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1970-01-01 08:00
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2021年1月23日发(作者:义结金兰)
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强调句



所谓强调,就是通过某种手段把句子的一部分甚至整个句子所表达的信息加以
突出、强调。表示强调的手 段很多:


1.
用“it
引导”的强调句,又叫做分裂句(
cleft sentence



2.

what
引导一个假似分裂句,用以加强语气。

3.

do
加强语气。

4.
变换副词的位置以加强副词本身的语气。

5.

as/ though
加强语气。

6.
把宾语、表语或状语放在句首,加强语气。

7.
把现在分词、过去分词或不定式放在句首,加强语气。

8.
将要加强语气的词重复使用。

9.

-self
代词加强语气。

10.
用“附加短语”加强语气。

11.
形容词前加
very
等。

12.
比较级前加
a lot
等。

13.
最高级前加
by far
等。

14.
否定意味的强调。

15.
加入短语,加强语气。



常考的强调句结构是
it
引导的句子:
It
is
(was)
被强调部分
+
that
(who)
+
句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。例如:


原句:
My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语:
It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday
evening.
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强调宾语:
It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday
evening.
强调时间:
It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in
the lab.
(注意不用
when



强调地点:
It
was
in
the
lab
that
my
father
did
the
experiment
yesterday
evening.




1.
强调结构的陈述式



强调结构的陈述式为“It is (
was

+
被强调部分
+ that

who
)…”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等,但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用
that

who的区别是:当被强调的指
人时,

that

who
均 可;
当被强调的不是指人时,
则只能用
that
(注意不用
whic h


如:
It
was
in the office that he was killed.
他是办公室被杀害的。
(强调
in the office




It is the children who broke the window.
是孩子们打破窗户的。
(强调
the children




It was to you and not anyone else that I lent the money.
我只借钱给你,不借给其他
人。
(强调
to you and not anyone




It
is
only
when
you
have
your
own
children
that
you
realize
the
troubles
of
parenthood.
当你有了自己的孩子,
才能真切地了解到双亲的辛苦。

强调
only
when
you
have
your
own
children




2.
一般疑问句的强调结构



一般疑问句的强调结构就是将
be
提到句首,即使用“Is / Was it+ 被强调部分
+ that /
who…”。
如:
Is
it
Tommy
who
answered
the
telephone
是汤米接的电话吗
Is
it
from
advertising
that a newspaper earns a lot of its profits
报纸获利最多的部分是在于广告收入吗



3.
特殊疑问句的强调结构

特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词(
Who / What / When / Where / Why / How

+is / was
it that…”这样的形式。如:
When was it that he got married
他是什么时候结婚的
How long
ago
is
it
that
you
last
saw
her
你上一次看见她是多久以前的事
Who
was
it
that
won
the
World
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Cup in 1982
谁赢得了
1982
年的世界杯
Why is it that I always land up cleaning the bath

什么总是该我来洗刷浴缸
In which play of Shakespeare's is it that Viola appears
维欧拉
是在莎士比亚那个剧里出现的吗







强调句的结构是“It is / was +强调部分
+ that / who-
从句”,
it
在句中作先行词,被强


的部分通常是主语、宾语和状语。这是
it
的主要用法和考点之一。

一.

在强调句中,被强调的是状语或状语从句时,要用
that
引 导从句,而不能用
which
引导
,
而且通常不能省略。强调状语(从句) 是历年高考中最主要的考点。例如(
MET95



It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since
答案是
C
。不能选
B
,因为该句中被强调的部分是时间 状语从句。

二.

被强调的是非人称主语或宾语时,现代英语既可用
that
引导,也可用
which
引导。例如

NMET2000



It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案是
B
,其中
that
也可换成
which
。又如:< br>
It is the sun that / which gives us light and heat.
是太阳给了我们光和热。

三.

