2021年1月23日发(作者：肛毛)
（英语）英语阅读理解题
20
套
(
带答案
)
及解析


一、高中英语阅读理解

1
．
阅读理解


Robots
make
me
nervous
—
especially
the
ones
which
seem
to
think
for
themselves.
I
was
embarrassed to admit this till I heard that Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, felt the same way.

Gates said in an interview with the social networking and news website Reddit:
camp that is concerned about super intelligence. First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us
and not be super intelligent
．
That should be positive if we manage well. A few decades after that,
though, the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern.

Well, maybe I don't have to worry about my computer and kitchen equipment yet. After I use
them I can always pull the plug. But in the future, machines might find a way to prevent us from
switching them off. There's a terrible thought!

Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us is not that they are evil like some we've
seen in sci-fi movies. What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient. That's what
philosopher Nick Bostrom from Oxford University believes. He says that machines are indifferent
to humans and in pursuit of their own goals
，
the destruction of people might be just additional
damage. Bostrom gives us an example: A machine which might have its only goal to produce as
many paperclips as possible might look at human bodies as extra material for paperclips and go
after you. Because it is, well, a machine, it would not take pity on you.

It's a good thing that American writer Isaac Asimov thought about how far robots can go and
left us his three rules of robotics. They state that a robot may not hurt a human being or allow
the human being to come to harm.

I'm glad my machines at home are
my living room. Let's hope they don't create an appliance which wants to take over the world!

（
1
）
The author quoted Bill Gates' words in Paragraph 2 in order to make the text________.

A. better- known
B. more persuasive
C. better-organized
D. more interesting

（
2
）
An intelligent paperclip machine would harm us because _______.

A. it is much cleverer than us B. it would take over the world

C. it has the strong feeling of destroying us
D. it would see us just as material

（
3
）
How does the author feel about Isaac Asimov's rules of robotics?

A. Optimistic
B. Worried
C. Disappointed
D. Regretful

（
4
）
What does the text mainly focus on?

A. The benefits of future robots.
B. The new applications of robots.

C. The concern for super intelligence.
D. The popularity of robots in the future.

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明 文，介绍了智能机器人可能给人类带来伤害以及美国作
家
Isaac Asimov
为此制定了三条机器人规则，作者旨在引起人们对智能机器人的关注。

（
1
）考查推理判断。因为比尔盖茨是一个名人，他的观点更有说服力，所以作者才会引用他说的话，让别人更加相信他的观点。故选
B
。

（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“A machine which might have its only goal to produce as
many paperclips as possible might look at human bodies as extra material for paperclips and go
after you.”
可知智能的
paperclip machine
会把人类当成是加工材料而伤害人类。故选
D
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的
“It's
a
good
thing
that
American
writer
Isaac
Asimov
thought about how far robots can go and left us his three rules of robotics.”
可知作者认为
Isaac
Asimov
所制定 的机器人规则是好事情，说明他对此持乐观的态度。故选
A
。

（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据主题段第一段可知人们对于人工智能，尤其是机器人的迅速发展
持有谨慎 的态度，认为人工智能的过快发展会影响到人类的未来。故选
C
。

【点评】 本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类
阅读，要求考生在捕捉细 节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。< br>

2
．
阅读理解

Forcing waiters and waitresses to survive on tips from customers rather than normal wages is a
pointless,
crude,
and
unique
American
custom
that,
in
the
past
several
years,
a
handful
of
progressive
restaurant
owners
have
attempted
to
do
away
with.
Danny
Meyer,
CEO
of
Union
Square
Hospitality
Group,
is
about
to
join
their
ranks
and
has
announced
that
he
plans
to
gradually stop tipping at the company's 13 restaurants.


What,
exactly,
is
wrong
with
tipping?
As
Brian
Palmer
has
explained,
more
or
less
it's
everything. To start, leaving a waiter's pay in the hands of customers has a feeling of classism (
阶
级歧视
). And in theory, handing restaurant customers the power to tip is at least supposed to
motivate better service. This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty arbitrary (
随
意的
) about their tipping behavior. Research has shown that the amount diners tip has very little
to do with their level of satisfaction. All of this doesn't encourage waiters and waitresses to do
anything but turn over as many tables as possible.

