2021年1月23日发(作者：奇尼)
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I.


作文

常用句型归纳

一、以下是各种开头写法常用的句型


(1)
、有关概括的句型。

1
）
The following characteristics may best demonstrate certain advantages
of
…





2
）
In general, the situation is still serious.
3
）
Bright side and dark side of… have been summarized as follows.

4
）
Different people have different opinions
（
ideas
）

about …

5
）
In daily life, we often meet with various situations concerning …

6
）
People enjoy several benefits from …

7
）
Different attitudes towards … may be listed as follows.


(2)
、点明主题的句型。

1
）
It has been said that …

2
）
In my opini
on, it is right to …

3
）
In a certain sense , …


(3)
、交代目的的句型。

1
）
In order to … I write this passage / letter.

2
）
This article is written not for the purpose of …, but for the purpose
of …

4
）
The composition is written for the sake of …

5
）
I have this report publ
ished in the hope of …

6
）
Owing to
（
Because
of /
Due to
/
On account
of
）
…,
I write these
words.

(4)
、常用提出问题的句型。

1
）
What has caused the problem ?
2
）
Have you ever thought about the factors which can be attributed to the

phenomenon?
3
）
What is the nature of …?

4
）
What are the causes of this new phenomenon?
5
）

____ now plays such an influential part in
people’s lives that it is
essential for

us
to
try to
decide whether it is
a blessing
（福）
or a curse
（祸）
.
Obviously

____
has
both
bright
side
and
dark
side.
But
does
the
former
outweigh the latter?
(
下面的开篇 句子虽然不是一个问句，但它实际上提出了一个问
题，因此也可以归入这一类型。
)
6
）
It has never been explained why
…

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7
）
No one could explain why
…


(5)
、介绍评述对象的句型。

1
）
…
refer to
…

2
）
…
may be described as
…

3
）
…
can be defined as
…


(6)
、引用名人名言或谚语俗语开头时常用的句型。

1
）
An ancie
nt Chinese saying goes, “ …

”.

2
）
As an English proverb exposes one truth , “ …

”.

3
）
A motto
（箴言，座右铭）
reads, “ … ”.

4
）
A famous philosopher once said, “ … ”.



二
、
英语文章常用的“
启、承、转、合
”
表达方式


（
1
）有关
“
启
”
的常用词语：用于引导主题句、或用于主题句的后面，引导第 一
个扩展句。

first (ly)













第一






at first








最初

first of all







首先，第一





in the beginning



起初

in the first place


首先，第一





at present








现在

to begin with



首先，第一





currently









目前

to start with




首先，第一




lately












最近

recently











最近






now









现在

generally speaking


一般说来






on the whole




从总体上看








for one thing

（常与
for another
连用）





首先

on (the) one hand

（常与
on the other hand
连用）




一方面

< br>（
2
）有关
“
承
”
的常用词语：用于承接主题句或第 一个（或前一个）扩展句
。

second (ly)








第二；第二点





in other words

换句话说

third (ly)







第三；第三点



in particular




尤其是


also (or too)





并且；又；也



in the same way



同样地

besides (this)









