the following agrees with Dr. Chockalingam's opinion?

has the same effects as laughter.

can be used to take the place of medicine.

is better than any healthy lifestyle to health.

can make our body produce beneficial chemicals.

（
2
）
What can we know about the mentioned stress hormones?

can lower our blood pressure.

will surely lead to heart diseases.

can benefit us when we are in danger.

will make us live an unhealthy lifestyle.

（
3
）
Why does Dr. Chockalingam think smiling is helpful to our health?

can make us relax.

increases sugar levels.

has little bad side effects.

can happen for no reason.

（
4
）
What can be the best title for the text?

A.A Thorough Analysis of the Causes of Heart Diseases

Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart

Thing That Is Closely Connected with Stress Hormones

Clear Connection Between Unhealthy Lifestyles and Heart Diseases

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说 明文，哥伦比亚的心脏病专家
Chockalingam
博士建议多保
持微笑，他认为 微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。同时说明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人
们感到压力时的身体反应等情况 。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“When
we
smile,
the
brain
wiring
changes.
The
chemicals that are released are more positive.”
当我们微笑时，大脑的线路会发生变化。 释放
出的化学物质更积极。可知，
Chockalingam
博士认为微笑能使我们的 身体产生有益的化学
物质。故选
D
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“If
you
are
truly
in
danger,
these
hormones
can
help
you.”
如果你真的有危 险，这些荷尔蒙会帮助你。可知，当我们处于危险中时，压力荷尔蒙
可以帮助我们。故选
C。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between
stress an
d health. And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone's heart heal th.”
如
果我们微笑，我们就打破了压力和健康之间的联系。而且它可能会为每个人的心脏健 康提
供一点额外的保护。可知，
Chockalingam
博士认为微笑可以使我们放 松，从而有利于我们
的健康。故选
A
。


（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的
“Dr.
Chockalingam,
a
heart
disease
specialist
in
Columbi
a, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart.”
哥伦
比亚的心脏病专家
Choc kalingam
博士建议他的病人保持微笑。他说，微笑可能是帮助心脏
的一种方式。以及结 合文章内容主要介绍了微笑能够让我们放松进而有利于我们的健康，
所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以选< br>B
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查， 是一篇科研类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出 正确答案。


2
．
阅读理解

Plan your dream vacation to one of these excellent destinations.

St. Lucia

Abundant rainforests and splendid mountains are all reasons to visit this Caribbean island. St.
Lucia offers the perfect mix of relaxation and adventure. To take in the breathtaking scenery, plan
to hike the Piton Mountains or dive in the waters of Anse Chastanet.

Banff. Alberta


This
Canadian
destination
will
bring
out
the
explorer
in
anyone
who
visits.
From
hiking
and
whitewater rafting to skiing and snowboarding, Banff offers travelers an abundance of year-round
outdoor
activities.
The
Lake
Louise
Ski
Resort
is
one
of
the
largest
in
North
America
and
the
striking photo opportunities of the Canadian Rockies from Moraine Lake can't be underestimated
(
低估
).

Machu Picchu

According to travelers, a visit to this Peruvian UNESCO World Heritage (
遗产
) site is a once-in-
a-lifetime adventure. Located in the Andes Mountains, it is the most familiar icon (
象征物
) of Inca
civilization.
Spend
a
few
days
accustoming
yourself
to
the
altitude
in
the
neighboring
city
of
Cusco, where you can experience a mix of Incan and Spanish cultures.

Great Barrier Reef

It's easy to see why the Great Barrier Reef is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World
–

it stretches nearly 1,500 miles along the eastern coastline of Australia and features about 3,000
reefs, 900 islands and more than 1,500 species of fish. Travelers can see these amazing natural
structures from the air or underwater. However, large amounts of coral bleaching (
褪色
) caused
by rising ocean temperatures put this place's continued existence at risk, so plan your visit soon
to see this awesome sight up close.

（
1
）
What can you enjoy both in St. Lucia and Banff?