被强调者为 人时,引导词用
who

that
。例如(上海高考题
95



Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert


A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
答案是
A
。句中的引导词
that
可换用
who
。有时强调句以倒装(疑问句)形式出现,此时可用“ 还
原法”加以辨别。必须注意的是,当被强调的是主语时,代词要用主格形式。例如:

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It was I who discovered the secret first.
是我最先发现这个秘密的。

四.


not…until
时间状语从句进行强调时,其句型是:It is / was not until… that
-
从句,


not
和< br>until
在强调句中总是紧挨着的。例如(
MET92



It was not ____ she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
答案是
B
。注意习惯上不用
not till
,而且从句不能用
when
引导。

五.

强调句和修饰时间及地点的定语从句的区别。比较下面两例:

Was it in 1969 ____ the American astronaut succeeded ____ landing on the moon


A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in (
上海高考题
94)
It was December26, 1893 ____ Mao Zedong was born in the common village.
A. when B. that C. which D. in which
答案 分别是
D

A
。前一句是强调句,因为被强调的部分
in 1969

that
从句中一个完整的句子成
分,改为非强调句后的句子是:
The American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon in
1969


而后一句的
December
26,
1893
不能成为从句的一个完整成分,所以不是强调句,而是定语
从句,
December
26,
1893
是先行词。在强调句中,
it
是先行词;在第二句中,
it
作主语,指时间。

六.

被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词,主句的
be
动词都用单数 ,即
is

was
。例如:

It ____ Madame Curie and his husband Pierre who discovered radium.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案是
B
。由于所叙述的是过去的事,不能用
is


◆典型迷惑题分析◆

1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

A. It was we being late B. It was our being late

C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late

【迷惑】此题容易误选
D
,认为强调的是原因状语从句
because we were late


【分析】但实际上,此题的答案为
B
,强调的是句子主语
our
being
late
,此题若还原成非强调句,
即为:

Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意,强调句的一
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个显著特点是,
若去掉强调结构

it
is
[was]…
that…,
句子仍然成立;
换句话说,
该结构中的
that
不能充当句子成分。

2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace” “
Totally
by chance.”

A. it that B. he that

C. it when D. he which

【迷惑】几个干扰项均可能误选。

【分析】答案选
A
,为强调句的特殊疑问句形式,其相应的陈述句形式为:

It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.


比较以下各题,它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式:

(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl

A. since B. as C. that D. he

答案选
C
,被强调成分为
who
,该句实为类似
It was Tom that saved the drowning girl.
这类
强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的
Tom
提问而得)


(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most

A. what B. which C. that D. if

答案选
C
,被强调成分为
what
,该句实为类似
It is a bike that his daughter needs most.

类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的
a bike
提问而得)


3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.

A. It, careful B. It, carefully

C. He, careful D. He, carefully

【迷惑】几个干扰项均 有可能误选,但最有可能误选的可能是
A
,认为这是一个普通的系表结构,
即认为第二 空要填形容词作表语。

【分析】
其实,
此题是一个强调句,
其非强调形式为
Little
Jim
wrote
the
letter
very
carefully.
若用

it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语
very carefully
即为上面一题的题干,所以答案应选
B
。请看下面几例,也属强调结构:

(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.

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A. since B. as C. that D. then

答案选
C
,被强调成分为
when she was about to go to bed
这一时间状语从句。

(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.

A. before B. who C. that D. when

答案选
C
,被强调成分为
at Christmas
,其中的动词
be
采用了
may have been
这一较为复杂的
形式。

4.
“Where
did
you
find
the
professor
who
made
the
speech
yesterday”
“It
was
in
the
hall
______ the students often have a meeting.”

A. where B. which

C. that D. when

【陷阱】很可能误选
C
,认为这是一个强调句,强调地点状语
in the hall


【分析】假若选
C
,即有
It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting
,该句
的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”,单独看这一句,无论是其意思还是其语法均未错 ,但若将
其与上文联系起来看,则不通,因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的” 假
若将答句改为
It was in the hall that I found the professor
,则完全可以。

其实,此题的最佳答案是
A

where the students often have a meeting
为定语从句,用以修饰
其前的名词
the hall
,句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅
(
找到教授的)”,这样 语意就通
顺了。

5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.