Tipping is also very unfair to kitchen staff. The law allows restaurants to divide tips between
front-of-the-house workers like waiters, hosts, hostesses, and bartenders (
调酒师
), but not cooks.
This creates a system in which the people serving the food in a restaurant can earn more than the
people preparing it.

One of the most fascinating parts of Meyer's move is that, unlike some restaurant owners who
have
taken
an
anti-tipping
stand,
he
won't
simply
add
a
standard
extra
charge
to
diners'
bills.
Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost
of a meal. If Meyer manages to move away from tipping at all without hurting his profits, it would
almost certainly set the stage for others to follow suit.

（
1
）
What's Danny Meyer's attitude towards stopping tipping?

A. Negative. B. Supportive. C. Objective. D. Doubtful.

（
2
）
What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A. Tipping may disturb the restaurants' management.
B. Tipping will guarantee diners high
quality service.

C. Tipping
can
arouse
the
staff's
enthusiasm
for
work.
D. Tipping
will
bring
customers
a
sense of satisfaction.

（
3
）
What can we know about Union Square Hospitality group?

A. Brian Palmer is in charge of it now.
B. Its cooks earn much more than its servers.

C. Restaurant tipping has been totally banned there.
D. Diners will be charged more for the
dishes there.

（
4
）
What is the topic of the passage?

A. Restaurants' getting rid of tipping. B. Difficulties that restaurants are faced with.

C. The popularity of no-tipping restaurants.
D. Tips on running restaurants successfully.

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
D

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论 文，介绍了强迫服务员和侍者靠顾客的小费，而不是正
常的工资维持生计是一种毫无意义、粗鲁、独特的 美国风俗，过去几年，一些进步的餐馆
老板试图消除这种风俗。

（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group,
is
about
to
join
their
ranks
and
has
announced
that
he
plans
to
gradually
stop
tipping
at
the
company's
13
restaurants.”
可知
Danny
Meyer
宣布他计 划逐步停止在该公司
13
家餐厅给小
费，这表明他对停止给小费是支持的，故选
B
。

（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“leaving a waiter's pay in the hands of customers has a
feeling
of
classism
(
阶级歧视
)
．
This
fails
in
practice
because
humans
turn
out
to
be
pretty
arbitrary
(
随意的
)
about
their
tipping
behavior.”
和
“All
of
this
doesn't
encourage
waiters
and
waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible.”
可知给服务员小费有一个阶
级歧视的感 觉，由于人类的随意性并不能达到预期效果，起不到鼓励服务员的作用。这些
都会扰乱饭店的管理，故选
A
。

（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“Ra
ther,
Union
Square
Hospitality
Group
means
to
raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal.”
可知
Union Square Hospitality Group
打算提高菜单价格，这样顾客就会为饭菜多支付钱，故选
D
。

（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的
“Danny
Meyer,
……
has
announced
that
he
plans
to
gradually stop tipping at
the company's 13 restaurants.”
点明了本文主要内容，下文 介绍了给小
费的不良影响及
Danny
Meyer
这一举动的意义。本文是 围绕禁止给小费这一事件写的，
Restaurants' getting rid of tipping
适合作为标题，故选
A
。

【点评】本题考点涉及推 理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需
要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳， 从而选出正确答案。


3
．
阅读理解

Little New Year (Chinese: Xiaonian), usually a week before the lunar New Year, falls on Feb 8
this year. It is also known as the Festival of the Kitchen God, the deity(
神
) who oversees the moral
character
of
each
household.
Here
are
six
things
you
should
know
about
the
Little
New
Year,
another sign of the start of spring.


⒈
Offer sacrifices to Kitchen God

One of the most distinctive traditions of the Little New Year is the burning of a paper image of
the Kitchen God, who will report on the family's conduct over the past year. The offerings to the
Kitchen God include pig's head, fish, sweet bean paste, melons, fruit, boiled dumplings, barley
sugar, and Guandong candy, a sticky treat made out of glutinous millet and sprouted wheat. Most
of the offerings are sweets of various varieties. It is thought that this will seal the Kitchen God's
mouth and encourage him to only say good things about the family when he ascends to heaven
to make his report.


