2021年1月23日发(作者：骗人)
JACK
Questions regarding the texts
Unit 1
1.

what is logistics compared to in the text?
In the text, logistics is compared to a unique global pipeline that operates every hour and every
day.
2.

Isn
’
t logistics something new? Why?
Logistics
is
not
a
new
thing.
The
reason
is
that
Logistics
came
into
being
with
the
advent
of
civilization.
3.

What is flowing in the pipeline of logistics?
Material and information are flowing in the pipeline of logistics.
4.

Give examples of logistics activities in a given factory.
In a given factory ,there are logistics activities such as packaging, warehousing, material handling,
inventory, transport, forecasting, strategic planning and customer service.
5.

Give examples to show that logistics is working every day, even at night.
Transport
is
operating
every
day
and
every
night.
Material
handling
is
the
same,
so
are
other
factors of logistics.
6.

How many sectors of economic activities are involved in logistics? What are they?
Various sectors of economic activities are involved in logistics. They are : packaging, warehousing,
material handling, inventory, transport, forecasting, strategic planning and customer service.
7.

How important is logistics in production process?
Logistics is one part of the supply chain process which has close relation to the flow and storage
of
goods,
service
and
information.
It
plays
important
role
in
the
production
process
and
contributes a lot to the efficiency of

a company.
Unit 2
ts are of two kinds. What are they?
There
are
two
kinds
of
products:
one
is
products
for
customers,

and
the
other
is
products
for
industrial use.
is the most important characteristic of any product?
Any product has an important characteristic , that is, its availability at the place where a customer
wishes to consume it.

do
you
differentiate
convenience
products
from
shopping
products
and
from
specialty
products?
Convenience
products
are
goods
and
services
that
consumers
purchase
frequently,
immediately
and
with
little
comparative
shopping.
Shopping
products
are
those
for
which
consumers
are
willing to seek and compare . Specialty products are those for which buyers are willing to expend
a substantial effort and often wait for a lot of time to acquire them.
4. do you know of consumer goods?
Consumers products are those that are directed to the final consumers.
do you know about industrial products?
Industrial products are those which are used in industrial production, such as steel, coal etc.
does mer
’
s service mean?
Consumer
’
s service refers to the service supplied to consumers.
Unit 3
JACK
1.

Why
is
transportation
considered
so
important
to
the
economy
of
a
country?
Why
is
it
so
important to the individual firm?

Because
transportation
is
a
vital
component
in
the
logistics
system,
it
is
considered
very
important to the economy of a country. It is very important to the individual firm because it may
account for one
–
third to two-thirds of total logistics costs.
2.


Why do you think that each mode has an advantage with their
particular product groups ?
Note that one particular

kind of goods may be shipped by two or more different modes of
transport.
Transportation by air is the quickest ,however, the cost is the highest. The volume transported by
rail is the largest, but the speed is lower than that of air transportation. .Transportation by water is
the most inexpensive.

3.

Why
has
containerization
become
such
a
popular
means
of
transport
in
international
transportation?
Containers
can
prevent
goods
from
being
damaged
in
transit.
Besides
it
facilitates
the
handling
and transportation of goods.
4.

What role do agencies play in the transportation system? What services do they provide?
They
play
an
important
role
in
the
transportation
system.
They
help
their
clients
to

prepare
documentation , make customs clearance, and learn information about various customs procedures
and the use of foreign trade zones.
5.

Explain
why
transport
rates
typically
vary
with
the
weight
of
a
shipment,
the
distance
a
shipment is transported, and the value of the transport service.
Because cost consists of variable cost and fixed cost. Variable cost changes with the weight of a
shipment,
the
distance

and
the
value
of
the
transport
service.
The
heavier
the
shipment
,
the
longer the distance and the more valuable the shipment, the higher the transport rates.
Unit 4
1.

what do you think is most important in the value-added process?
In the value-added process, inventory is viewed as most important

2.

What will happen if the inventory overstocks?
.If you keep an overstock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, but also in
many aspects , such as the capital cost and interest , taxes, insurance, obsolescence cost and the
storage cost.
3.

What are the advantages of holding inventories?
If there is proper amount of inventory, a company can take goods from stock and meet customer
’
s
need immediately.
4.

If you were a boss, what methods would you adopt to reduce costs in holding inventories ?
If I were a boss, I would make a inventory plan first. Then I would use the lot sizing concept to
balance the cost of maintaining inventories against the cost of ordering. At last I would use the lot
quantities formulations to find out the lowest cost of inventory.
5
．
What does the lot quantity formulations identify?
Lot quantity formulations identify the precise quantities at which the annual combined total costs
of ordering and maintenance is lowest for a given sales volume.
Unit 5
1.

what are the two kinds of packing?
Packing can be divided into two kinds: one is industrial packing , the other is consumer packing.
JACK
2.

Which kind of packing is directly related to consumers?
Consumer packing is directly related to consumers. It aims at containing the goods, promoting the
sale of it and facilitating use of it.
3.

Is consumer packing of vital significance to logistics?
No. it is not .The reason is that consumer packing mainly aims at containing the goods, promoting
the sale of it and facilitating use of it.
4.

Which kind of packing is very important to logistics?
Industrial packing is very important to logistics. Industrial packing refers to the packing used in
industry.

5.

what is the first function of industrial packing?
The
first
function
of
industrial
packing
is
that
it
can
protect
the
goods
from
damage
during
handling, storing and transportation.
6.

What is the second function of industrial packing?
The second function of industrial packing is that it can promote logistical efficiency.
7.

Must the packing material be strong enough? If so to what extent?
No, it needn
’
t .Because absolute protection is impossible, if the damage is within the allowable
damage , the extent of protection is enough.
8.

Why is absolute protection impossible?
The reason is that absolute protection makes the cost too high.
9.

Why must the package be easy to handle?
The reason is that the easier it is to handle a product, the lower the transportation rate.
10.

What does UPC mean? What is the use of it?
UPC means Universal product code. It is a kind of bar code.
Unit 6
1.

According
to
paragraph
1,
what
does
a
manufacturer
,
wholesaler
or
retailer
have
to
do
to
support the operation of his organization.
To support his organization, he has to buy materials ,services ,and supplies from outside suppliers.
2.

What does supply management mean for most organizations?
For most organizations, supply management means purchasing.
3.

What has given more knowledge about the role played by purchasing to many managers?
The
concept
of
supply
chain
management
has
given
more
knowledge
about
the
role
played
by
purchasing.
4.

What is one of the largest elements of costs for many firms?
For many firms ,one of the largest elements of costs is purchased goods and services.
5.

What percentage do purchased goods and services account for in the total sales in the average
manufacturing firm in North America?
Purchased goods and services account for about 55 cents of every sales dollar.
6.

What kind of managers can save their organizations large sums relative to the competition?
Managers
with
good
negotiating
skills
and
strong
relationships
with
suppliers
can
save
their
organizations large sums .
7.

What can create competitive cost advantage that last for a long time?
Identifying the right production equipment and buying it at a good price can create competitive
cost advantage that lasts for many years.