2021年1月23日发(作者：用英语怎么说)
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考试教材

【海天教育
-
研究生考试
(
考研
)
试题】：

Section I Use of English



Dnecclious:



Read
thc
following

the
bcsl
word(s)
for
each
numbcred

mark[A]
，
[B]
，
[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)



In 1924
American' National
Research
Council
sent
to
engineer to supervise
a series
of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawhtore Plant near



Chicago
It
hoped
they
would
learn
how
stop-floor
Egnting
__1__
workors
productivity
Instead
，
the studies ended__2__ giving their name
to the“Hawhthome




effect”the extremely inflentlcel ldea the veey__3__to bemg expenmented upon
changed subjects’behavior




The idea arose because of the__4__behavior of the women in the mg to
__5__of the output rose when hghtmg WaS




also
when
it
was
dimmed.
It
did
not
__6__what
was
done
in
the
expenment.
__7__sometmg was hnty rose A(n) __8__ that they



were
bemg
experimented
upon
seemed
to
be
__9__t0
alterworkers'
bchamor
__10__
uself



After several decades
，
the salile data were __11__to econometric the analysis
Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store j2
一
the descnpuons on record
，
no



systematic __13__was foundthat lcvcls of produchxnty wererelated to changes in
lighting



It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the c~enments may be have let to
__14__interpretation of what happed.__15__
，
tighring was always changed on



a Sunday When work started again on Monday, output __16__ rose compared with the
previous Saturday and __17__ to rise for the next couple of days __18__ ,
，




a
comparison
with
data
for
weeks
whenthere
was
no
expenmentation
showed
that
output
always went up On Monday, workers __19__to be duigent for the first few



days of the week in any case
，
before __21__a plateau and then slackening off This
suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect“is hard to ptn down




1.[A] affected [B]achieved [C]exlracted [D]restoored



2[A]at [B]up [C]with [D]Off



3[A]Wuth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof



4.[A]conVoversial [B]perplexing [c]mischieous [D]ambiguous



5.[A]reqtttrents [B]cxplanalions [C]accounts [D]assements



6[A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work



7[A]as faras [B]for fearthat [C]in casethat [D]so long as



8.[A]awarerress [B]expectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion



9.[A]suitale [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant



10.[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by



11[A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed



12.[A]contrary to [B]consistent with [C]parallel with [D]pealliar to



13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source



14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]retiable [D]wasleadmg



15.[A]In contast [B]For example [C]In consequence [D]As usual



16.[A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly



17.[A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued



20.[A]breaking [B]chrnbing [C]surpassmg [D]hiting



Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension




Part A



Directions
：




Read
the
following
four

the
questions
below
each
text
by
choosing[A]
，
[B]
，
[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)



Text 2



Over the past decade,thousands of patents have seen granled for what are called
business com received one for its“one
-
click”online payment




systern Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation
invenlor patented a tochnique for lying a box



Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on
business- method patents, which have been controversial e,ver since they were first



authorized 10 years ago In a movethat has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the
U.S court of Appeals for the federal ctrcuit sald it would usea particular case tO



conduct
a
broad
review
of
business-method
patents.
Inre
Bijskl,
as
the
case
is
known,
is“a very big deal”，
says Dermis'D Crouch of the University of Missoun



School of “has the potential to elinate an entire class of patmts”




Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the
federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the
so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund
assets.
That
ruling
produced
an
explosion
in
business-method
patent
filings,
initially
by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types
of
online transactions. Later,
move established
companies raced to
add such patents
to
their
files,
if
only
as
a
defensive
move
against
rivals
that
might
bent
them
to
the
punch.
In
2005,
IBM
noted
in
a
court
filing
that
it
had
been
issued
more
than
300
business- method
patents
despite
tha
fact
that
it
questioned
the
legal
basis
for
granting
them.
Similarly,
some
Wall
Street
investment
films
armed
themselves
with
patents
for
financial
products,
even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice
。




The
Bilski
case
involves
a
claimed
patent
on
a
method
for
hedging
risk
in
the
energy
market.
The
Federal
circuit
issued
an
unusual
order
stating
that
the
case
would
be
heard
by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that
one
issue it wants to evaluste is wether it should “reconsider” its state street Bank
ruling
。




The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by
the supreme. Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last
April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for
“inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reaction to
the anti_patent trend at the supreme court” says Harole C wegner, a partend att
orney
and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School
。




26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of



[A] their limited value to business



[B] their connection with asset allocation



[C] the possible restriction on their granting



[D] the controversy over authorization



27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?



[A] Its rulling complies with the court decisions



[B] It involves a very big business transaction



[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit



[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S
。




28. The word “about
-
face”(Line 1, Paro 3)most probably means




[A] loss of good will



[B]increase of hostility



[C]change of attitude



[D] change of auiuled



learn from the last two pamgraphs that business- meihod Pateats



[A] are immune to legal challenges



[B] are of ten unnecessarily issued



[C] lower the esteem for pateat holders



[D] increase the incidence of risks



of the following would bethe subject ofthe text?



[A]A looming threat to bvamess-melhcd patents



[B]Protection for business-method patent holders



[C]A legal case regarding business-methodpatents



[D] A prevailing tread against business-method patents



Text 3



In his book The Tipping Poinl Malcohn aladuell aloues that social epidemics are
dliven in largepart by the acting of a tiny minority of special



individuals,often calledin flu entials who are unusuall informed, persuasive, or
we
connect
The
idea
is
intuit
ively
compelling
but
it
doesn't
explain
howideas
actually
spread
。




The supposed importance of inftuentials derives from a plansible sounding but
largely untested theory untested thelry called the
Information



llows from the mediato the inftuentials and from thento ereryone else. Marke ters
have embraced the two-step flow became it suggests that if they can just find and



influence
the
in
fluent
ials,
those
select
people
will
do
most
of
the
work
for
them
Thetheory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people was



wearing promoting or developing whaterver it is before anyone else paid attention
Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special



people call drivetrends



In their recent work howeyer some researchers have come up with the finding that
in fluentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is genetally supposed In



fact they don’t seem to be required of all




The researchers' argument stems from a simple obserrating about social influence
with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is
primanrilly a function of media not interpersonal influence-enen the most influential
members
of
a
population
simply
don't
interact
with
that
many
others
Yet
it
is
precisely
these
non- celebring
influentials
who
according
to
the
two-step-flow
theoryare
supposed
to drive social enidemics by influcenciny their friends and colleagues directly .For
a social epidemic to occur however each person so sffected must then influcence his or
her
own
acquaintances,who
must
in
turn
influence
theirs
and
so
on
and
just
how
many
others
pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial
people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove
resistant for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the
casecade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people
。




Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence the researchers studied
the
dynamics
of
populations
manipulating
a
number
of
variables
relating
of
populations
manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s abilify to influence other
s
and their tendence to be



31. By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to



[A] analyze the consequences of social epid emics



[B] discuss influentials’ funcition in spreading ideas




[C] exemplify people’s intuitive response to soci
al epidemics



[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials



32. The author suggests that the “two
-step-
flow theory”




[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems



[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends



[C] has won support from influentials



[D] requires solid evidence for its validity



33. what the researchers have observed recenty shows that



[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions



[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media



[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public



{D}most celebritiea enjoy wide media attention



underlined phrase “these people”in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who