2021年1月23日发(作者：巩)
强调句


基本结构

It+ be
+
被强调成分

+
that (who)
…



He bought the book in this shop yesterday.

→
It was
he
that/who
bought the book in this shop yesterday. (
强调主语
he)
→
It was
the book
that
he bought in this shop yesterday. (
强调宾语
the book)
→
It was
in this shop
that
he bought the book yesterday. (
强调地点状语
in this shop)
它在句子中不充当任何成分

It's necessary that we should learn English. (
主语从句
)
It's not until he got off the bus that he realized his money was stolen. (
强调句型
)

原句：
My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语：

强调宾语：


强调时间：

强调地点：



强调句的特殊疑问句形式

Jim told us the news. (
非强调句
)
_______________________________ ___
(
强调句型的陈述句形式
)
__________________ _________________
(
强调句型的一般疑问句形式
)
__ _____________________________(
强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，对Jim
提问
)

Mary said that
．



对
Mary
提问
:
He joined the Party in 1949
．


对

in 1949
提问
:

被强调的成分除了是名词、代词、介词短语等之外
,
也可以是强调从句

He knew what had happened when he go back.
→
________________________________________ _____________
(
强调时间状语从句
)
He married me because he loved my money.
→
__________ ___________________________________________
(强调原因状语从句
)

not...until
用于强调句


其基本形式为
It is /was
not until…that…

He did not come until his wife left.
他妻子走了之后他才来。

→
______________ ______________________
他妻子走了之后他才来。

They didn’t start until the rain stopped.
直到雨停他们才出发。

→
____________________________________

直到雨停他们才出发。


I didn’t learn it until yesterday.

He didn’t come back until his wife fell asleep.


→
Not until the rain stopped did they start.
（倒装结构）

The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.


含有否定意义的副词或连词（如
not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere
等）放在句首

He can not speak a single word of English.

→
Not a single word of English can he speak.

He cares little about his clothes.

→
Little does he care about his clothes.

I have never seen him before.

→
Never have I seen him before.



辨析
1
It was ten o’clock ______ he came back.

A. that








B. when














C. so








D. which

It was at ten o’clock that he came back.

It was after ten o’clock that he came back.

It was
before ten o’clock that he came back.

比较：

It is autumn when leaves fall.

It is in autumn that leaves fall.

It is three years since she left.
It is for three years that she has been waiting.
It is in 1987 that the factory was founded.
It is 1987 when the factory was founded.

1. It’s a long time ______ I met you last.



A. that







B. since



C. when







D. which
2. It was more than a year now _____ he had seen her.



A. that








B. since



C. when







D. which
3.
—
Was it here _____ you were away talking to a friend?
—
Sure. But when I got back there, it was gone.
A. that







B. while


C. which






D. where



辨析
2
1. When was _____ that the general manager left for Japan?
A. he









B. it



C. that







D. since
2. It might have been John _____ bought a present for Mary yesterday.
A. that







B. when











C. what








D. which
3. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.

A. which






B. as














C. what







D. that
4. It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died.
A. where, which



B. that, that


C. where, that





D. which, that
5. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.

A. which






B. as





练习

1. It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.


A. that














B. how













C. which













D. when
2. It was not until midnight _

_ they reached the camp site.


A

.that







B. when






C. while





D. as


C. that







D. what
3. It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.




A. how











B. which












C. that












D. where
4. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It



B. He


C. She







D. That
5. It was on October 1
st


____ new China was founded.
A. which


B. when


C. as



D
.
that
6. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
A. and


B. that


C. that’s







D. so
7. It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common.

A. was until; when















B. was until; that

C. wasn’t until; when













D. wasn’t until; that

8. It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance.

A. which


B. it







C. that






D. this
9. It was Alice and her husband who saved the old man,_______?
A. wasn’t it







B. was it












C. didn’t they









D. did they

10. When asked to explain______ made his lessons so exciting, the teacher kept silent.
A. what it is that



B. that what it is





C. what is it that






D. that what is it
强调句型讲解和练习

一、定义

强调就是 使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。
英语表达中，
要强调句子的某一成
分，
一般可用强调句型
“It is (was) +that (who) +
句子的其 余部分
”
。
It
在句中无意义，只起引出
被强调部分的作用。被强调 的部分指人时，除可用
that
外，还可换用
who
（强调宾语指人时也可< br>
3
用
whom
）
。使用强调句型时，应注意以下事项：

