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1970-01-01 08:00
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2021年1月23日发(作者:不可妥协)
辨别强调句、定语从句、主语从句、状语从


(要点精讲)

一、强调句与各从句的比较

1
.强调句与主语从句的比较

强调句将句子中的
It is/was … that
同时省去,句子仍然成立;而主语从句不能。如:

(1)It was Tom that saw Jane at the movie theater yesterday.
是汤姆昨天在电影院见到简。

本句若将
It was

that
同时省去为:
Tom saw Jane at the movie theater yesterday.
句子同
样成立,因此该句是强调句。

(2)It is true that he is a man of few words.
本句若将
It is

that
同时省去为:
true he is a man of few words.
,显然句子错误,因此,
该句不是强调句,而是主语从句。


2
.强调句与定语从句的比较

(1)
强调句中的
It
没有实际意义,
It be

that
同时去掉后句子仍然成立;而定语从句中

It be

that
不可同时省略。

(2)
在强调句中连接词 只有
that

who
,并且不可以省略;而在定语从句中一般使用关系代词
that

which

who

who m
或关系副词
when

where

why
等, 而
that
在从句中作宾语
的时候可以省略。

(3)
强调 句中可以用副词、
介词短语或从句来作被强调的内容;
而定语从句的先行词
(中
心词)一般是名词或名词短语。

比较下列句子


It is on the island that they spent 10 years.

It is the island where (on which) they spent 10 years.
解析:①表示地点的名词
the island
前有介词与其连用,
说明它是一个完整的地点状语。
如果将
it is

that
去掉:
They spent 10 years on the island.
它的意义仍然完整。故此句是强调
句。

②表示地点的名词
the island
前没有介词与其连用,说明它不是一个完整的地点状语。
如果将
it is
去掉:
They spent 10 years the island.
它的意义不完整。故应选用关系副词
where

on which
构成定语从句结构。

比较下列两句


It is on the date that she went abroad.

It is the date when (on which) she went abroad.
解析:③分析句子结构可知,在表示时间的名词
the date
前有介词与其连用,说明它是
一个完整的时间状语。如果将
it is
去掉:
She went abroad on the date.
它的意义仍然完整。故
此句是强调句。

④分析句子结构可知,在表示时间的名词
the date
前没有介词与其连用,说明它不是一
个完整的时间状语。如果将
it is
去掉:
She went abroad the date.
它的意义不完整。故应选用
关系副词
when

on which
构成定语从句结构。


3
.强调句与状语从句的比较

(1)
强调句将句子中的
it is/was … that
同时省去,句子 仍然成立;而状语从句句首的
It
本身就是句子的主语,
it be
及后面的连接词
that
都不可以去掉。

比较下列三个句子


It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much.
这是一本如此有趣的书,我们都非常喜欢。


It is such an interesting book that we all like very much.
一本如此有趣的书,我们都非常喜欢。


It is such an interesting book as we all like very much.
这就是我们大家都非常喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。

解析:
①句若将
It is

that
同时省去为:
such an interesting book we all like it very much.

显然句子错误,因此该句是结果状语从句。

②句将
It is

that
去掉,句子为:
we all like such an interesting book very much.
,句子仍
然成立,故本句是强调句。

③本句是定语从句,先行词 是
book

as
引导的从句修饰
book


比较下列两句


It was already morning when he woke up.
当他醒来时,已经是早晨了。


It was the next morning that he woke up.
他在第二天早晨他醒来了。

解析:④句是时间主从复合句,
when
后面引导的是时间状语从句。

⑤本句是强调句,强调
the next morning



二、错误判断强调句的两种情况

1
.将非强调句判为强调句

(1)
易混句型:
It be+
段时间
+since…
“自从……以来”

该句型中的
be
动词通常为一般现在时态或现在完成时态,
since
引导的从句通常是一般< br>过去时态。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。

例:
That was really a splendid(
灿烂的,辉煌的
) evening. It’s years
______ I enjoyed
myself so much.
A

when




B

that


C

before





D

since
答案:
D
解析:
考查固定句型。本句使用的句型是:
It is+
一段时间
+since
引导时间状语从句,表
示“自从……有多久了”。由< br>since
引导的时间状语从句,如从句中的谓语动词是持续性动
词,
动作从结 束时算起,
如从句中的谓语动词是瞬间动词,
动作从开始时算起,
如:
It’ s three
years since he joined the army.
(他参 军已经三年了。)本题中的
enjoy
是持续性动词,所以
翻译成:那真是美妙的夜晚 ,我已有多年没有玩得如此愉快了。选
D


(2)
易混句型:
It be+
点时间
+when…
“当……的时候,是……”

该句型中的
when
引导的是一个时间状语从句。
be
动词的时态没有明确限制,
点时间前
不加介词。

例:

Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock
______ he arrived home.
A

before




B

when






C

that





D

until
答案:
B
解析:句意:
——< br>昨天晚上杰克回来得早吗?
——
是的。他到家的时候还不到八点。
A
项 代入句子中句意不对;
B
项代入句子中句意通顺;
C
项将
It was

that
去掉,句子为:
He
arrived home
not yet eight o’clock.
,句子不对;
D
项代入句中句子不对。

(3)
易混句型:
It be+
段时间
+before…
“ 多久之后才……”、“……就……”,该句型
主句中
be
动词的时态常是一般将来时或 过去时两种时态,主句中的表语多是
long

not
long

days

weeks
等表示时间段的词或短语。

例:

How long do you think it will be ______ China sends a manmade spaceship to the
moon?