A. which B. as

C. what D. that

【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】此题为一个强调句型,空格处应填
that (
即选
D)
,被强调成分为
what he meant rather
than what he said
。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话,而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例:

(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.

A. which B. since C. that D. what

答案选
C
,为强调句型,被强调成分为
his nervousness in the interview
,句意为“很可能是面
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试时表现出紧张,使他失去了这份工作”。

(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you
are.

A. one B. that C. what D. it

答案选
B
,为强调句型,被强调成分为
the ability to do the job
,句意为“重要的是你做工作
的能力,而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么 工作的”。

6. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent
his childhood.

A. which, that B. that, which

C. which, which D. that, where

【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选,主要是分不清为强调句型,或即使分清为强调 句型,也分不清
强调哪一个成分。

【分析】答案选
A
,第一空填
which
,用以引导定语从句;第 二空填
that
,为强调句的结构词,被
强调部分为
in the small house (
以及修饰它的定语从句
which was built with stones by his
father)
。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子:

(1) It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.

A. who, where B. that, how

C. who, that D. that, which

此题答案选
C
,全句为强调句,被强调成分是
the boy (
以及修饰它的定语从句
who had been in
prison)


(2) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died.

A. where, which B. that, that

C. where, that D. which, that

此题答案选
C
,全句为强调句,被强调成分是
in
this
room

where
he
was
born
为修饰
the
room
的定语从句。

7
. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out

A. when B. that

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C. which D. in which

【迷惑】容易误选
B
,误认为这是强调句。

【分析】其实,此题应 选
A
,这不是强调句。因为在强调句中,若去掉强调句的结构词
it is
[was]…that…,
句子结构仍然完整,
但此句不是这样,
若去掉结构词,< br>即为

Five
o’clock
the
fire
broke
out
,句子不完整,但若在
five
o’clock
前加上介词
at
则可以,因为

at
five
o’clock 用
作时间状语。此题选
A
可分析为:
it
表时间,
when the fire broke out
为时间状语从句,全句
意为“火灾是
5
点钟发生的吗”比较下面一题(答案选
B
,为强调句 )


Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out

A. when B. that

C. which D. in which

8. “Was it under the tree _____ you were away talking to a friend” “Sure. But when I
got back there, the bike was gone.

A. that B. where

C. which D. while

【迷惑】此题很容易误选
A
,认为这是强调句型。

【分析】其实此 题应选
D
。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中,
it
是代词,指代

the bike
,句意为:“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候 ,你的自行车是在这树下吗”“当然,但当我
回来时,
自行车就不见了。
”现在反过来 分析一下,
假若选
A

将此句判为强调句,
句子即为
Was
it
under the tree that you were away talking to a friend
若进一步转换为非强调句,句子则为

Under the tree while you were talking to a friend
,句意显然很荒唐。

9.
It’s
more
than
half
a
century
_____
my
grandfather
joined
the
Party
and
became
a
servant
to the people.

A. when B. that

C. since D. while

【迷惑】容易误选
B
,认为这是强调句型。

【分析】假若选
B
,将此句分析为强调句,那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是
My grandfather
joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century.
很显然
,

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中的
more than half a century
是一段时间,然而它修饰的谓语动词

joined…
became
却是两个
终止性动词,这显然不合适。其实,此题应选
C
,属于“It
is+一段时间+
since
从句”句型,句
意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为 人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成
时态
(has been)
,但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。

10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.

A. which B. as

C. that D. what

【迷惑】容易误选
A
,受空格前逗号的影响,误认为这是一 个非限制性定语从句,从而误选了
A


【分析】
其实,
此 题最佳答案为
C

整个句子为强调句,
被强调成分为
lack
of
money,
not
of
effort

由于句中插入
not
of
effort
这一结构,干扰了许多同学对
it
was
lack
of
money
that
defeated
their plan
这一强调句的认识和理解。



◆精编迷惑题训练◆

1.