1
、去掉强调结构
It is (was) …

that(who )…
后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。
这是判断是
不是强调句型的关键。试比较 ：

1. It is strange that
he didn’t come yesterday.

2. It is you and Tom
that didn’t come yesterday.

显然，句
1
去掉
It is… that …
后，句子结构不完整，是主语从句；句
2
去掉
It is … that …
后，句
子变为
you and
Tom didn’t come yesterday.
仍是一个表意完整的句子，这是一个强调句。再如：

1. It is what you do rather than what you say ____matters.

A. that


B. what



C. which



D. this
答案
A
。
这是一个强调主语的强调句型，
去掉强调结构，
剩下的是
What you do rather than what you
say matters.
表意完整。

2. That was really a
splendid evening. It’s years ____I enjoyed m
yself so much.
A. when



B. that



C. before



D. since
答案
D
。由强调句型的判断方法可 知，该句不是强调句型。
It
指时间，句意为：好几年我没有这
么高兴了。
s ince
的意思是
“
自从那个时候起
”
。

2
、如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用
when, where, why
或
how
，而仍用
that
。

试比较：
It was because of the accident why he was late. (
误
), It was because of the accident that he was
late. (
正
)
。又如：

1. It was not until midnight_____ they reached the camp site.
A. that



B. when



C. while



D. as
答案
A< br>。该题强干扰项是
B
，考生容易因强调时间状语
until midnight
而误选。

2. It was after he got what he had desired ____he realized it was not so important.
A. that



B. when



C. since



D. as
答案
A
。该句强调时间状语从句
after he got what he had desired
，题干意思是
“
得到他所梦寐以求
的东西后他 才意识到一切都不那么重要
”
。不要误选
B
。

3
、注意强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式
，在这方面很容易因弄不清句子结构而错选。如
:
How did he come here?
强调
how: How was it that he came here?
Why did he came late?
强调
Why: Why was it that he came late?
1. I just wonder ____that makes him so excited.

A. why it does



B. what he does



C. how it is



D. what it is
答案
D
。
正常语序的强调句型容易看出，
但要注意它的变体。
如果把该题变换一下语序：< br>it is what
that makes him so excited,
不难 看出这是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，
强调了疑问代词
what
，
因为
wonder
后宾语从句，故用了陈述语序。

2. It was not until she got home ____Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
A. when


B. that



C. where



D. before


答案
B
。如果去掉强调结构，该句是一个
“not… until”
句型：
Jennifer didn’t realize she had
lost her
keys
until
she
got
home.
要强调时间状语
until
she
got
home
，这时要把主句中的否定词
not
放在
w as
之后。

4
、强调主语时，
that
或
who
后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语
；
be
的变化只有
i s
和
was
两种形式，如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时，就用
It
is…,
表达过去时的各
种形式时，用
It was….
一般要与谓语动词的时态一致。如：

1. It is I who/ that am an English teacher.
2. It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class.
3. It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.

4
4. It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.
5
、强调句中的时态。
如果原句中谓 语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态
(
一般现在时、现在进行时、
现在完成
/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等
)
，用
It
is...that...
。如果原
句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态
(
一般过 去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等
)
，则用
It was...that...
。如：

Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.
It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday. (
强调主语
)
It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday. (
强调宾语
)
It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street. (
强调时间状语
)
It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday. (
强调地点状语
)
有时，
be
前可使用表示推测的情态动词。如：

It must be Peter who has let this secret out.
一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。

It might be last night that they did their homework.
他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。

6
、在复习中有可能把
It is/ was…that
句式都误认为是强调句型的几种情况：

1
）
、把 具有实际意义的指示代词
it
后面接
is/was…that
误认为是强调句 式。

--- Where did you get to know her?