此外








after that










此后

in addition











此外








afterwards








此后

in addition to






除
......
之外






after a few days

几天之后

furthermore






而且；此外







after a while







过了一会儿

moreover








而且；此外



from now on


从现在开始



what is more






而且；此外



apart from


除
……
之外







just as















正如





similarly




同样地

for example











例如





for instance


例如

as an example









例如





meanwhile



与此同时

at the same time







同时




as another example


再如

by this time










此时





namely


即；就是


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soon
















不久




then









然后

of course











当然




for this purpose





为此

equally important
同样重要






another example is …



再如

for another



（前句有
for one thing
）








其次

a case in point is

适当的例子是




to illustrate













比如



an illustration of this

例
如





for another











其次

still another


再如




for another example




再如


（
3
）有关
“
转
”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的情况。

after all














毕竟






on the contrary




相反地

but

















但是




in contrast



相比之下

yet














仍然；然而





unlike…




与
……
不同

however








然而







whereas…








然而
……

on the other hand

另一方面






nevertheless






尽管如此

nonetheless









尽管如此






all the same


但是

conversely











相反




unfortunately


不幸地

though













尽管如此






still












仍然

although













虽然




in fact









事实上

despite or in spite of



尽管





as a matter of fact




事实上



by comparison







比较而言




by contrast









对比而言

in reality





实际上






（
4
）有关
“
合
”
的常用词 语：用于小结段落中上文的内容、引导最后一个扩展句
或引导结

尾句表示段落的结束。

finally














最后



as has been noted



如前所述

hence















因此




as I have said



如我所述

in brief













简言之





at last









终于

in conclusion









总之






at length







最后；
终于

for that reason




正因为如此







in consequence








结果




in short











简而言之







by and large






一般说来

in summary








概
括地说







consequently










因此

therefore









因此







eventually












最
终

thus
















因此






accordingly












于是

to sum up






总而言之






indeed











的确

to conclude








总而言之






surely











无疑

to summarize






总而言之






no doubt






毫无疑问



briefly












简单地说






undoubtedly










无疑

above all









最重要的是




truly













的确

as a consequence






因此




so














所以

as a result












结果




obviously









显然

for this reason





正因为如此




certainly










无疑

in a word








一言以敝之




in sum







总而言
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之

as the above examples show

in the final analysis











如上述例子所示

分析归结到一点



[
注
]
（
1
）上面所列各种
“
启、承、 转、合
”
表达方式只是一个基本分类。在不同
的上、下文中，有的表达方式如：
naturally,
obviously,
consequently
等可以表达多种逻辑关系。在具体的上下文中究竟哪一个为最佳表达方
式仍需进一步甄选。

（
2
）并不是任何一个段落都有一个完整的
“
启、承、转、合
”
的过程。一般
说来，

“
启、承
”
比较固定， 而
“
转、合
”
则往往要取决于文体和段落的
发展方法。


三、结尾部分可能使用的结束语


(1)
、意犹未尽。此类结束语往往能唤起读者的期待感。

1
）

The
suggestion
（
proposal,
plan,
scheme,
etc.
）

is
open
to
question
（
discussion,

argument etc.
）
.
2
）
The phenomenon remains to be further studied.
3
）
This article is only the beginning of a long essay.
4
）
What has been discussed above is only the tip of an iceberg
（冰山一角）
.
5
）
The story is hardly unique, there are many similar stories in reality.

6
）
This is not the only case. It is worth conducting further research.
7
）
But
this
new
application
is
another
story
—
one
we
will
talk
about
in
another article.

(2)
、号召呼吁。作者往往在此类结束语中提出一些具体建议。

1
）
It’s
time
for
us
to
realize
the
urgency
of
the
situation
.
Complaint
and
gloom are useless, we should readjust to new challenges. Today we must
take immediate actions to preserve a hopeful tomorrow.
2
）
Though we have made much progress, we must remember that it is only
the first step in the right direction. Let’s
continue to contribute our efforts
and
ideas.
To
solve
the
problem
（
To
reach
our
goals,
To
realize
our
dreams ,To carry out the project further etc.
）
, we still have a long way to
go.

3
）
To
realize
this
vision,
we
should
initiate
（开始，着手）

a
series
of
measures. Firstly, government must enforce strategic policy in the long
run.
Secondly,
the
development
of
___
has
to
come
along
with
the
perfecting
of
the
country’s
laws
（
or
democracy
or
social
security
network, etc.
）
. Thirdly, the power to implement laws
（
执法力度）
should
be
strengthened.
All
this
means
that
we
must
take
immediate
and
efficient actions.
4
）
Ways of coping with the issue are many, but what really counts is that we
should
do
more
than
talk
about
handling
the
problem.
Only
when
the
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