2021年1月23日发(作者：bleed)
强调句


英语的强调主要有两种：一是强调非谓语（包括主语、宾语、状语 等）
；二是强
调谓语动词。


一、强调非谓语


其基本句型是：
“It + is/was +
被强调的成分

＋

that/who +
其她成分
”
。
It
没有
实意，
只起语法作用，
引导被强调的部分。
当被强调的是人时，
可用
who(m)/that,
其他情况用
that
。


例如：


It was I who/that met Jack yesterday.
是我昨天碰到了
Jack.

（强调主语）


It was Jack that/whom I met yesterday.
我昨天碰到的是
Jack
。


（强调宾语）


It was yesterday that I met Jack.
是昨天我碰到了
Jack.

（强调时间状语）


这几句话复原为非强调句就是：
I met Jack yesterday.

It is people, not things, that are decisive.
决定的因素是人，不是物。


（强调主语）


It is because the book is very important for my present job that I bought it.
是因为这
本书对我目前的工作很有用，我才买了它。


（强调原因状语）


It was in the supermarket that I gave the book to him.
是在那家超市里我给了他那
本书。
（强调地点状语）


1
．强调主语：


It was John who broke the window.
是
John
打破了窗子。


原句：
John broke the window.

It is this overpass that will be pulled down.
将被拆掉的是这个天桥。


原句：
This overpass will be pulled down.

It is the people who/that are really powerful.
真正有力量的是人民。


原句：
The people are really powerful.

2
．强调状语：


（
1
）强调时间状语。


例如：


It was at that moment that he changed his mind.

是在那一刻他改变了主意。


It is every day that Professor Smith goes swimming.

史密斯教授是天天去游泳。


It was not until Saturday that he began to prepare for the examination.
他直到星期六
才开始为考试作准备。


注意：
这句话的原句是
He did not begin to prepare for the examination until Saturday.
变成强调时间状语，注意

“not”
位置的变化。


（
2
）强调地点状语。


例如：



1
It was in the library that I met Jack yesterday.

是在图书馆我昨天碰到了
Jack.

原句：
I met Jack in the library yesterday.

It might have been on the bus that I lost my purse.

可能是在公共汽车上我丢失了钱包。


原句是：
I might have lost my purse on the bus.
强调地点状语，
也可改为：
It was on
the bus that I might have lost my purse.

It was under the tree that I was sitting then.
当时我正坐在那棵树下。

3
．强调宾语。


例如：


It was Tom’s bike that she borrowed, not mine.

她借的是
Tom
的自行车，不是我的。


It is his dog that he’s sold, not his car.
他已卖掉的是他的狗，不是车。


It was a cat that your dog was running after.
你的狗追的是只猫。


4
．强调宾语补足语：


例如：


It was wonderful that we considered his plan.

我们认为他的计划是绝妙的。


It is Lincoln that they named the aircraft carrier.

他们把那艘航母命名为林肯号。


It was captain that the team chose him.
那个队选他当的是队长。


It was white that Tom was painting the fence.

汤姆当时正在把篱笆涂成白色的。


这句话的原句是：

Tom was painting the fence white.

类似的结构有：
color the sun red, color the tree green, paint the wall pink
等，
这里，
颜色作宾语补足语。


It is a fine player that we believe Jane.

我们相信
Jane
是一个出色的选手。


It is the Buckingham
Palace that the British Queen’s office building is called.
英国女
王的办公大楼被称作白金汉宫。


It is Cadillac that this car is named.
这辆车被命名为卡迪拉克。


二、强调谓语动词


用
“
助动词
do
＋

动词原形
”
来强调谓语动词。


注意：
谓语动词 只有两种时态能强调，
即一般现在时和一般过去时。
在一般现在
时中，
do< br>有人称的变化，第三人称单数用
does
，一般过去时
do
变成
did
。其他
时态的强调通过重读谓语动词来体现。


例如：


You’re quite wrong
？
she does like you.
你错了，她真的喜欢你。


Do come in.
快进来。


用
“
助动词
do
＋

动词原形
”
来强调谓语动词。


1
．强调一般现在时动词谓语：


例如：


I work hard. → I do work hard.

She loves you. → She does love you.