--- It was on the farm ____ we worked.
A.

that



B. there



C. which




D. where
答案
D
。该句易误作强调句型，所以
A
是强干扰项。这里
where
we
worked
是定语从句，修饰
the
farm
。
It
指
“< br>与她相识
”
这件事。该题很容易受思维定势的影响而拒绝选
D
，因为平 日教学老
师一再强调，
用强调句型时即使强调地点状语，
也不能用
where
而用
that
。
该句如果要用
it
was…
that
强调句型的话，可改写为
“It was on the farm where we worked that I got

to know her.”

2
）
、把
it
指时间、天气、距离、环境等后 接
be
的情形误以为是强调句型。

It was twenty miles from our city to the village ____the accident happened.
A. that



B. when



C. then



D. where
答案
D
。本题貌似
It
w as…that
强调句型，其实不然。句中
It
表示距离，
where
引导地点状语从
句。

3
）
、把
It is/ was…that
结构的主语从句误认为是强调句型。

1.
The Foreign Minister said, “____our hope that the two sides will
work towards
peace.”


A. This is




B. There is



C. That is



D. It is
答案
D
。如果选
A
和
C
，指示代词
This
和
That
在句中找不出指代的内容，选
B< br>意义不通。故选
D
。虽然选
It is
后题干中出现了
It
is… that
结构，但这不是强调句型。很明显，题干中的
that
从< br>句应是主语从句，所缺的是形式主语。


7
、强调句型
It is/ was… that/ who
主要用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语或表语。
如果要 强调
谓语动词
,
应该用代动词
do
及其变形
does
或
did
，
这三种形式常用在谓语动词之前，
以加强语气。
它一般 只能强调现在时与过去时。如：

I do wish I could.
我真希望我能。

He does look well.
他的确看起来气色很好。

You did give me a fright.
你真把我给吓了一跳。

二、使用此句型时应注意以下几点

1.< br>原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、
过去将来时、
过去进行时或过去完成时等表过去的 时态
时
,
用

It was...that...
。属于表现在的时态时
,
用

It is... that...
。
如
:
It is the computer that is doing many jobs.
是计算机做了许多工作。


5
When was it that the Long March started?
长征是在何时开始的
?
2.
被强调部分无论是单数还是复数
, It
后的动词均用单数形式
,
即

is
或

was
。如
:
It is they who have finished cleaning the classroom.
打扫完教室的人是他们。

3.
被强调部分指人时
,
It
is
（
was
）
...
后用

who,
whom
或
that
均可
;
指事物或情况时
,
通常用

that
（一般不用

when, where, which
等）
。
如
:
It was yesterday that he saw me in the park.
（不可用

when
）

It is her whom you should ask.
（还可用

who
／
that
）

It was in the street that they quarreled.
（不可用

where
）

4.
被强调部分如果是原句的主语
, who
／
that
后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保持一致。
如
:
It was they that were talking and laughing.
是他们又说又笑的啊。

5.
强调双宾语时，无论是强调直接宾语还是间接宾语，根据适当情况加上介词

to
或

for
等。
如
:
It was a new dictionary that Tom gave to me last night.
（
＝
Tom gave me a new dictionary last night.
）
汤姆昨晚给我的是一本新词典。

It was a red shirt that John bought for me as a birthday present.
（＝
John bought me a red shirt as a
birthday present.
）作为生日礼物约翰送我的是一件红衬衫。

6.
对

not... until...
句型强调时
,
要把

not
连同

until
短语或从句一起提前。
如
:
It was not until I spoke to him that he noticed me.
（＝
He didn't notice me until I spoke to him.
）
直到
我跟他说话他才注意到我。

7.
强调特殊疑问句的疑问词时
,
要将疑问词置于句首
,
句子结构仍是疑问句形式。
如
:
Where was it that you put the book?
（＝
Where did you put the book?
）你把书放在哪里了
?
Who was it that called me this morning?
（＝
Who called me this morning?
）
今天早上是谁打电话给
我的
?
8.
此结构还可以强调目的状语、方式状语和以

because
引导的原因状语从句。但不能强调由

since
或

as
引导的原因状语从句
,
也不能强调由
although
和

whereas
引导的句子。
如
:
It was because he was ill that we decided to return home.
那是因为他生病了
,
所以我们才决定回家
的。

Was it in Beijing you first met him?
（＝

Was it in Beijing that you first met him?
）
你第一次见到他
时是在北京吗
?
What is it you want me to do?
（＝
What is it that you want me to do?
）你究竟要我做什么
?

