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说到非限定性定语从句的讲解,
还要分成不同的部分,
首 先大家要知道就得就
是该从句的作用是什么。
其实它在句子中是一个独立的成分,
不会 受到主句的
限制,
把从句去掉之后,
主句仍然是成立的。
这也是为什么它会叫 做非限定性
定语从句。
其次,大家要了解该从句的形式:
非限制 性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密,
因而通常要用逗号
与主句分隔开。例如:< br>
Have
you
seen
the
film
Titanic,
whose
leading
actor
is
world
famous?
你看过
“
泰坦尼克号
”
这部电影吗
?
它的男主演可是世界闻名的。
My
friend,
who
has
served
on
the
International
Olympic
Committee
all
his
l
ife,
is
retiring
next
month.
我有位朋友,他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会,下个月就要退休了。
下面就是关于该从句不同类型的介绍:
(1)
who
引导的非限制性定语从句
Our
guide
,
who
was
a
French
Canadian
,
was
an
excellent
cook.
我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长于烹调。
My
ga
rdener
,
who
is
very
pessimistic
,
says
that
there
will
be
no
apples
this
year.
我家的园丁非常悲观,他说今年将不结苹果。
(2)
whom< br>引导的非限制性定语
从句关系代词
whom
用于指人,
在句中作动词宾 语和介词宾语,
作介词宾语时,
介词可位于句末。如:
Peter,
whom
you
met
in
London,
is
now
back
in
Pari
s.
彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。
Mr
Smith
,
from
whom
I
have
learn
ed
a
lot
,
is
a
famous
scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那儿< br>学了许多东西。
(3)
whose
引导的非限制性定语从句
whose
是关系代词
who
的所有格形式,在从句中作定语。
whose
通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事
物。如:
The
boy,
whose
father
is
an
engineer,
studies
very
hard.
那位小男孩
学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。
Above
the
trees
are
the
mountains
whos
e
magnificence
the
river
faithfully
reflects
on
the
surface.
在树林的高处是
山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。
The
play
,
whose
style
is
rigidly
form
al
,
is
typical
of
the
period.
这剧本是那个时期的典型作品,
风格 拘谨刻板。
(4)
which
引导的非限制性定语从句
关系代词
which
在非限制性定语从句中所
指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容 词、短语、其他从句或整个主句,在
从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。①
which
指代主句中的名词,
被指代的名词包括表示物、
婴儿或动物的名词、
表示单数意义的集体名词以及
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表示职业、品格等的名词。如:
These
apple
trees
,
which
I
planted
three
yea
rs
ago
,
have
not
borne
any
fruit.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果
实。
She
is
an
artist
,
which
I
am
not.
她是一位艺术家,而我不是。
Water
,
w
hich
is
a
clear
liquid
,
has
many
uses.
水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。
Th
e
two
policemen
were
completely
trusted
,
which
in
fact
they
were.
那两个警
察完全受到信任,事实上,也真是如此。②
which
指代主句中的形容词。如:
She
was
very
patient
towards
the
children
,
which
her
husband
seldom
was.
她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样。
She
is
always
careeless
,
which
we
should
not
be.
她总是马虎大意,
我们可不应该这样。
③
which
指代主句中的
某个从句。如:
He
said
that
he
had
never
seen
her
before
,
which
was
not
t
rue.
他说以前从没见过她,这不是真的。④
which
指代整个主句。如:
In
the
presence
of
so
many
people
he
was
little
tense,
which
was
understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。
He
may
have
acute
appendic
itis
,
in
which
case
he
will
have
to
be
operated
on.
他可能得了急性盲肠炎,
如果是这样,他就得动手术。
When
deeply
absorbed
in
work
,
which
he
ofte
n
was
,
he
would
forget
all
about
eating
and
sleeping.
他经常聚精会神地工
作,这时他会废寝忘食。
(5)
when
引导 的非限制性定语从句关系副词
when
在
非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指代主句中 表示时间的词语。如:
He
will
put
off
the
picnic
until
May
1st,
when
he
will
be
free.
