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英语语言知识归纳
英语强调句型用法分析
山东省潍坊第七中学
刘永科
英语中,表示“强调”的 方法有很多。首先,在一个句子中我们
可以通过嵌入某些单词或短语来实现。例如:
That is the very reason why I want to apologize to you.
(
very
表示
“恰恰,正是”的含义,表示强调。
)
What
i
n the world
(
on earth
) did you mean by saying that?
(
in the
world
和
on earth
两个短语都表示
“究竟,
到底”
的含义,
表示强调。
)
I don’t like the picture
at all.
(
at all
和
not
连用,表示强调:
“一
点也不”
。
)
He shouldn’t be blamed for that because he is
nothing but
a child.
(
nothing but
理解为“仅仅,只不过”的意思,表示强调。
)
The family did manage to send him to a technical school.
(
在谓语动
词之前加
do, does, did
也可以达到强调动词词义的目的。
)
但在更多的时候,我们则使用强调句型来实现“强调”之目的。
例如:
It is human activity that has caused this global warming. (
选修
6
第
4
单元
)
It< br>引导的强调句,是英语中最常见、最常用的语言现象,也是英
语学习中的重点和难点。
在 我们课本里面,
强调句型可以说比比皆是。
例如:
I
wonder
if
it’s
because
I
haven’t
been
able
to
be
outdoors
for
so
long t
hat I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (
必修
1
第
1
单元
)
被强调的部分是一个原因状语从句。
不仅如此,在近几年的高考试题中,强调句亦频繁出现。例如:
It wasn’t until nearly a month later ______ I received the manager’s
reply. (2005
全国
)
A. since
B. when
C. as
D. that
(
此题考查 “
not…until…
”的强调句型,答案是
D
。由于被强调
的部 分是时间状语,
命题者给了三个与时间有关的干扰选项。
但不要
忘记这是一个强调句型 ,选
that
没错。
)
--- ______ that he managed to get the information? (2005
山东
)
--- Oh, a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it
B. What was it
C. How was it
D. Why was it
(
此题考查的内容虽然是“方式”
,而不是强调句本身,但这
4
个
选项全都用了强调句型的特殊疑问式,
无疑增加了理解的难度。
句子的意思是:他究竟是怎样设法得到这消息的?答案是
C
。
)
下面总结归纳
it
强调句型的用法及其注意要点。
强调句型的构成是:
It is (was) +
被强调部分
+ that (who) +
句子
的其他成分
。被强调的部分放在
It is (was)
之后,其它部分置于
that
之后。被强调部分可以是
主语,宾 语,表语或状语
。强调的主语如果
是人,可以由
who
代替
that
。如果把该句型结构还原,应该是一个完
整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的一种 方法。
1.
被强调的成分举例
原句:
Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
强调主语:
It was Tom that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
强调宾语:
It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.
强调地点状语:
It
was
in
the
classroom
that
Tom
found
my
pen
yesterday.
强调时间状语:
It
was
yesterday
that
Tom
found
my
pen
in
the
classroom.
2.
强调句型的一般疑问式
直接把
is
或
was
提到
it
之前即可。例如:
Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
3.
强调句型的特殊疑问式
特殊疑问词
+ is (was) it + that +
句子的其他成分
。特殊疑问词即
是被强调的成分,例如:
Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
When was it that the Second World War broke out?
4.
用
It is
还是
It was?
我们可以根据原句时态来确定用
It is
还是
It was
。
如果原句时态
属于现在时间范畴(包括一般现在 时,现在进行式,现在完成时,一
般将来时等)
,则用
It is …
;如果 原句时态属于过去时间范畴(包括
一般过去时,
过去进行时,
过去完成时,
过 去将来时等)
,
则用
It was …
例如:
What is it that you want me to do now?
Was it John that broke the window this morning?
5. that (who)
有时可以省略
随着语言的发展,这种强调句型中的
that< br>或
who
有时可以省略。
例如:
It was my brother (that/whom) you saw the other day.
It was William (who) did it.
我们知道有这种省略现象而已,但尽量不要模仿,以免出错。
6.
并非所有的成分都可以强调
课本上讲,
“可以对句子中除谓语动词以外的成 分加以强调”
,
这
种说法是不准确的。
除了谓语动词不可强调以外,
并不是所有的表语
和状语都可以强调。如,
形容词作表语就不可以强调,表示程度和方
式的单个副词也不能强调
。例如:
* It is beautiful that Mary is.
(应改为:
Mary is really beautiful.
)
* It was hard that Tom worked.
(
应改为:
Tom worked hard indeed.
)
7.
强调原因状语从句要注意
若从 句由
as
或
since
引导,强调时则改为
because
,这是因为,
because
引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈,符合强调句的目的。
例如:
As she got up late, she missed the first bus.
变为:
It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.
8.
强调句的否定转移
有些否定句在变成强调句时,
要把否定转移到被强调的词 语之
前
。尤其是“
not… until…
”句式的强调要特别注意。例如:
Money can’t buy everything.
变为:
It is not everything that money can buy.
He didn’t realize his mistake until the teacher had told him.
变为:
It wasn’t until the teacher had told him that he realized his mistake
.
最后一句应注意,在
强调句式中,虽然
not
被提前,但“
not…
until…
”
句型不要到装
。
不可说:
*It wasn’t until the teacher had told him
did he realize his mistake.
(全文完
一、
用
Do
常用于一般现在时或一般过去 时,放在行为
动词前,加强语气,表示说话者坚定的语气;
Do
用在祈使句中时,可使请求或邀请显得更有诚意。例如:
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