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强
调
是有效地
进
行思想交流的重要手段之一。人
们
在交
际过
程中,
为
了使自己的思想能被
对
方恰
当
的理解,必
须加强语气,
突出重要的
内
容,
增加对比效果与感情色彩,这时
就
会
用到强
调
。强
调常见 的表现形式如下:
一、强调句型
为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语、宾语、或状语),常用强调句型:
It is (was +
被强调
部分
+that(who…
表示强调的
it
在句子中作主句的主语;被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语
或状语;强调的主语如果是人,< br>that
和
who
都可用。如:
Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
强调主语:
It was I that (or: who saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.
强调宾语:
It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.
强调地点状语:
It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.
强调时间状语:
It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
另外,还要注意下面几点:
1
)在强调主语时,
that
后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。如:
It is I who am a teacher.
2
)即使被强调的主语是复数,主句中的谓语动词也用单数。如:
It is they who often help me with my lessons.
3
)在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时,不能用
when
,
where
,
why
或
how
,而要用
that
。如:
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us.
It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty.
It was the house that the murder happened.
4
)在强
调
not … until
结构
中由
until
短
语
(或
从
句)表示的
时间状语时
, 要用固定的强
调
句
型:
It is(was not until ...that...
注意此时原句的
not…until
要变成
not until
,
that
从
句中的
谓语动
词
要用肯定式。
如:
My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night.
It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses
.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
5
)原句的
谓语动词
如果是
现
在或
将来
的各
种时态
,用
It is…that (who…
;如果原句谓语动词
是
过
去各
种时态
,
则
用
It was… that(who…
6
)在强
调
一般疑
问< br>句中的某一成分
时
,主句要用一般疑
问
句的
语
序。< br>that
后面的原句其余部
分在移走了被强调部分后词序及词形都不可以改动。
如:
Did this happen in Beijing?
Was it in Beijing that this happened?
7
)特殊 疑
问
句中只有疑
问词
可以强
调
,其强
调结构
是
“
疑
问词
+is (was it that...?
如:
Where were you born?
Where was it that you were born?
8
)强调句型容易和句型
It is/was+
名词
+that名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词
It is (was … that(who…
去掉,被强调部分归位后,应该能够形成一个完整
的句子(这也是判
断是否是强调句型的方法)。但后者的
It is/was…that
是不可去掉的,否则
that
前的名词就
找不到位 置,原句也不再成立,如下面这个句子如去掉
It is/was…that
就不再完整:
It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.
强调句型还容易跟
It is/was+
形容词
+that
名词从句这一句型混淆。如:
It is clear (obvious,
true, possible, certain.... that .....
该句型中
it
是形式主语,真正的主语是
that
引导的主语从句,常
译为
”
清楚
(
显然
,
真的
,
肯定
…”
是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
9
强调句可以用作宾语从句。如:
He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished.
I really can’t remember where it was that I first met the man.
10
)强调句型可有如下变体:
It is/was
变成
“
情态动词
+be”
。如:
It may be my bike that he is riding.
It must have been the manager that spoke to you.
11
)与疑问词连用构成特殊疑问句和感叹句。如:
Whom was it that Mr. Smith saw in the park yesterday?
Why is it that silver is not widely used as a conductor?
What a beautiful picture it is that you have drawn!
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