A. Hiking.
B. Skiing.
C. Diving.
D. Snowboarding.

（
2
）
Where may a historian choose to go?

A. St. Lucia.
B. Banff. Alberta.
C. Machu Picchu.
D. Great Barrier Reef

（
3
）
What do we know about the Great Barrier Reef?

A. It's on the western coast of Australia. B. It's famous for coral reefs rather than fish.

C. People must take a plane to enjoy its beauty.
D. It may disappear if temperature keeps on
rising.

【答案】
（
1
）
A

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四处假期极好的去处及各自特色。

（
1
）考查细节理解。根据
St. Lucia
部分中的
“plan to hike the Piton Mountains or dive in the
waters
of
Anse
Chastanet.”
和
Banff.
Alberta
部分中的
“From
hiking
and
whitewater
rafting
to
skiing and snowboarding, Banff offers travelers an abundance of year-
round outdoor activities.”
可知在
St. Lucia
和
Banff
人们都可以徒步旅行，故选
A
。

（
2
）考查细节理解。根据
Machu
Picchu
部分中的
“a
visit
to
this
Peruvian
UNESCO
World
Heritage (
遗产
) site is a once-in-a-lifetime adventure.
和
Spend a few days accustoming yourself
to the altitude in the neighboring city of Cusco, where you can experience a mix of Incan and
Spanish
cultures.”
可知历史学家们可以在 这里参观联合国教科文组织世界遗产遗址，体验印
加文化和西班牙文化的融合。故选
C
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据
Great Barrier Reef
部分中的
“large amounts of coral bleaching (
褪色
)
caused by rising ocean temperatures put this place's continued existence at risk, so plan your visit
soon to see this awesome sight up close.”
可知海洋温度升高造成大量珊瑚褪色，对大堡礁的
存在造成了威胁。由此可推断如果温度继续升高，大堡礁可能会消失。故选
D
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考
生 在捕捉细节信息的基础上根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


3
．
阅读理解


As the days get shorter and the chilly weather rolls in, we all want to curl up in a blanket and
hibernate until spring rolls around. But making time to get outside in the sun, even when it's cold
out, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize.


While
the
link
between
sunshine
and
mental
health
is
nothing
new,
new
research
from
Brigham
Young
University(BYU)
has
shown
that
the
association
may
be
even
stronger
than
previously realized.
It
finds that
sunlight
exposure
is
by
far
the
greatest
weather-related
factor
determining mental health outcomes. In other words: more sunshine, more happiness.


For
the
study,
a
psychologist,
a
physicist
and
a
statistician
from BYU
teamed
up
to
compare
daily
environmental
data
from
the
university's
Physics
and
Astronomy
Weather
Station
with
emotional health data archived by day for 16,452 adult therapy patients who were being treated
at the BYU Counseling and Psychological Services Center.

Exposure to sunlight is a significant factor in seasonal affective disorder. Research has shown
that the brain produces more of the feel-good neurotransmitter serotonin on sunny days than it
does on darker days. What's more, lack of sunlight is linked with lower vitamin D levels, which in
turn has been correlated with depression and low energy.

If you're getting enough sun, your emotions should remain relatively stable, the researchers
found.
But
as
the
amount of
sunlight
in
the
day
is reduced,
levels
of
emotional
pain
can
soar.
Other
weather
variables
including
temperature,
pollution
and
rain
were
not
found
to
have
an
impact on mental health.


were
not
significantly
correlated
with
clients'
scores
on
the
distress
measure
once
we
had
accounted
for
suntime,
Dr.
Mark
Beecher, a
professor of
psychology
at
the
university
and
the
study's lead author, told The Huffington Post.
other meteorological phenomena with sadness or depression, but we did not find that.

（
1
）
What does the author suggest we do in Paragraph 1?

ed the benefits of sunshine.

hibernating in springtime.

up in a blanket in cold weather.

sunshine even in cold weather.

（
2
）
The underlined word

sharply.

unstably.

slightly.

greatly.