2
My father smokes a lot. → My father does smoke a lot.

2
．强调一般过去时动词谓语：


例如：


I called you in the morning.

→ I did call you in the morning.

I attended the meeting yesterday.

→
I did attend the meeting yesterday.

I handed in the paper yesterday.

→ I did hand in the paper yesterday.

He wrote a letter to me yesterday.

→ He did write a letter to me.

He came to see you yesterday.

→ He did come to see you yesterday.


倒装句

英语句子的语序一般是 固定的：主语在前，谓语在后，这叫陈述语序。谓语的全
部或一部分
（助动词或情态动词）放在主语之前的现象称为倒装。
倒装有两种情
况：语法倒装和修辞倒装。因为语法结构而必 须倒装的，叫语法倒装；为达到某
种修辞目的而倒装的，
叫修辞倒装。
我们学习倒装的 主要目的是增加对英语句式
多样性的认识，
以便在写作和口语中使用，
这也是我们学习 英语语法的主要目的。


一、语法倒装


1
．一般疑问句和特殊疑问句要倒装


例如：


Shall I open the door?
要我开门吗？


Are you cold?
你冷吗？


Can you read this poem in German?
你能用德语朗诵这首诗吗？


Which of the pictures do you like best?
你最喜欢哪张画？


How are you getting along?
你目前怎么样？


When will there be lasting peace in the world?

什么时候世界上才能有持久的和平？


2
．
There be
句型当中。
There be
句型表达的意思是：
“
某处有
….”
。这个句型的
主语在谓语动词后面，因此这是倒装语序。


例如：


There are not many people who want to read this book.

想看这本书的人不多。


There once lived a pack of wolves in this cave.

在这个洞里曾经住过一群狼。


There happened to be a taxi parked at the gate.

碰巧门口停着一辆出租车。


There is goin g to be a change in our arrangement.

我们的安排将有一个变化。



3
3
．当连词
as
表示
“
虽然、尽管
”
引 导让步状语从句时，句子要倒装，
as
相当于
though,
可以替换。


如：


Small as/though the atom is, we can smash it.

尽管原子很小，我们可以击碎它。


Tired as/though he was, he went on working.

(=Although he was very tired, he went on working.)

虽然他很累，他还是接着工作。


Cold as/though it was, we went out.
虽然天气冷，我们还是出去了。


Child as/though she is, she knows a great deal.

她虽然是个孩子，但她懂得很多。


Teacher as he is, he knows little about teaching.

尽管他是个老师，但不懂什么教学。


Pilots as he claims he is, no one has ever seen him fly a plane.

尽管他声称是个飞行员，但谁也没见过他非飞机。


注意后四句是可数名词单数作表语并提前，习惯上不用冠词。


4
．
虚拟语气条件从句中的
if
被省略时，
要把从句中的
were, had
或
should
移到
主语之前。
（
if
的省略、倒装只限于从句中有
were, had
或
should
这三个词时。
）


例如：


If I had been I
n your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.

=Had I been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.

如果我在你的位置，我不会这样早放弃。


If he were to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.

＝
Were he to succeed, the sun….

如果他能成功，太阳就会从西边出来。


If you should be asked about this, say that you know nothing.

=Should you be asked about this, say……

如果有人问起你这件事，你就说你什么也不知道。


Were there no air or water, there would be no life on the earth.

如果没有空气和水，地球上就不会有生命。


Had you been more careful, you might have avoided the mistake.

如果你再细心点，本来事可以避免这个错误的。


5
．以
so
开头的，表示
“
也一样
”
，
“
也这样
”
的句子要倒装。
So
用于肯定句，代
替上文中的形容词、
名词或 动词，
通常指前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人或
物。结构是
“so + be (do, have
其他助动词或情态动词
)
＋主语
”
。


如：


Production is going up, so is the people’s standard of living.

生产不断发展，人们的生活水平也一样。


Society has changed and so have the people in it.
社会变了，


社会上的人也变了。


Coal is under the ground, and so is oil.
煤在地底下，石油也是。


He saw it, and so did I.
他看见了，我也看见了。


They can swim now, and so can we.
他们现在能游泳，我们也能。


We must start for the work-site now. So must you.


4