Perhaps two or three years.
A

when



B

until



C

that



D

before
答案:
D
解析:
句意:——
你认为多久之后中国会将人造宇宙飞船送到月球?
——
可能两到三年。
It be+
段时间
+before…
表示“多久之后才……”,其它项代入句中意 思不对。


2
.将强调句判为非强调句

有些强调句型由 于句子本身有一定的特殊性,
比如是强调句的特殊疑问句形式,
强调句
中有情态动词或 复杂时态等,
强调句中的被强调成分过于复杂,
强调句与其他从句混杂在一
起,等等, 这都可能掩盖强调句型的本来面目,从而导致误判。如:

(1)When was ______ that the general manager left for Japan?
A

he



B

it




C

that





D

since
答案:
B
解析:
强调句的特殊疑问句形式,
可视为
It was +
时间状语
+ that the general left for Japan
的特殊疑问句形式。

(2)It might have been John ______ bought a present for Mary yesterday.
A

that





B

when




C

what





D

which
答案:
A
解析:本句为强调句型,只是 句中有情态动词
might
,将
It

have been
去掉,句子为:
John bought a present for Mary yesterday.
,句子仍然完整。

(3)It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed(
使恼怒
) me.
A

which




B

as







C

what






D

that
答案:
D
解析:强调句型,被强调部分为
what he meant rather than what he said
,句意:让我生气
的不是他说的话,而是他话中的意思。

(4)It was just in this room ______ he was born ______ he did.
A

where, which






B

that, that





C

where, that





D

which, that
答案:
C
解析:强调句型,被强调成分是
in this room

where he was born
是修饰
room
的定语从
句。

(5)It was lack of money, not of effort, ______ defeated their plan.
A

which






B

as





C

that






D

what
答案:
C
解析:强调句型,被强调成分为
lack of money, not of effort



(典例剖析)

【例题
1


Where did you get to know her?

It was on the farm
______
we worked.
A

that

B

there

C

which


D

where
【答案】
D
【解析】考查定 语从句和强调句型。本题较难,考生容易错选
A
项,认为是一个强调句型。
实际上where we worked
是一个定语从句修饰先行词
the farm
,在句子最后还省略了强调句
型的后半句
that I got to know her

句意:
——你是在哪里认识她的?——就是在我们工作的
农场里我认识了她。故
D
正确。

【难度】困难


【例题
2

It was for this reason
______
her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a
small village.
A

which


B

why



C

that


D

how
【答案】
C
【解析】该题为强调句型,而非 定语从句,故选
C
。辨析的关键:强调句型可以通过还原法
将其还原,
本句还 原后为:
Her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village
for this reason.
,故选
C
项。

【难度】一般


(精题精练)

1.
对下面划线部分用强调句进行强调

(1)Did she go swimming in the river?
(2)Who said all the students could answer the question?
(3)I did not realize the blessing of health until I fell ill.
(4)That tower was burnt down in the fire.
【答案】

(1)
Was it in the river that she went swimming?

(2)
Who was it that said all the students could answer the question?

(3)
It was not until I fell ill that I realized the blessing of health.

(4)It was that tower that was burnt down in the fire.
【解析】

(1)
划线部分是地点状语,用
It
be.. .that...
句型强调,根据句子是一般疑问句,所以对地点状
语强调仍然是疑问句,时态 用一般过去时态,将被强调成分放在
it
之后,句子的其余成分
放在
that
之后,故是
Was it in the river that she went swimming?

(2)
划线部分是主语,用
It
be... that...
句型强调,根据句子是特殊疑问句,所以强调句也是特
殊疑问句,
因为 被强调成分是特殊疑问词,
所以将特殊疑问词放在句首,
将其它成分放在
that之后,故是
Who was it that said all the students could answer the question?

(3)
句子运用了
not...until...
句型,
而且划线部分是
until
引导的从 句,
not...until...
的强调句型是
It be not until +
被强调成分
+that+
句子的其余成分,故是
It was not until I fell ill that I realized
the blessing of health.

(4)
划线部分是主语,用
It
be.. .that...
句型强调,这道题比较容易将主语中的
that
丢掉,
th at
是修饰
tower
的,是被强调成分,强调句型中的
that
是 连接词,也不能去掉。

【难度】一般




was
when
we
were
returning
home
________I
realized
what
a
good
feeling
it
was
to
have
helped someone in trouble.
A

which



B

that





C

where





D

how

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