（
3
）
What does the passage say about the research done by BYU?

is done on normal adults of various ages.

is carried out by Dr Mark Beecher alone.

concludes the sunshine means happiness.

finds that temperature affects mental health.

（
4
）
What can be inferred from the passage?

vitamin D levels are helpful in keeping us energetic

research findings are inconsistent with the popular belief.

more sunshine we get, the less excited we are likely to feel.

link between sunshine and mental health was unknown before.

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说 明文，研究表明：阳光照射是影响心理健康结果的最重要
的天气因素。换句话说：阳光越多，幸福越多。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“But making time to get outside in the sun, even when
it's cold out, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize”
花时间晒太阳，甚至当外
面很冷的时候也要 这样做，这可能对你的情绪有很大好处。可知，作者建议我们晒太阳，
哪怕天气很冷。故选
D< br>。


（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的
“If
you're
g
etting
enough
sun,
your
emotions
should
remain
relatively
stable,
the
researchers
found.
But
as
the
amount
of
sunlight
in
the
day
is
reduced,
levels
of
emotional
pain
can
soar.”
如果你获得足够的阳光，你的情绪应该会保 持相
对地稳定。可以推知，当光照量减少的时候，人们的情绪就不会那么稳定，痛苦情绪就会
增 加。故选
A
。


（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“It
finds
that
sunlight
exposure
is
by
far
the
greatest
weather-related
factor
determining
mental
health
outcomes.
In
other
words:
more
sunshine,
more
happiness.”
研究发现，阳光照 射是影响心理健康结果最重要的天气因素。换句话说：
阳光越多，越快乐。故选
C
。< br>

（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“People
tend
to
associ
ate
rainy
days,
pollution,
and
other meteorological phenomena with sadness or depression, but we did not find that”
人们倾向
于 将雨天、污染和其他气象现象与悲伤或抑郁联系起来，但我们的研究没有发现这一点。
可知，
B YU
的研究结果和大众的看法不一致。故选
B
。


【点评 】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅
读，考生需要准确捕捉 细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选
出正确答案。


4
．
阅读理解



Coral
reefs
(
珊瑚礁
)
are
an
integral
part
of
sea
life
and
sustain
it
by
providing
shelter
and
habitat to various organisms. They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing
fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem. However, the rise
in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime
coral bleaching (
白化现象
) events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to
abandon them.

In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a
study
that
involved
using
loudspeakers
underwater
near
damaged
coral
reefs
to
make
them
sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick- starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs
and their dependent life forms. The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the
Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The site is noted to have the
largest coral reef system in the world.



coral
reefs
are
remarkably
noisy
places-the
crackle
of
snapping
shrimp
and
the
whoops and grunts of fish. Young fish concentrate on these sounds when they're looking for a
place to settle,
UK.


By
using
loudspeakers
to
copy
such
sounds,
parts
of
dead
coral
reefs
were
found
to
attract
twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played.
crucial
for
coral
reefs
to
function
as
healthy
ecosystems.
Boosting
fish
populations
in
this
way
could help to kick-start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage we're seeing on many
coral reefs around the world,

（
1
）
What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching?

e species.

pollution.

g industry.

ng temperatures.

（
2
）
What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs?

ng damaged coral reefs.

loudspeakers to keep fish away.

ng new homes for sea species.

g certain sounds to appeal to fish.

（
3
）
Why are Steve Simpson's words quoted?

provide some findings of the study.

show the progress of the experiment.

explain reasons for the new approach.

give another solution to the problem.

（
4
）
What can we infer from the last paragraph?

attempts are in vain.

l recovery is impossible.

l success has been achieved.

coral reefs have returned to normal.

