2021年1月23日发(作者：完场)
Unit 1

An impressive English lesson

1

If
I
am
the
only
parent
who
still
corrects
his
child's
English,
then
perhaps
my
son
is
right.

To
him,
I
am
a

tedious

oddity:
a
father
he
is
obliged

to
listen
to
and
a
man

absorbed

in
the
rules
of
grammar,
which
my
son
seems

allergic

to.

2

I
think
I
got
serious
about
this
only
recently
when
I
ran
into
one
of
my
former
students,
fresh
from
an

excursion

to Europe.



earnest

anticipation.

3

She
nodded
three
or
four
times,
searched
the
heavens
for
the
right
words,
and
then

exclaimed,

was,
like,

whoa!

4

And
that
was
it.

The

civilization

of
Greece
and
the
glory
of
Roman

architecture

were

captured

in
a

condensed

non
-
statement.

My student's

exceeded

only by my head
-
shaking

distress.

5

There are many different stories about the downturn in the proper use of English.

Surely students should be able
to

distinguish
between

their
/
there
/
they're

or
the

distinctive

difference
between

complimentary

and

complementary
.

They
unfairly
bear
the

bulk

of
the
criticism

for
these
knowledge

deficits

because there is a sense that they should know better.

6

Students
are
not

dumb,
but
they
are
being
misled
everywhere
they
look
and
listen.

For
example,
signs
in

grocery

stores
point
them
to
the

stationary
,
even
though
the
actual

stationery

items
—

pads,

albums

and
notebooks
—
are
not
nailed
down.

Friends
and
loved
ones
often

proclaim

they've
just

ate

when,
in
fact,
they've
just

eaten
.

Therefore, it doesn't make any sense to criticize our students.

7

Blame
for
the

scandal

of
this
language deficit
should be

thrust

upon our
schools, which
should
be
setting
high
standards
of
English
language

proficiency.

Instead,
they
only
teach
a
little
grammar
and
even
less
advanced
vocabulary.

Moreover, the younger teachers themselves

evidently

have little knowledge of these vital structures of
language
because
they
also
went
without

exposure

to
them.
Schools
fail
to

adequately

teach
the
essential
framework
of
language,
accurate
grammar
and
proper
vocabulary,
while
they
should
take
the
responsibility
of
pushing the young onto the path of

competent

communication.

8

Since
grammar
is
boring
to
most
of
the
young
students,
I
think
that
it
must
be
handled
delicately,
step
by
step.

The
chance
came
when
one
day
I
was
driving
with
my
son.

As
we
set
out
on
our
trip,
he
noticed
a
bird
in

jerky

flight and said,

I carefully asked,


Did I say anything incorrectly?

He got lost.


incorrectly

instead of

incorrect
. We use adverbs to
describe verbs. Therefore, it's flying so

unsteadily

but not so

unsteady
.

9

Curious
about
my
correction,
he
asked
me
what
an
adverb
was.

Slowly,
I
said,

a
word
that
tells
you
something about a verb.

It led to his asking me what a verb was.

I explained,
Dad drives the truck.

Drive

is the verb because it's the thing Dad is doing.

10 He became attracted to the idea of action words, so we listed a few more:

fly, swim, dive, run
.

Then, out of his
own curiosity, he asked me if other words had names for their use and

functions.

This led to a discussion of nouns,
adjectives,
and
articles.

Within
the
span

of
a
10
-
minute
drive,
he
had
learned
from

scratch

to
the
major
parts
of
speech in a sentence.

It was painless learning and great fun!

11

Perhaps, language should be looked upon as a road map and a valuable possession: often study the road map
(check grammar) and

tune

up the car engine (adjust

vocabulary).

Learning grammar and a good vocabulary is just
like driving with a road map in a well
-
conditioned car.

12

The road map provides the framework and guidance you need for your trip, but it won't tell you exactly what
trees
or
flowers
you
will
see,
what
kind
of
people
you
will
encounter,
or
what
types
of
feelings
you
will
be
experiencing on your journey.

Here, the vocabulary makes the journey's true colors come alive!

A good vocabulary
enables you to enjoy whatever
you see as you drive along.

Equipped with grammar and a good vocabulary,
you
have
flexibility
and
excellent
control.

While
the
road
map
guides
your
journey
to
your
destination,
an
excellent
vehicle helps you to fully enjoy all of the sights, sounds and experiences along the way.

13

Effective,

precise,
and

beneficial

communication
depends
upon
grammar
and
a
good
vocabulary,
the
two
essential

assets

for students, but they are not being taught in schools.

14

Just this morning, my son and I were eating breakfast when I attempted to add milk to my tea.




sour.

15


my!

I
said,
swelling
with
pride
toward
my
son,

a
grammatically
perfect
sentence.
You
used

were

instead of

was
.

16



subjunctive

mood.

17

I was, like, whoa!


