2021年1月23日发(作者：yiwang)
强调句

1.
强调句的定义

强调是有效地进行思想交流 的重要手段之一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能为
听者或读者恰当的理解，必须突出重要的内 容，这就需要运用强调的手段。


2.
强调的构成

在现代英语中，人们可以通过语音手段、词汇手段、语法手段来进行强调。

(1)
语音手段

在口语中，人们可以根据交流的需要，通过语句重音来对不同的词语进行强调。


He speaks English well.

这句话，可以通过语句重音来分别对不同的词进行强调：


Example:

A: We need a good student to host the evening party.

B: Well, he speaks English well.

A: He’s been living in Canada for years.

B: He speaks English well but his writing is not very good.

A: He speaks fluent French.

B: He speaks English well, too.

A: Do you think he is fit for the job?

B: Certainly. He speaks English well.


(2)
词汇手段

人们常用一些形容词、副词、

否定词等词汇手段来加强语气。


This is a most interesting TV play.

Grace is tall, but Catherine is still taller.

War and peace is the best novel that l have ever read.

The last thing that a lazy student wishes is examination.

At that very moment the policemen came.

I can't even remember the name

of that old friend of mine.

Where in the world did you go just now ?

What on earth are you doing?

She's not in the least angry with me.

The president himself will chair the meeting.


(3)
语法手段

1.
用
It is
／
was…that
／
who…
句型表示强调。
被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在
is
／
was
的后面，如被
强调的是人，则后面可用
who
，
whom
等 代替。


He met an old friend in the park yesterday.

强调主语


It was he who/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.

强调宾语


It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday.

He met an old friend in the park yesterday.

强调地点状语


It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.

强调时间状语


It was yesterday that he met an old friend in he park.

2.
用助动词
do, does
或
did
来强调谓语动词。


Do come early.

He did send you a letter last week.

We’re pleased that she does intend to come.

3
．用主语从句
+be+
被强调部分，主语从 句常用
what
引导。


John wants a ball.

What John wants is a ball.

Mary gives piano lessons every day.

What Mary does every day is (to) give piano lessons.


（
4
）用修辞疑问句，表示强调。

疑问句转用作加强语 气的陈述句时，即可称为修辞性疑问句。需要注意的是：肯定的修辞
疑问句其意义相当于强调的否定陈述 句；而否定的修辞疑问句其意义则相当于强调的肯定
陈述句。


Can anyone doubt the truth of his statement?

＝
Surely no one can / would doubt it.)

谁能怀疑他陈述的真实性？


Who doesn't know the sun rises in the east?

＝
Everyone knows…

谁不知道太阳从东方升起？


（
5
）还可以通过改变句子结构或颠倒正常语序的手段来进行强调。


Example:

Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

Only in this way can we catch up with and surpass the world's advanced level of science and
technology.

Happy are those who are content.

知足常乐。



1. It is
／
was…that…
强调句型的强调部分必须是对

that / who
之后句子的某一成分表示强
调，如果把

去掉 ，该句应该意思完整，不缺任何句子成分。

区分下例两句：

It was 7 o’clock when he came back.

他回来时
7
点钟了
.

It was at 7 o’clock that he came back.

他是
7
点钟回来的。



2.
It
is
／
was…that…
强调句型的被强调部分如果是原因状语从句，只能 由
because
引导，不
能由
since
、
as
或
why
引导。


It was because the water had risen that they could not cross

the river.

正是由于水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。



3.
注意


强调句型的变化。


Compare the following
：


She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor

until she had arrived home.

It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.

Not until she had arrived home did she remember her

appointment with the doctor.


4. It is
／
was…that…
强调句型中，
that
作宾语时可以省略，


It was a new dictionary (that) Father bought for me.

Was it her (that) you were talking about?


5.
如果强调的是特殊疑问句，要用“特殊疑问词
+is/was + it + that +…”
结构
,
表示“究竟是
谁
……
，到底在哪里
……”
等等。


Who was it that you want to see?

Where was it that you saw the teacher?

Why is it that you want to change your mind?

你究竟为什么要改变主意？



Exercises:

I. Fill in the blanks

1. It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago .

A.


was




B. are










































C. were


D. had been

2. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.

A.

which




B. when

C. that







D. since

3. She said she would go and she ________ go.

A. didn’t




B. did



























C. really





D. would

4. It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer
.

A. what; that



B. that; what




C. that; which

D. which; that

5. --- Were all three people in the car injured in the

accident?

--- No, ______ only the two passengers who got hurt.