Who are making so much noise in the garden


_______ the children.

A. It is B. They are

C. That is D. There are

2. It is _______ he often fails in exams ______ makes his parents worried about him.

A. what; that B. that; what

C. that; that D. / that

3. It is the protection for the trees _______ really matters, rather than how many trees
are planted.

A. what B. that

C.
不填
D. which

4. It is _____ my father worked _____ I work now.

A. where, that B. where, when

C. that, where D. that, that

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5. Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert

A. it you B. not you

C. you D. that you

6. It was ten o’clock _____ he came back home.

A. when B. that

C. since D. after

7. It was not until he came back _____ he knew the police were looking for him.

A. which B. since

C. that D. before



【答案与解析】

1.

A
。为强调句型
It is the children who are making so much noise
之省略。

2.

C
。为强调句型,被强调成分为主语从句
that he often fails in exams


3.

B
。为强调句型,句意为“真正重要的在于保护树,而不在于种多少树”。

4.

A
,整个句子为

it was … that … 格式的强调句式,即第二空要填
that
;第一空填
where

where my father worked
为地点状语从句,为强调句的被强调部分。句意为 “我现在我父亲曾经
工作过的地方工作”。

5.

A
,为强调句的一般疑问句形式,其相应陈述句为

It was you that I saw …。

6.

A

when
表示“当……的时候”,句首的
it
表示时间,全句意为“当他回到家时,时间是
10
点钟。”

7.

C
。为

He didn’t know the police were looking for him until he came back 之强调形
式。
注意,
not

until
… 的强调句式通常为

It
was
not
until

that

It
is/was+...who/that
强调句型使用频率很高
,
高考也很注重对它的考查
,
然而该句型结构 复杂
,
变化多样
,
在实际使用过
程中颇有难度。笔者认为使用强调句 型时应注意下列十要素
(
本文前五个要素合并举例说明
,
后五个
要素 分别举例说明
)

一、如果强调句型指现在或未来情况用
It is,
指过去情况用
It was


二、被强调部分往往是句子的 主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语
,
但有时也可强调比较复杂的内容
,
10< br>1010

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可编辑可修改

如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、
not until...

not only...but also...

...as well as...

结构。

三、被强调部分是人称代词时
,
原句 用什么格
,
强调句也用什么格。

四、被强调部分如果是主格人称代词时,who/that
后的动词应和该主格人称代词在人称和数上保持
一致。
五、关于强调词的选用
,
强调人时可用
who

that
;如果不强调人一律用
that
。此时绝不能和定语
从句混淆
,
被 强调部分为时间状语、地点状语或者原因状语时不能误用
when

where

why



1

It was him who/that I saw the day before yesterday.

析:该句原句为:
I saw him the day before yesterday.
该句指过去情况
,
所以强调句型应使用
It
was
开头;被强调部分为原句宾语
-
宾格人称代词
him,
所以强 调句型仍用
him
作被强调部分;被强
调部分指人
,
所以用
who

that



2

It was in the street that I met him yesterday.

析:该句原句为:
I
met
him
in
the
street
yesterday.
该句仍指过去情况
,
所以强调句型仍以
It
was
开头
,
被强调部分虽为地点状语
,
但不能用
where,
只能用
that



3

It was because he was seriously ill that he died.

析:该句原句为:
He died because he was seriously ill.
被强调部分为结构复杂的原因状语从< br>句
,
但不能用
why,
只能用
that


六、强调句型的一般疑问句结构为:Is /Was it…who/that…


4

Was it during the Second World War that he died

析:该句虽不以
It was
开头
,
而以
Was it
开头
,
是强调句型 的一般疑问句形式。所以当被强调部分
为时间状语时
,
应用
that


七、强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为:特殊疑问词+is /was it that…(强调句型的特殊疑问句只能
强调特殊疑问词
)


5

Where was it that you found your lost pen

析:该句虽以
Where
开头
,
但后边的
was it仍说明该句使用的是强调句型
,
被强调部分为特殊疑问

where,< br>表地点
,
所以应使用
that


八、强调句型中的
is /was
前面可用
must /may /might
等表推测的情态动词。

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