Translation
一堂难忘的英语课

1
如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，
那么我儿子也许是对的。

对他 而言，
我是一个乏味的怪物：
一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此 我儿子似乎颇为反感。

2
我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这 个问题认真起来的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回
来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她：
“
欧洲之行 如何？
”

3
她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼 ：
“
真是，哇！
”

4
没了。

所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！

我的学 生以
“
哇！
”
来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。

5
关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。

学生的确 本应该能够区分诸如
their/there/they're
之间的不同，
或区别< br>complimentary
跟
complementary
之间显而易见的差异。

由于这些知 识缺陷，
他们承受
着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。

6
学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。

举例来说， 杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向
stationary
（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本 等真正的
stationery
（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。
朋友和亲人常宣称< br>
They've just ate
。实际上，他们应该说

They've just eaten
。

因此，批评学生不合乎情理。

7
对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应 归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标
准。

可相反，学校只教零 星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重
要的语言结构方面的知识 ，因为他们过去也没接触过。

学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他
们并 没把语言的基本框架
——
准确的语法和恰当的词汇
——
充分地传授给学生。< br>
8
因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注 重技巧地进行。

有一
天机会来了。
我跟儿子开车外出。

我们出发时，
他看到一只小鸟飞得很不稳，
就说：
“
它飞的不稳。
”
（
It's flying
so
unsteady.
）

我小心翼翼地问：
“
儿子，鸟怎么飞
?”

“
有问题吗？我说得不对吗？（
Did
I
say
anything
incorrectly?
）
”

他一头雾水。

“
太好了，

你说的是
incor rectly
而不是
incorrect
。我们用副词来描述动词。所
以，要 用
unsteadily
来描述鸟飞

，而不是
unsteady
。
”

9
他对我的纠正很好奇，就问我什么是副词。

我慢慢解释道：
“
副词是用来修饰动词的词。
”

这又导致了他
询问我什么是动词。

我解释说：
“
动词是表 示行为的词，例如：爸爸开卡车。
‘
开
’
是动词，因为它是爸爸在
做 的事。
”

10
他开始对表示行为的词产生兴趣，所以我们又罗列了几个动 词：
“
飞行
”
、
“
游泳
”
、
“< br>跳水
”
、
“
跑步
”
。

然
后，他又好奇地问我，其他的词有没有说明它们的用法和功能的名称。

这就引发了我们对名词、形容词和
冠词的讨论。

在短短十分钟的驾驶时间内，他从对语法一无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性。

这是一
次毫无痛苦而又非常有趣的学习经历。

11
也许，语言应 该被看成是一张路线图和一件珍品：我们要常常查看路线图（核对语法）和调整汽车的引
擎（调节词汇）
。

学好语法和掌握大量的词汇就好比拿着路线图在车况良好的车里驾驶。

12
路线图为你的旅行提供所需的基本路线和路途指南，可是它不会告诉你一路上你究竟会看 见什么树或什
么花，
你会遇见什么样的人，
或会有什么样的感受。

这里，
词汇会使你的旅途变得五彩缤纷、
栩栩如生。

大
量的词汇让你享受到开车途中所见的点点滴滴。

借助语法和丰富的词汇，你就有了灵活性，掌控自如。

路
线图会把你带到目 的地，而一台好车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途的所有景色、声音及经历之中。

13
对 学生来说，有效、准确且富有成效的沟通技能取决于语法和词汇这两大有利条件，可是学校并没有教
他们 这些。

14
就在今天早上，我跟儿子吃早饭时，我想把牛奶加入我的茶里。

“
爸爸，
”
他说，
“
如果我是你的话，我
不会这 样做。牛奶会变酸。
（
If I were you, I wouldn't do that. It's sour.
）
”

15 “
哦，上帝！
”

我满怀着无比的骄傲说道，
“
这是一句语 法完全正确的句子。你用了
were
而不是
was
。
”

16 “
我知道，我知道，
”
他愉悦地舒了口气，
“
这是虚 拟语气！
”

17
这下轮到我
“
哇！
”
了。


Unit 2

The humanities: Out of date?

1

When
the
going
gets
tough,
the
tough
take

accounting.

When
the
job
market
worsens,
many
students

calculate

they
can't
major
in
English
or
history.

They
have
to
study
something
that

boosts

their

prospects

of landing a job.

2

The
data
show
that
as
students
have
increasingly
shouldered
the
ever
-
rising
cost
of
tuition,
they
have

defected

from the study of the humanities and toward

applied

science and

bet

will lead
to employment.

In other words, a college education is more and more seen as a means for economic betterment
rather than a means for human betterment.

This is a trend that is likely to persist

and even

accelerate.

3

Over
the
next
few
years,
as
labor
markets
struggle,
the
humanities
will
probably
continue
their
long
slide
in

succession.

There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of

liberal

arts majors over the past
generation,
and
it
is

logical

to
think
that
the
trend
is

bound

to
continue
or
even
accelerate.