A. there were



B. it were






C. there was





D. it was

II
．句型转换


改写下列各句，


6. Mr Smith gave a new pen to me.
1. Bill made a kite at school yesterday.

2. John sells potatoes.

3. The mother loves her baby dearly.

4. I painted the door white.

5. She left her gloves in your room.

I.1-5ACBDD

II. 1. It was Bill who made a kite at school yesterday.

2. What John sells is potatoes.

3. The mother does love her baby dearly.

4. It was white that I painted the door
.

5. It was in your room that she left her gloves.

6. It was me that Mr Smith gave a pen to.


虚拟语气

表示现在
/
过去
/
将来情况的虚拟条件句


虚拟条件句主要有三种结构：

1)

表示与现在情况相反：
主句谓语用
“would / could / might +
动词原形
”
，
从句谓语用
“
动词的一般过去时
”
（动词
be
的过去式一律用
were
）
。




If I were you, I would not accept his offer.
If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.
2)
表示与过去情况相反：主句谓语用
“would / could / might + have +
过去分词
”
，从句
谓语用过去完成时。

If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.

If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.

3)
表示与将来情况相反：
主句谓语用
“would / could / might +
动词原形
”
，
从句谓语用

“were +
动词不定式
”
或
“should +
动词原形
”
。




If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.



If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.

2.
虚拟条件句连接词
if
的省略


如果虚拟条件句的从句中含有
were, had, should, could
等 词时，
可以省略连接词
if
，
但这
时必须把
were, had, should, could
等词移到主语前面，
形成倒装。
这种句型主要 用于书面形
式。





Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.




Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.





Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

3. wish
后宾语从句中的谓语构成


动词
wish
后的宾语从句表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望，
其宾语从句中的谓语动词要
用虚拟语气，有以 下三种构成形式。



1)
表示现在不可能实现的 愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。
（
be
的过去式
为
we re
）
。





I wish I had enough money to buy a car.




I wish I were as young and energetic as you.


2)
表示过去未能实现的愿望，
宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时
（
had +
过去分词）
或
“would / could + have +
过去分词

”
。





hadn’t made such a mistake.





I wish I could have done it better.


3)
表示将来不可能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用
“would
/
should
(could,
might) +
动词原形
”
。





I wish I would not get old.




I wish I could travel around the world one day.

4.
某些动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气


在一些动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词用动词原 形或
should +
动词原形。
这类动词一般表示命令，
要求，
决 定，
建议，
主张等概念，
主要有：
advise,
ask,
command,
decide,
demand,
desire,
direct,
insist,
move,
order,
propose,
recommend,
request, require, suggest,
等。




The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per cent.




The teacher decided that you do the experiment first.
5.
某些名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气



在一些名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动
词用动词原 形或
should +
动词原形。这类名词一般表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张等概
念，
主要有：
advice, idea, instruction, motion, order
, plan, proposal, recommendation, request,
requirement, suggestion,
等。




My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately.



He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again.

6.
错综时间条件句


条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，有时发生的时间是不一致的
.
如从句是对过去情
况的假设，而主句可能是对现在正在进行情况的假设。

这种句子称为错综时间条件句
.

If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.

7.
某些主语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气


某些表示命令，要求，决 定，建议，主张以及
“
重要性
”
和
“
紧迫性
”等概念的主语从句中
谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
这时，
谓语动词用动词原形或
should +
动词原形。
这类主语从句一
般由

“It is (was) +
形容词／过去分词

+ that
引导的从句
”< br>构成。
该结构中，
常用的形容词主
要有：
advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory,
proper,
urgent,
vital
等；常用的过去分词主要有：
arranged,
decided,
demanded,
desired,
ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, suggested
等。

It is necessary that you (should) stop smoking so heavily.
It is arranged that you (should) enter for this competition.

8. as if / though
引起的从句

当
as
if
/
t hough
引起的从句所表达的内容完全与实际情况相反或者纯粹是一种假设时，通
常要用虚拟 语气。如果从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；如果从句表
示与过去的事实相反，谓语 动词用过去完成时；如果从句表示与将来的事实相反，谓语动
词用
would (might, could) +
动词原形；


They talked as if they had been friends for years.

I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.

It looks as if it might rain.

Note:
如果
as
if
/
though
引起的从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是真实的，
则要用陈述 语气。


It seems as if it is going to rain.

The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.

9. lest, for fear that
和

in case
引起的从句


当
lest, for fear that
和

in case< br>表示
“
以免，以防，生怕，惟恐
”
等时，在它们引起的从句
中 ，谓语动词常用
should +
动词原形。