⒉
House cleaning

According to Chinese folk beliefs, during the last month of the year ghosts and
deities must
choose either to return to Heaven or to stay on Earth. It is believed that in order to ensure the
ghosts and deities' timely departure people must thoroughly clean both their persons and their
houses, down to every last drawer and cupboard.


⒊
Eat Guandong candy


Guandong
candy,
a
sticky
treat
made
out
of
glutinous
millet
and
sprouted
wheat,
is
a
traditional snack that Chinese people eat on the Festival of the Kitchen God.


⒋
Paste paper-cuts to windows

In the Little New Year, old couplets and paper-cuts from the previous Spring Festival are taken
down, and new window decorations, New Year's posters, and auspicious(
吉利的
) decorations are
pasted up.


⒌
Bath and hair-cut


As
the
old
Chinese
saying
goes,
whether
they're
rich
or
poor,
people
often
have
a
haircut
before the Spring Festival. The activity of taking bath and haircut is often taken on the Little New
Year.


⒍
Preparations for Spring Festival

People start to stock up necessary provisions for the Spring Festival since the Little New Year.
Everything needed to make offerings to the ancestors, entertain guests, and feed the family over
the long holiday must be purchased in advance.

（
1
）
What is the most unusual tradition in the Little New Year?

A. Offering sacrifices to the Kitchen God B. Burning paper image of Kitchen God

C. Preparing the necessity for the New Year
D. Cleaning house and people themselves

（
2
）
What is the Kitchen God's duty in the man's world?

A. Collecting the information of the man's world
B. Protecting the character of each home

C. Gathering sacrifices for other Gods in heaven
D. Overseeing the moral people in the world

（
3
）
Why are most of the offerings sweets?

A. Because the Kitchen God loves sweet foods.
B. As it is the traditional customs.

C. As people hope the God says good for them.
D. Because sweets are the best sacrifices.

（
4
）
Which of the following statements is probably TRUE according to the passage?

A. Little New Year always falls in February.
B. House cleaning is to welcome the New Year.

C. In the Little New Year only paper-cuts are pasted up.
D. People will make full preparations
for the coming New Year.

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国
Little New Year的六种民间习俗，
“
小年
”
也
预示着春季的开始。

（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“One of the most distinctive traditions of the Little New
Year is the burning o
f a paper image of the Kitchen God,”
可知，小年夜最与众不同的传统之一
是烧灶神像。故选
B
。

（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“it is also known as the Festival of the Kitchen God, the
deity(
神
) who oversees the moral character of each household.”
可知，灶神在人间的职责是监
管各家各户。故选
D
。

（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“It is thought t
hat this will seal the Kitchen God's mouth
and encourage him to only say good things about the family when he ascends to heaven to make
his report.”
可知，人们用甜品贡灶神是为了让灶神替他们在天上美言。故选C
。

（
4
）考查细节理解。根据第一段
“…falls on Feb 8 this year.”
可知
A
项不正确，根据第三段中
的
“It
is
believed
tha
t
in
order
to
ensure
the
ghosts
and
deities'
timely
departure
people
must
thoroughly
clean…”
可知
B
项不正确，根据第五段可知
C
项不正确，根据最后一段可知
D
项
正确 ，故选
D
。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读 ，要求考生准确捕捉细节
信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。


4
．
阅读理解



The
killdeer,
a
small
bird
known
for
its
high- pitched(
声调高的
)call,
could
lead
to
the
cancellation(
取消
) of one of Canada' biggest music festivals.

The first hint of trouble for Ottawa's Bluesfest, an outdoor festival that draws around 300,000
people each year, came last week after workers at the site found one of the birds. It had laid four
eggs
nearby, effectively
claiming
the
main
stage area
as
its
nesting
ground.

is
one
of
the
most challenging problems we've been presented with, but we feel we can work through this,
said Mark Monahan, executive director of the festival.
major effect, so we're taking it very seriously.