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于气候变化导致的平均水温上升导致了更频 繁、
更长期的珊瑚白化事件，而为了恢复这一脆弱的生态系统，科学家们在受损的珊瑚礁附近
使 用水下扩音器，让珊瑚听起来更健康，从而能够吸引鱼类。作者解释了采用这一方法的
原因以及这一新方 法获得了初步成功。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“However,
the
rise
in average water
temperatures
du
e
to
climate
change
has
resulted
in
more
frequent
and
longtime
u
coral
bleaching
events
that
damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them .”
然而，由于气候变化
导致的平均水温上升导致了更频繁、更长期的珊瑚白化事件，损害了它 们的健康，导致鱼
类和其他海洋物种抛弃它们，可知，气温攀升是导致珊瑚白化现象的原因。故选
D
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“In
order
to
restore
this
delicate
ecosystem,
scientists
from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near
damaged
coral reefs
to
make
them
sound
healthy
and attract
fish,
potentially
kick-starting
the
natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms.”
为了恢复这一脆弱的生
态系统， 来自英国和澳大利亚的科学家们进行了一项研究，他们在受损的珊瑚礁附近使用
水下扩音器，让它们听起 来更健康，吸引鱼类，这可能会启动珊瑚礁的自然恢复过程及其
依赖的生命形式，可知，应当采用播放某 些声音来吸引鱼的方法来恢复珊瑚礁。故选
D
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的
“Healthy
coral
reefs
are
remarkab
ly
noisy
places-
the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish.”
健康的珊 瑚礁是非常吵杂的
地方
——
虾的噼啪声和鱼的呼噜呼噜声，可知，引用
Ste ve
Simpson
的话是为了解释采用这
一新方法的原因。故选
C
。


（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of
dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds
were played.”
通过使用扩音器来模仿这些声音，人们发现部分死去的珊瑚礁比没 有声音的地
方能吸引两倍多的鱼，可推知这一新方法初步取得了成功。故选
C
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


5
．
阅读理解


Nothing good generally comes of a conversation that start with the words,
probably sit down before I tell you this.”


And
so
it
came
to
pass.
Away
for
Christmas,
we
got
a
call
from
kind
friends
at
home,
our
neighbour's house had caught fire while they were out. The fire didn't spread to our house but
the smoke very much did.

It's weeks of either throwing out, or sending away for specialist cleaning, every single thing into
which smoke could have permeated(
渗透
)because the particles(
微粒
) are an ongoing health risk
and washing isn't enough. Anything soft
—
sofas and carpets and children's teddy bears, clothes
—
is suspected. We will be seeing in the New Year in a decidedly minimalist fashion.

What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky. Friends and neighbours have come together
with
incredible
generosity.
We
will
never
again
underestimate
the
closeness
of
the
village
community
in
which
we
live,
or
the
innate
kindness
that
is
most
people's
natural
reaction
to
trouble, and are grateful to be reminded of so much that is good. But that's not the only thing I've
learned. For in a sense, we have a chance to start again.

The surprise on being forced to think about what might urgently need replacing is how short
the list of essentials seems; how much we must have been hanging on to out of habit, and how
much we have been conditioned to think was important.

It's all too easily assumed that family history lives in tangible(
有形的
)things
—
old photographs,
a dress bought decades ago for a night heavy with memories
—
but that's not quite right. These
things were only reminders of what we already carry with us in head and heart.

Walking through the house, sweeping up the broken glass, I realised that the answer to the old
question
of

would
you
save
in
a
fire?

is
actually
that
nothing
really
matters
but
each
other.

（
1
）
What happened to the author's house?

caught a fire.

was affected by a fire.

was broken into by friends.

windows were broken.

（
2
）
What does the underlined word

ing that may be damaged.

ing that may not be genuine.

ing that may not be so good.

ing that may be dangerous.

（
3
）
What did the author expect to feel?

around him were cold to others' trouble.

friends and neighbours were so generous.

in his community were close to each other.

was so lucky to find much that was good.

（
4
）
How will the author probably feel when the New Year finally comes?

d.

sed.

d.

ted.

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者家房子受到火灾影响，物品受损，一切都 需要
清理，但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助，让作者感受到了他们的善良，对他们感恩。作者感
受 到拥有彼此才是最重要的。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“our neighbour's house had caught fire while they were
out.
The
fire
didn't
spread
to
our
house
but
the
smoke
very
much
did.”
；第三段中的
“every