三、使用强调句型时要分清以下两种情况

1.
要分清是主语从句还是强调结构。
判断这种句型是主语从句还是强调结构，方法是将

It
is
（
was
）
...
that
去掉
,
去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话为强调结构，反之则是主语从
句。试比较
:
It was yesterday that he met her in the street.
（＝
Yesterday he met her in the street.
）是昨天他在街
上碰见了她。
（强调结构）

It
was
said
that
he
met
her
in
the
street
yesterday.
（＝
That
he
met
her
in
the
street
yesterday
was
said.
）据说他昨天在街上碰见了她。
（主语从句）

It is clearly that she speaks.
（＝
She speaks clearly.
）她说话吐字清楚。
（强调结构）

It is clear that she has heard of it.
（＝

That she has heard of it is clear.
）显然她已听说了这件事。
（主语从句）


6
2.
要分清是强调结构中的

that-
（
who-
）分句还是 用作关系代词的定语从句中的
that-
（
who-
）
分句。
判断的方法还是将

It
is
（
was
）
...
that
去掉
,
去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话
是强调结构中的

that-
（
who-
）分句
,
反之则是用作关系代词的定语从句中的

that-
（
who-
）分句。
如
:
It is money that is most needed.
（＝

Money is most needed.
）
（强调结构中的

that
）

It is the money that he returned me.
（定语从句中的

that
）

四、强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一
种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种 结构：

1
．用助动词“
do
（
does
／
did
）＋动词原形”来表示强调：

He does know the place well
．他的确很熟悉这个地方。

Do write to me when you get there
．你到那儿后务必给我来信。

2
． 用形容词
very
，
only
，
single
，
s uch
等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：

That's the very textbook we used last term
．这正是我们上学期用过的教材。

You are the only person here who can speak Chinese
．你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。

Not a single person has been in the shop this morning
．今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。

How dare you buy such expensive jewels
？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？
3
．用
ever
，
never
，
very
，< br>just
等副词和
badly
，
highly
，
re ally
等带有－
ly
的副词来进行强调：

Why ever did you do so
？你究竟为什么要这么做？

He never said a word the whole day
．一整天，他一句话也没说。

You've got to be very
，
very careful
．你一定得非常、非常小心。

This is just what I wanted
．这正是我所要的。

He was badly wounded
．他伤得很严重。

I really don't know what to do next
．我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。

4
．用
in the world
，
on earth
，
at all
等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）
：

Where in the world could he be
？他到底会在哪儿？

What on earth is it
？它究竟是什么？

Do you know at all
？你到底知不知道？

5
．用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：

How interesting a story it is
！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！

Oh
，
what a lie
！啊，真是弥天大谎！

6
．用重复来表示强调：

Why
！
why
！
The cage is empty
！啊！啊！箱子是空的。

They walked for miles and miles
．他们走了好多英里。

7
．用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：

On the table were some flowers
．桌上摆着一些花。
（强调地点）

Many a time have I climbed that hill
．我多次翻过那座山。

Only in this way
，
can we solve this problem
．只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。

8
．用强调句型：
“
It is
（
was
）＋被强 调的部分＋
that
（
who
）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的
意 愿：

It was on Monday night that all this happened
．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。

It's me that he blamed
．他怪的是我。

9
．用
If
来表示强调：

1
）
If
从句＋
I don't know who
／what
，
etc
．
does
／
is
／
has
，
etc
．
；主语部分也可以用
nobody does< br>／
is
／
has
，
etc
．或
everyb ody
does
／
is
／
has
，
et
c
．来代替（这里的
if
从句往往是正话反说，反
话正说）
：

7