2021年1月23日发(作者：前景色)

能力提升
6
强调句和形式主语（宾语）句型

知识点
1
：强调句
：
①强调句型
：
It is/w as+
被强调部分
+that/who+
句子其余成分
（被强调部
分 是人可用
that
或
who
，
其余一律用
that
；
it
不能更换，
it is/was
与其余部分时态一致，
is/was
的数不受被强调部分单复数的影响）

例如
I happened to meet Tom in the street the day before yesterday.
我前天碰巧在街上遇见汤
姆。







(1)
强调主语
I:
(2)
强调宾语
Tom
：

（
3
）强调地点状语：

（
4
）强调时间状语：

强调动词：
__________________________
(1)I study English.

______________________
(2)I studied English.____________________________
(3)He studies English_____________________________
②对一般疑问句的强调
：
Is/Was it+
被强调部分
+that/who+
句子其余成分


e.g. Was it Oliver
who was locked in a room
。

③对特殊疑问句的强调
：
疑问词
+is/was +it+ that+
句子其余成分
(
陈述语序
)
e.g. When was it
that he go home?






Why is it that
…
.?
④对
not. until
结构进行强调时
，构成
It is/was not until
…
that
…
结构

It was not until he finished all his homework that he went to bed last night
。

知识点
2
：形式主语句型：

结构一
：
It
当形容词是：
possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, easy
等，我们可以用：
It is +adj. + for sb. to do sth.,
如：

It is important for us to learn English well.
对于我们来说，学好英语很重要。

It is dangerous for the children to swim in the river.
对于孩子们来讲，在河里游泳很危险。

结构二
：
当 形容词是表示行为者的性质、
品质特征的，
如：
kind, good, nice, right, wrong, clever,
polite, foolish
等，我们可以用介词
of
，即
：
It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth.
如：

It is very kind of you to help me.
你来帮助我，你真好。

It is very clever of you to work out the problem.
你把这道题解出来了，你真聪明。

结构三：特殊情况，
It
’
s no good / no use/ useless doing sth

考试作弊是没有用的
__________ _________________________________________
结构四
It

is + adj. +that +
从句

这是主语从句常见的句型，
it
代替
that
引导的主语从句，形容词可以是：
clear, possible, natural,
obvious, important, necessary, strange, good
等。

It is clear that the man is telling a lie.
很明显，这人在撒谎。

It is necessary that we should learn English well.
我们应当学好英语，这是必要的。

It is true that he will come to see me.
他要来看我，这是真的。

结构五：
It + be +
过去分词

+ that
…
.
该句型常见动词有：
say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide

e.g.
It is said that
they have invented a new type of computer.
区分是强调句还是形式句型，只需要把
It
is/was
…
.th at/who
这个结构去掉，如果去掉后能
成句，就是强调句，如果成分不齐或不能成句，就是 形式句型。

知识点
3
：形式宾语

其基本结构为“动词＋
it
＋宾语补足语＋不定式（动名词或从句）
”
。如：


I find it difficult to do the job well
．

我发现做好这件事不容易。


I think it best that you should stay here
．

我认为你最好住这儿。


We think it no use complaining
．

我们认为抱怨是没有用的。

特殊结构：
①

当不定式
(
短语
)
、动名词
(
短语
)
或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时

(
如
think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose
等
)
；


e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.

(
他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。
)

I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.


(
我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。
)
②

某些表示
“
喜、怒、哀、乐
”
的动词，如
like, enjoy, love, hate
等，往往不能直接接宾语从
句；
e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
(
我不喜欢他那么懒惰。
)
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
(
我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。

练习一：误用形式主语的几种情形

(1) Is ______ necessary to tell his father everything?




A. it

B. that C. what D. he
(2) ______ must be something wrong with the machine.

A. There B. It

C. He D. That

（
3
）
_____ is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.
______ is known to us all that the earth turns around the sun.
A. It

B. Which

C. As

D. That
（
4
）
______ is difficult to persuade her to stay.
______ is difficult is to persuade her to stay.
A. It B. What



C. He


D. That
练习二：
（
1
）
It was with great joy ______ he received the news that his lost daughter had been
found.





A. because




B. which




C. since




D. that


（
2
）
. It was ______ back home after the experiment.



A. not until midnight did he go


B. until midnight that he didn
’
t go




C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn
’
t go

（
3
）
. Why! I have nothing to confess. ______ you want me to say?



A. What is it that

B. What it is that


C. How is it that

D. How it is that

（
4
）
. It was because of bad weather ______ the football match had to be put off.





A. so






B. so that




C. why








D. that


（
5
）
It
was
how
the
young
man
had
learned
five
foreign
languages
______
attracted
the
audience
’
s interest.



A. so that










B. that






C. what




D. in which


（
6
）
. Was ______ that I saw last night at the concert?



A. it you

B. not you




C. you





D. that yourself



（
7
）
. It is ____ who ____ reasonable.

A. me; am



B. me; is



C. I; am



D. I; is

（
8
）
. Tom could not say what it was ___bothered him. A. that



B. who

C. what D. which


(9). It was in Beihai Park ____ they made a date for the first time _____ the old couple told us
their love story.

A. where; that



B. that; that



C. where; when



D. that; when

(10).
It was ____ I met Mr. Smith in London.

A. many years that


B. for many years since C. since
many years ago when



D. many years ago that


(11). Was ____ Bill, ______ played basketball very well, ____ helped the blind man across the
street.

A. that; that; who




B. it; that; that



C. it; who; that

D. this; who; who