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强调句型
强调句型是高中英语中一个重要的语法项目,是高考重要考点之一。其基本结构为:
it is/was +
被强
调的部分
+that+
其他成分(当被强调部分为sb.
,且在句中作主语时,可用
who
)。所强调的部分可以是主
语、 宾语或者状语,但不能是定语或谓语。原句是现在时,强调句用
it is ……that……;原句是过去时,
强调句用
it was ……that……。如果去掉这个 结构,经过语序调整或不调整,应该是一个完整无缺的句
子,这也是判断强调句型的关键。本文拟结合历 年高考试题对强调句型的考点作如下归纳。
一、语序问题
1.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
例
1
Was it that I saw last night at the concert?
例
2
Why is it that she is not so healthy as she used to be?
2.
强调句型在宾语从句中用陈述语序
例
3
I don’t know ________________ in the novel that made him burst into tears. (what)
我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。(
2012
湖北)
解析:
观察题干中多了一个联词
that,
汉语翻译中多了一个“是什么”,
可知要用强调结构:
疑问词
+it+
was/is that
的用法;故答案为:
what it was
二、主谓一致
强调主语时,
that
后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称与数保持一致。
例
4
It’s what you do rather than what you say that matters.
例
5
It’s your efforts not your intelligence that determine (决定
)your success.(2008
湖
北
)
例
6
It is the ability to do the job__ matters
,
not where you came from or what you are.
A. one
B. it
C. what
D. that
解析:通过以上三个例子可以得出一个结论,被强调的主语由“not A but B A rather than B; A
not B”构成时,
that
后面谓语的单复 数以“肯定”为准,有时还可以将否定的部分置于句末。
三、not until……的强调
用“It
is/was
not
unt il...that...”这一固定句型,由于否定已经前移,
that
后只能用肯定形式,
同时要注意主句的主谓不能使用倒装语序。如果把
“ not until …”置于句首时,主句要倒装。
例
7
I didn’t realize she was the famous film star until he took off her dark glasses.
It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I recognized him.
= Not until he took off his dark glasses did I recognize him.
四、插入定语从句
1.
在被强调的部分后面插入一个定语从句
例
8
It was in Beihai Park__ they made a date for the first time __ the old couple told us
their love story.
A. where
;
that
B. that
;
that
C. where
;
when
D. that
;
when
例
9
Was__
Bill
,
__
played
basketball
very
well
,
__
helped
the
blind
man
across
the
street.
A.
that
;
that
;
who
B.
it
;
that
;
that
C.
it
;
who
;
that
D.
this
;
who
;
who
解析:例
8
选
A
where
they
made
a
date
for
the
first
time
是一个定语从句;例
9
选
C
who
played basketball very well
是一个定语从句,
2.
对特殊疑问句作答时省略
that
及其后面的内容
例
10
“Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?”
“It was in the hall _________ the students often have a meeting.”
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. when
解析:很可能误选
C
,认为这是一个强调句,强调地点状语
in
the
hall
。假若选
C
,即有
It
was
in
the hall that the students often have a meeting
,无论是其意思还是其语法均未错,但若将其与上文
联系起来看,则不通。此题的答案是
A
,
where the students often have a meeting
为定语从句,用以
修饰其前的名词
the
hall
,
句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅
(
找到 教授的)”,
这样语意就通顺了。
五、强调句型与相关句型的辨析
强调句型极易与下列句型混淆
,
故高考也常考查这方面的内容。
做 题时首先判断该题是否为强调句型。
把“It be …that”去掉,如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完 整(被强调部分要还原到原位置),那么这个句
子就是强调句;如果句子不完整,则不是强调句。
1.
It be+
段时间+ since ... “自从……以来”
该句型中的
be
动词通常为一般现在时态或现在完成时态
,since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态。
如
果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。
例
11
.It’s more than half a century _________ my grandfather joined the Party and became
a servant to the people.
A. when
B. that
C.
since
D. while
解析:容易误选
B
,认为这是强调句型。假若选
B
,将 此句分析为强调句,那么若将此句还原为非强调句就
应该是
My
grandfather
joined
the
Party
and
became
a
servant
to
the
people
more
than
half
a
century.
很显然
,
句中的
more than half a century
是一段时间,然而它修饰的谓语动词
joined…became 却是
两个终止性动词,这显然不合适。此题应选
C
,属于“It is+一段时间+
since
从句”句型,句意为“我
爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公 仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态
(has
been)
,
但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。
2.
It be+
点时间
+ when ...
"当……的时候,是……"
例
12
—
Did Jack come back early last night?
—
Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock ____ he arrived home. (
福建
05 )
A. before
B. when
C. that
D. until
解析:
该句型中的
when
引导的是一个时间状语从句。
Be< br>动词的时态没有明确限制,
点时间前不加介
词。
3 .
It be+
段时间+ before ... “多久之后才……”、“不久……就……”
例
13
--- How long do you think it will be _________ China sends a manned spaceship to
the moon?
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