2021年1月23日发(作者：防尘)

英语中的否定转移
-
以及部分否
定


1

英
语中
的
否定转
移

○
“
I don’t think
he is a good doctor.”

翻译：我认为他不是个好医生。

I don’t think
you will have any difficulty in finding the boy’s dormitory.

翻译：我认为你找到男生宿舍不会有困难。

否定转移的主句动词在语义上可分为两类：

A:
表示看法的动词
：

be supposed to, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think
，
fancy
，
guess
，
should s ay
等表示主观意见和猜想的动词在句中作谓语时，
按习惯其宾语从句的否定通常转
移 到主句。

如：

1. I
didn’t think


I
have seen
you before.
2. She
didn’t imagine


that we
would say

anything.
B:
表示感觉的动词：

在
seem
，
feel< br>，
taste
，
sound
，
appear
，
look like, feel as if, look as if, sound as if
作联系动词的句子中，
特别是
seem
，
按习惯以它的否定来代替其他部分 的否定。
例如：

1. The baby
doesn’t


appear to be awake.
2. It
doesn’t look

（看起来）

like
it’s

（天不会）
going to rain.

3
．
English doesn't seem
easy to learn.
英语好像不容易学。

4
．
It didn't seem
during those years that there could be anyone else who might
share my own peculiar tastes.
在那些年月里，似乎没有人会有我这样的特殊情
趣。


类似的情况还有半助动词
happen
。


例如：
He
didn't happen to
be at home.
他碰巧不在家。


C:
以
because
引导的从句或
because of
引导的介词短语在句中作原因状语时，
其
否定常常转移
。例如：

1
．
I don't teach because
teaching is easy for me., and nor do I teach because I
think I know answers, or I have knowledge I feel compelled to share with others.
(
＝

I teach not because… neither because…)
我当教师，并不是因为我觉得教书
轻松
……
也不是因为 我认为自己能够解答各种问题，
或者因为我有满腹学问，
觉
得非与别人分享不可。
2.
I didn't go there because of
his request. (
＝
I went there not because of his
request.)
我不是因为他的要求而去的。


在有些情况下，否定显然是在主句，而不在从句，并未转移。例如：

I couldn't concentrate because I was so hungry, because I hadn't had my
breakfast.
我无法集中精力，因为我很饿，因为我没有吃早饭。


有时，特指否定和一般否定界线不明，因而产生歧义。例如：

I didn't go because I was afraid.
特指否定：我去了，但不是因为我害怕。一般
否定：我没有去，因为我害怕。




当句子是一般否定时，为避免歧义，在口头表达时，需在
be cause
前稍作停顿。
在书面表达时，可在
because
前用逗号将从句 和主句分开。例如：

He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
他没去上学，因为他病了。

D:
不转移否定的几种情况

在以下特殊情况中，
即使有允许否定转 移的动词，
也
不能将其否定转移到主句中
。



1.

I think
是插入语
，可看作与其他部分无关时。如：


I wish you were here, then, I think, I should not feel like this.

2.
主句中有情态动词
can’t, mustn’t, wouldn’t
等时。如：


I can’t believe that they are married.


You mustn’t think he’s stupid.

3.
由于
cannot help doing, ought not, need not, not at all
等短语的关系而把
I
think
隔离时。如：


I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.
“I think the angel is not at all in heaven.” Redmond said.

4.
由于受
not just…but, just not…enough, not much, not quite
等以
not
为核 心的
副词短语
的影响，也不便把其否定转移到主句中。如：


I think I’m just not smart enough to make any sense out
of for you.
But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.
5.
句中含有
no, never, nothing, nobody
等否定词时。如：

I should think you never have seen many.
I thought it explained nothing.
2

英语中的否定转移○
1)
将
think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, i magine
等动词后面宾语从句的
否定词转移到主句中，
即主句的谓语动词用否定式 ，
而从句的谓语动词用肯定形
式。



I don't think I know you.

我想我并不认识你。



I don' t believe he will come.

我相信他不回来。

注意：若谓语动词为
hope,
宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。



I hope you weren't ill.
我想你没有生病吧。

2)
将
seem, appear
等后的从句的否定转移到前面。



It doesn't seem that they know where to go.


看来他们不知道往哪去。



It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.


看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。


3)
有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。



I don't remember having ever seen such a man.





我记得从未见过这样一个人。

(not
否定动名词短语

having
…
)


It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on
the street.



在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。


(anyone
作主语时，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。
)
4)
有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。



The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.

(
否定状语
)

蚂蚁不只是
为自己采食。



He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (
否
定
because
状语
)
他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何，就轻信此事。


She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother
saw her and was struck by her beauty.

(
否定状语
many weeks)

她结婚还不到
几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着迷。

但是属于下列情况的却不用进行否定转移

1.
主句的谓语动词为一般过去时或过去完成时时。

例如：
He thought that it was not his duty to help Tom.
他认为帮助汤姆不是
他的责任。

I had thought that he would not come.
我原以为他不回来呢。

2.
主句的谓语动词为过去进行时时。

例如：

Mary was thinking the room was not hot enough.
玛丽在想那房间还
不够热。





We were thinking they could not receive our demands.
我们在想他们不
可能接受我们的要求。

3
、主句的谓语动词为现在完成时或现在完成进行时时。例如：

We have supposed we will not trouble you again.
我们想我们不会再麻烦你
了。






I have been thinking that the sky won
’
t fall down.
我相信天不会塌下
来。

4
、当
think
用在疑问句中时，一般不要求否定转移。




Why do you think we can
’
t change your note?
你为什么认为我们换不
开你的钞票呢？




Do you think my mother wouldn
’
t permit this?
你认为我妈妈不会答应
吗？

5
、当主句中的谓语动词与情态动词连用时，不属于否定转移。例如：




The boss must think I am not fit for the job.
老板一定认为我不适合这项
工作。




You can
’
t think how glad I am to see you.
你无法想象我见到你是多么
高兴。

6
、当主句中的谓语动词与状语连用时，不属于否定转移现象。例如：





I didn
’
t think that they were happy.
我并不认为他们是幸福的。






I really think you needn
’
t worry about him.
我真认为你没必要为他担
心。

7
、当主句中的谓语动词被加强语气的助动词
do, does, did
修饰时，否定不
转移。例如：

I do think it is wise of her to say so.
我确实认为她这么说是明智的
.