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1970-01-01 08:00
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2021年1月23日发(作者:转世灵童)
英语中的逻辑词汇草稿

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2010-12-07 20:13:34
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语言学有一基本观点:英语讲逻辑,汉语讲感觉。还有个说法就是英 语是形合,汉语是意连。也
就是说不管是在口头上抑或是书面语中,英语表达特别注重逻辑。
所 以英语中体现其特有的鲜明
的逻辑思维词汇便是其中的明证。从目前的高考英语考试中
,我们不 难看出出题人就是想凸显英
语的这一语言特点

考查逻辑词汇

单项 选择直接考查

阅读理解间接考查

书面表达应用考查。
句子层面, 段落层面以及篇章都成了出题人设题的切入点。
10
年安徽卷的完形填空就是一个例
子 。因此,学习中抓逻辑词汇也是一个必不可少的环节。下面就高中阶段所涉及到一些比较重要
的表示逻辑 关系的小词分述如下

,I
.时间:
since, ever since, from then on, soon after, afterward, until, in the meantime,
meanwhile, at the same time, in the beginning, at first, originally, initially,
simultaneously

once,
the moment, hardly...when...

23. Jim want to answer the phone. ___ , Harry started to prepared lunch. (10
辽宁高考)

A. However
B. Nevertheless
C. Besides
D. Meanwhile

__3_ I was a little apprehensive.
I thought that they would not agree to stop or if they did that
they might ask me for more money.
4
, I received the kind of care and concern that was
simply overwhelming.

3 A. First
B. From the beginning
C. In the beginning
D. First of all

4 A. Besides
B. What's worse
C. Instead
D. What's more

题解:考查表时间的过渡词,根据语境可知此处表示起初有一种担心,但后来则不存在了。
fi rst
用于事物的罗列;
first of all
用于加强语气,表示

最重要的是


in the beginning

at first

义,即

起初,开始的时候



from the beginning
意思是

从头开始

。(
C
)正确

有上文


I was a little apprehensive”
和下文

“received the kind of care and concern that was
simply ove
rwhelm ing”
可知事实与作者担心的完全相反。故选(
C



II
.列举:对一类事物举出具体的例子。通常表现为前面是复数或者抽象的概念,后面是这个概
念中的一个或几个事物

firstly, secondly, finally; next, last

for example/instance, such as

some…others…still
others

for one thing, for another

in the first place

一、区分
for instance/example

such as.
前者往往是举



(做什么或谁做什么),后者是举
“< br>物

(什么东西)
;举事往往与前文用逗号分开,甚至另起一句再排阵势;举物 则多结合在一起,
当然也可分开。

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people
involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.
31
.[
A

as to

B

for instance

C

in particular

D

such as
题解:前为复数
cases
案件
,
后为单数
trial
审判
,
后者是对前者的列举,是一个名词短语 代表的



,故选
D


However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be
wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters
with many student- written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book
discussion clubs.
28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense
题解:前为复数
activities
活动,后为对活动的列举,与前文 逗号分开,且为



(做什么),故
C


The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals
20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
20.

A

similar to

B

such as

C

along with

D

aside from
题解:后面

烟味

是前文

紧急信号

之一种,故
B
。< br>


such as
有两种用法

Such A as B

A such as B.

such teachers as Tom

teachers such
as Tom
,都是对的。

.Such poets as Shakespeare ___ widely read

of whose works

however

some ___ difficult to
understand
.【
10
四川卷
,15


A

are

are B

is

is C

are

is D

is

are
【答
案】
A

【解析】

考查主谓一致。主句中的主语应为
poets,
谓语动词用复数,其后的非限制性定语从句
的主语应为
some of whose works
,谓语动词也应是复数。故选
A



III
:让步:
though, although, even though/when/if, in spite of, despite, given, as, while, no
matter..., whether...or..., whatever

【注意几个特殊的词】

一、
Though

a lthough
一般做

虽然

,引导从句,也就是重心是在主句< br>“
但是

上。但有时这两
个词都可说成

但是

,反而是意思的核心

Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess
vitamins. Many people, 50 , believe in being on the
50. (A) nevertheless
(B) therefore
(C) moreover
(D) meanwhile
题解:空格前后是逗号,说明考的句 间关系。本句说的是很多人相信吃得多些比较好,要看前一
句来决定是因果还是转折等。前一句说获取足 够的维他命对生命来说是重要的,
although
过了
没有用。如果前面主句是重心 ,则
50
该选
C
,构成因果关系。而根据上下文,其实重心已转移
到 了
although
从句,
although
应该说成

但 是

,这样与下句是反的,选
A


Though
更是另有绝用,让人大跌眼镜。

In fact

5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it.


5.

A

anyway

B

though

C

instead

D

therefore
题解:首先要知道,两个逗号之间的连 接副词,表示的是与前一句之间的关系。由上文可知是转
折,此处似乎只有
though
能担此任
,
而它恰恰可以胜似无碍。它还可以放在一句的最后,同样表
示转折。
二、
given
看起来是个过去分词,但叛变了,多作介词用,
given that
还可跟从句,所表示的逻
辑关系,可顺可反,顺的请看下面

因果< br>”
中的表现,此处单表反的,即相当于

虽然有



Given all the disadvantages, he managed to win.
虽有各种不利,他还是争取到成功。

IV
.转折


but, however, yet

nevertheless, nonetheless

instead, instead of

not…but, rather
than

fortunately, unfortunately

in fact; anywayanyhow

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