The discovery meant that government officials rushed to protect the nest and the eggs, hiring a
security guard to watch over them 24 hours a day.


Environmentalists
were
also
brought
in.

don't
know
when
the
eggs
might
hatch,
said
Monahan. What is known is that the young killdeer will likely leave the nest soon after they are
hatched, leading many to hope that the eggs hatch in the next day or so.


The
festival
is
now
seeking
permission
from
Environment
Canada
to
relocate(
搬迁
)the
nest
some 50 meters away or take it to a wildlife center. Moving the nest would also ensure the bird
and its young would be protected during the festival's 11-day run, said Monahan. It's highly likely
that the festival's thousands of attendees would cause huge problems for the bird and its eggs.
Monahan was confident that the festival would go on as planned, however.
we're working with are looking for a positive solution,
that the festival can't go on.

As news of the dilemma spread, it left residents divided. Some supported the bird, saying that
moving
the
nest
might
result
in
the
eggs
being
abandoned.
Others
expressed
annoyance
that
protecting the eggs of the small bird, which is widespread across North America, was risking an
annual festival that contributes millions of dollars to the local economy.

The killdeer's tendency to build its nest in open fields or flat areas has caused issues in other
areas of the US: earlier this year, construction of a health center in Wisconsin was temporarily
stopped after a killdeer and its four eggs were discovered.

（
1
）
What can we learn about Bluesfest?

is the first music festival in Canada.

is an important event for music lovers.

is a music festival held every two years.

is a challenging outdoor activity in Ottawa.

（
2
）
What was especially challenging for Bluesfest this year?

re from the government.

eements with the public.

need to protect the bird's eggs.

lack of experience in hosting the event.

（
3
）
How did the festival plan to deal with the problem?

the nest to another place.

government officials for help.

advice from environmentalists.

security guards to protect the eggs.

（
4
）
The underlined word

A.a difficult situation

extreme situation

C.a dangerous situation

encouraging situation

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，对于音乐爱好者来说，非常重大的加拿大音乐 事件
Bluesfest,
在上周工作人员在现场发现了一只小水鸟，它在附近下了四个蛋，把 主要舞台区
域作为它的筑巢地，以及就主办方准备将鸟巢搬离此处引发了人们讨论。


（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“The

first
hint
of
trouble
for
Ottawa's
Bluesfest,
an
outdoor festival that draws around 300,000 people each year, came last week after workers at
the site found one of the birds.”
可知渥太华的
Bluesfest,是一个每年吸引约
30
万人参加的户外
节日。因此
Bluesfest,
对音乐爱好者来说是一个重要的事件。故选
B
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“It
had
laid
four
eggs
nearby,
effectively
claiming
the
main stage area as its nesting ground. ”
小水鸟在舞台附近下了
4
个蛋；和第四段中的
“‘This is
one
of
the
most
challenging
problems
we've
been
presented
with,
but
we
feel
we
can
work
through this,’ said Mark Monahan, executive director of the festival.”
音乐节执行总监说：< br>“
这是
我们面临的最具挑战性的问题之一，我觉得我们可以解决这个问题
”。得知

保护鸟蛋是今
年
Bluesfest
面临挑战的事情。 故选
C
。


（
3
）
考
查
细
节
理解
。根
据
第
五
段
中
的< br>“The
festival
is
now
seeking
permission
from
Environment
Canada
to
relocate(
搬迁
)the
nest
some
50
meters
away
or
take
it
to
a
wildlife
cent er.”
可知现在该节日正在寻求加拿大环境部的许可，将鸟巢迁移到
50
米外，或带 到野
生动物中心，可以得知为了解决这个问题，节日筹备方打算把鸟巢搬到另一个地方。故选
A
。


（
4
）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的
“Moving
the
nest
would
also
ensure
the
bird
and
its
young would be protected during the festival's 11-day run, said Monahan. It's highly likely that
the festival's thousands of attendees would cause huge problems for the bird and its eggs.”
可知
Mona han
说，为期
11
天的节日活动中，移动鸟巢能确保鸟儿和其幼鸟得到保护。但是极
有可能，成千上万的参与者会给这只鸟和它的蛋带来巨大的问题。可以推断出当时的处境
困难， 故选
A
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断 三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析 ，推理，从而选出
正确答案。


5
．
阅读理解


The
noise
of
chattering
mouths
subsided
（平息）
as
the
teacher
entered
classroom.
“Good
morning
class.
I
am
Riffat
Monaf,
and
I
will
be
your
geography
teacher.”
Riffat
Monaf,
an
interesting
name
and
an
even
more
interesting
person.
Her
introduction
took
place
about
six
years ago, and since then I have never met a more influential person in my life.