他将把郊游推迟到
5< br>月
1
号,那时他将有空。
(6)
where
引导的非限制性 定语从句关系副词
where
在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。 如:
They
went
to
London
,
where
they
lived
for
six
months.
他们去了伦敦,
在那儿呆了
六个月的时间。
They
reached
there
yesterday,
where
a
negotiation
of
sale
wi
ll
be
held.
他们昨天抵达那里
,
有一个关于销售的谈判在那儿举行。
(7)
as
引导
的非限制性定 语从句
as
引出非限定性定语从句时,代替整个主句,对其进行
说明但通常用于像as
we
all
know,
as
it
is
know,
as
is
know
to
all,
as
it
is,
as
is
said
above,
as
always
mentioned
above,
as
is
usual,
as
is
often
the
c
ase,
as
is
reported
in
the
newspaper
等句式中。
as
在非限定性定语从句中作主
语、表语或宾语,且引出的从句位置比较灵活,可位于 句首或句末,也可置于
主句中间。
通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。
as
有“
正如
……
,
就像
……”
之意。
如:
As
it
known
to
the
United
States,
Mark
Twain
is
a
great
American
wr
iter.
美国 人都知道,
马克
?
吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
(as
在从句中作主 语
)He
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forgot
to
bring
his
pen
with
him,
as
was
often
the
case.
他忘了带笔,这是
常事。
(as
在从句中作主语
)He
is
absorbed
in
work,
as
he
often
was.
他正在
全神贯注地工作,他过去经常这样。
(as
在从句中作表语
)Boy
as
he
was
,
he
was
chosen
king.
他虽是孩子,却被选为国王。
(as
在从句中作表语
)as
we
a
ll
know,
the
earth
is
round.
众所周知,地球是圆的。
(as
在从句中作宾语
)The
two
brothers
were
satisfied
with
this
decision
,
as
was
agreed
beforehand.
两
兄弟对此决定都满意,这项决定在 事前都已得到他们的同意。
(as
在从句中作
主语
)Taiwan
is
,
as
you
know
,
an
inseparable
part
of
China.
你知道, 台湾是
中国不可分割的一部分。
(as
在从句中作宾语
)(8)“
介 词
+
关系代词
”
引导的非限
制性定语从句
在介词 后引导非限制性定语从句。
关系代词
which
有时并不代
表主句中某一确定 的词,
而是概括整个主句的意思。
介词的选择取决于它与先
行词的搭配或与从句中谓语 动词的搭配。
They
were
short
of
sticks
to
make
frames
for
the
climbing
vines
,
without
which
the
yield
would
be
halved.
他
们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿,没有它们产量会减少一半。
They
thanked
Tom
,
witho
ut
whose
support
they
would
not
have succeeded.
这些邻居是北京来的,昨天
我被介绍同他们认识了。
(9) “
名词
/
代词
+of+which
/
whom”
引导的非限制性定
语从句
It
now
has
20
,
000
hectares
of
land
,
more
than
two-thirds
of
whic
h
are
under
cultivation.
现在它拥有两万公顷土地,其中三分之二之多已经耕
种。
Light
is
the
fast
thing
in
the
world,
the
speed
of
which
is
300.000
kilo
meteThere
are
30
chairs
in
the
small
hall,
most
of
which
are
new.
大厅里有
三十把椅子,绝大部分是新的。
The
textile
mill
has
over
8
,
000
workers
an
d
staff
,
eighty
per
cent
of
whom
are
women.
这家纺织厂有
8
千多职工,女
职工占百分之八十。
除此之外大家还要注意一些非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况:
1.
非限制性定语从句不可用
that
引导,
在非限制性定语从句中用
who(
作主语
)
/
whom(
作宾语
)
指人,
用
which(
作主语
/
宾语
)
指物,
用
whose
作定语
(
指人
/
物
)
。例如:
The
famous
basketball
star,
who
tried
to
make
a
comeback,
attracted
a
lot
o
f
attention.
这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。
The
film,
whose
director
is
an
old
man,
is
very
instructive.
这部电影很有教育意义,
它的导演是位老人。
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