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高考英语语法
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强调句
(含高考语法填空和短文改错考点透析)
【高考考点透析】
高考语法填空主要让学生填空,所填的内容是强调句结构“
It
is
(w as)
+被强调的部分+
that(who/whom)
+句子的其它成分”中的It
或
that(who/whom)
部分;高考短文改错主要考
查强调 句结构中的
It
和
that(who/whom)
部分的误用。
一.语法填空
【高考真题展示】
But like so many other things, it is only too much stress______ does you harm.
(
2016
上海)
答案及解析:
that < br>考查强调句型。句意:但是和别的许多事情一样,仅仅是太多的压力对
你造成伤害。本句强调的是 句子主语
only too much stress
。
【高考题预测】
______ was on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
答案及解析:
It
考查强调句型。句意:小船沉没一个月后 他是在一个孤岛上被营救的?该
句是强调句,被强调部分为
on a lonely island
,应填
It
。
二.短文改错
【高考题预测】
was in New Zealand where Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
was on January 1st
which
I paid a visit to my friend Tom.
3. It was not until midnight when his father came back.
答案及解析:
-that
句意:正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生。此处是
It
was…that…
强
调句式,句中强调了地点状语
in New Zealand
。
2. which -that
此处是
It was…that…
强调句式,句中强调了时间状语
on January 1st
。
3.
when-that
此处是
It was…that…
强调句式,被强调部分为
not until midnight
。
【用法讲解】
强调句是一种< br>修辞
,
是人们为了表达自己的
意愿
或情感而使用的一种形式。
通过各种方
式对句子中的某个部分进行强调,从而起到修辞的作用。
英语中常用的强调句结构为:
“
It
is
(was)
+ 被强调的部分+
that(who/whom)
+句子的其它成分”
,
这种强 调句除了不能强调谓
语动词外
,
其它句子成分
,
如主语、宾语、宾语 补足语、状语等都可以强调。
一.强调句的基本用法:
I met an old friend in the street yesterday.
昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
It was I that/who met an old friend in the street yesterday.
1.
强调主语
昨天是我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
2.
强调宾语
It was
an old friend
that/who
/whom
I met in the street yesterday.
昨天我在街上遇到的是一位老朋友。
3.
强调地点状语
It was
in the street
that I met an old friend yesterday.
昨天我是在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
4.
强调时间状语
It was
yesterday
that I met an old friend in the street.
是昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
注意:
强调谓语动词的方法:
如果强调谓语动词,要
“do/
does/
did+
动词原形< br>”
。但谓语动词必须是
实义动词,
且只能是一般现在时或一
般过去时,
只对肯定的谓语动词进行
I did meet an old friend in the street yesterday.
昨天我
的确在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
He does like singing.
他确实喜欢唱歌。
Do be careful next time, please.
1
强调,译为
“
的确,确实
”
。另外,
do
还可用来强调祈使 句,译为
“
务必,
一定
”
。
二.使用强调句注意的几个方面:
1.
当被强调部分为表示
“人
”
的名词时,
可用
that
或
who
;其他 情况下则只能
用
that
。
(注:强调句型中的引导词不可用where
,
when
等。
)
下次一定要小心。
Do write to me when you get there
.
你到那儿后务必给
我来信。
It was Kate that/who told me about it.
是凯特告诉那件事的。
(
强调主语
)
It was Tom that/ who/
whom
we met at the school gate.
我们在
门口遇到的是汤姆。
(强调宾语)
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.
是在公园里汤姆丢
了他的手表。
(
强调地点状语
)
2.
强调句型的一般疑问句只需把
is/
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
was
提前,即:
Is/Was it
…
that
…
?
第二次世界大战是在
1939
年爆发的吗?
否定句在
is/ was
后加
not
,即:
It was not John that/who cleaned the room.
不是约翰打扫的
It is/was not
…
that
…
房间。
3.
强调句的特殊疑问句只需在一般疑
问句前加上疑问词, 即:
特殊疑问词
+
is (was)it that
…
?
(注:强调句型用于名词性从句时,
要用陈述语序。
)
…until
句型的强调句。其强调句
式为:
It is/ was not until
…
that
…
。
(注:
not until
的强调句和倒装句的区
别。
)
Who was it that broke the window?
打破窗户的是谁?
What is it that you want me to do?
你想要我干什么?
I don’t know what it is that you want me to do.
我不知道你要我干什么。
It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed
.
(强调句)
Not until ten o’clock did he go to bed.
(倒装句)
直到
10
点他才去睡觉。
It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks
that I found we had a lot in common.
(强调句)
Not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks did I find
we had a lot in common.
(倒装句)
直到我们一起呆了几个星期我才发现我们有许多共同之处。
5.
强调句型和定语从句、状语从句的
区别:
判
断
是否
是
强调
句型
,可
把
It
is/
was…that
去掉,把被强调的部分还原
到句子中去,无论在语 法上还是在意
义上都仍然是完整的句子,就是强调
句型,否则不是。
比较:
It is in the factory that he worked for twenty years.
是在这个工厂里他工作了
20
年。
(强调句)
It is the factory where he worked for twenty years.
这就是他工作了
20
年的那个工厂。
(
定语从句
)
It was at ten o
’
clock that he came back.
是在十点钟他回来了。
(强调句)
It was ten o
’
clock when he came back.
他回来时,时间是十点钟。
(时间状语从句)
It was two years ago that I began to learn English.
是两年前我开始学英语的。
(强调句)
It is two years since I began to learn English.
我学英语已两年了。
(时间状语从句)
6.
强调句型中的主谓一致:
被强调的是原句的主语时,要注意
that/wh o
后的谓语动词与原句主语保
持一致。
It is I that am in trouble.
是我陷入了困境。
It is you that are wrong.
是你错了。
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