Mrs Monaf not only conquered me with her vast knowledge of geography, but also won me
over with her smile and warm eyes. It was in her class that I traveled to the highest mountains
and to the deepest seas from the comfort of the classroom. I learned about the vast oceans, the
erupting volcanoes, the snow- capped mountains and the green valleys. She would often relate
her adventures about traveling to different parts of the world.

Never can I forget the glory of her face when she talks about how truly beautiful this world is. If
I search back my love for the environment and geography, I find her to be the source of my love
for preserving nature. If one day I became an environmentalist, I know that I'll thank her for it.
Apart
from
this,
she
has
always
greeted
me
with
open
arms
and
she
calls
her
students
“my
children”.
Mrs
Monaf's
morals
and
values
rubbed
off
me
deeply
and
I
have
always
taken
her
advice into consideration. She has been one of the most consistently good things in my life.

Currently, she is fighting a battle against breast cancer, and it pains me to know that after all
she has done for me; I can do nothing for her except pray. Whenever I see her in school, she still
keeps that kind smile and an expression so soft that it trembles my heart. Mrs Monaf still talks
enthusiastically about geography, and I know that I can never see what a truly great person she
has been in my life. .

（
1
）
What can we learn from the second paragraph?

A. The writer traveled a lot. B. Mrs Monaf was a learned person.

C. The writer did well at school.
D. Mrs Monaf enjoyed telling stories.

（
2
）
The underlined word “rubbed off” means
.

A. moved B. shocked C. influenced D. defeated

（
3
）
What do we know from the last paragraph?

A. Mrs. Monaf was an optimistic person. B. Breast cancer made Mrs. Monaf upset.

C. Another great person may appear in my life.
D. Praying for Mrs. Monaf made the writer
tremble.

（
4
）
What would be the best title for the passage?

A. My Interesting School Life B. The Teacher-student Friendship

C. An Influential Person in My Life
D. Brave Fight Against Breast Cancer

【答案】
（
1
）
B

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
A

（
4
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了生命中有影响力的人。

(1)
考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“Mrs
Monaf
not
only
conquered
me
with
her
vast
knowledge of geography, but also won me over with her smile and warm eyes”.
可知
Mrs Monaf
是一个有学问的人。故选
B
。

(2)
考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的
“If
one
day
I
became
an
environmentalist,
I
know
that
I'll
thank her for it. ”
如果有一天我成为了环保主义者，我知道我会感谢她的。；
“Apart from this,
she has always greeted me with open arms and she calls her students ‘my children’”.
除此之外 ，
她总是张开双臂欢迎我，她称她的学生为
“
我的孩子
”
。；
“
Mrs
Monaf's
morals
and
values
rubbed off me deeply and I have always taken her advice into consideration.”
Mrs Monaf'
的道德
和价值观深深地影响了 我，我也一直把她的建议考虑进去。由此可推知划线部分的意思是
“
影响
”
， 故选
C
。

(3)
考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“Whenever
I
see
her
in
school,
she
still
keeps
that
kind
smile and an expression so soft that it trembles my heart. Mrs Monaf still talks enthusiastically
about geography, and I know that I can never see what a truly great person she has been in my
life. ”
可知
Mrs. Monaf
是一个乐观的人。故选
A
。

(4)
考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的
“Riffat
Monaf,
an
interesting
name
and
an
even
more
interesting person. Her introduction took place about six years ago, and since then I have never
met a more influential person in my life.”
可知讲述的是
“
我生命中有影响力的人”
。故选
C
。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主 旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅
读，要求考生根据上下文进行分逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选 出正确答案。