Once
the

dominant

pillars

of
university
life,
the
humanities
now
play
little
roles
when
students
take
their
college
tours.

These days, labs are more

vivid

and

compelling

than libraries.

4

Here, please allow me to stand up for and

promote

the true value that the humanities add to people's lives.

Since
ancient times, people have

speculated

about the

mystery

of those inner forces that drive some people to greatness
and
others
to

self
-
destruction.
This
inner
drive
has
been
called
many
things
over
the
centuries.

The
famous
psychologist,

Sigmund Freud, called it the

5

From the beginning of time, this inner aspect of our being, this drive that can be constructive or

destructive, has
captured
our
imagination.

The
stories
of
this
amazing
struggle
have
formed
the
basis
of
cultures
the
world
over.

Historians,

architects, authors, philosophers

and artists have captured the words, images and meanings of this
inner struggle in the form of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture,

landscape

and traditions.

These
men
and
women
developed
artistic

that
help
us
understand
these
aspirations
and
also
educate
generations.

This

fertile

body
of
work
from
ancient
times,
the
very
foundation
of
civilization,
forms
the
basis
of
study of the humanities.

6

Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write.

No matter what we do in life, we will have a huge
advantage if we can read complex ideas and understand their meaning.

We will have a bright career if we are the
person in the office who can write a clear and

elegant

analysis

of those ideas!

7

Studying
the
humanities
makes
us
familiar
with
the
language
of
emotion
and
the
creative
process.

In
an
information economy, many people have the ability to produce a useful product such as a new MP3 player.

Yet,
very
few
people
have
the
ability
to
create
a
spectacular

brand:
the
iPod.

Most
importantly,
studying
the
humanities

invests

us with great

insight

and self
-
awareness,

there by releasing our creative energy and talent in a
positive and constructive manner.

8

Perhaps the best argument in favor of the humanities is the

scope

of possibilities that are widely open to us.

Did
you
know
that
James
Cameron,
world
-
famous
director
of
the
movie,

Titanic
,
graduated
with
a
degree
in
the
humanities?

So
did

Sally
Ride,
the
first
woman
in
space.

So
did
actors

Bruce
Lee,

Gwyneth
Paltrow,

Renee
Zellweger

and

Matt
Damon.

Dr.

Harold
Varmus,
who
won
a
Nobel
Prize
for
Medicine,
studied
the
humanities.

Even

Michael
Eisner,
Chairman
of
the
Disney
Company,
majored
in
the
humanities.
Famous
people
who studied the humanities make a long list indeed.

It's easy to see that the humanities can prepare us for many
different careers and jobs we can

undertake, whether medicine, business, science or entertainment.

If we study only
mathematics,
it's
likely
we
will
be
a

candidate

only
for
jobs
as
a
mathematician.

If
we
include
studying
the
humanities, we can make

breakthroughs

on many

barriers

and are limited only by our effort and imagination.

9

Of course, nowadays, if we study the humanities alone, we are

liable

to miss many opportunities.

Each one of us
needs to become as technically and professionally skilled as possible to help meet the needs of modern life.

In fact,
increasingly
a
pairing
of
technical
knowledge
and
inner
insight
is
seen
as
the
ideal
in
the

establishment

of
a
career.

If I were the

Dean

of Admissions at a medical school and two people applied to our school, both having the
required
basic
scientific
courses,
one
a philosophy
major
and
the
other

solely

a
pre
-
med
student,
the
philosophy
applicant would be chosen.

10

In
summary,
the
humanities
help
to
create
well
-
rounded
human
beings
with
insight
and
understanding
of
the
passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanity.

The humanities, the ancient timeless

reservoir

of knowledge,
teach us to see things differently and broaden our horizons.

They are as useful and relevant in our modern age as
they
have
always
been.

Doesn't
it
make
sense
to
spend
some
time
in
the
company
of
the
humanities,
our

outstanding

and remarkable treasure of knowledge?

Who knows how famous YOU might become!


Translation
人文学科：过时了吗？

1
当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。

当就业市场恶化时，许多学生估算着他们不 能再主修英语或历
史。他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。

2
数据 显示，随着学生肩负的学费不断增加，他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有益于将来就业的应用
科学和
“
硬
”
技能。

换言之，大学教育越来越被看成是改善经济而不是提升人类自身的手段。

这种趋势可能
会持续，甚至有加快之势。

3
在未来几年内，由于劳动力市场的不景气，
人文学科可能会继续其长期低迷的态势。

在上一代大 学生中，
主修文科的学生数跌幅已近
50%
。这种趋势会持续、甚至加速的想法是合情 合理的。

人文学科曾是大学生
活的重要支柱，而今在学生们的大学游中却只是一个小 点缀。现在，实验室要比图书馆更栩栩如生、受人
青睐。

4
在这儿，请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣传。

自古 以来，人们一直在
思索人类自身具有什么神奇的内力使一些人变得崇高伟大，而使另一些人走向自我毁灭 。

几个世纪以来，
这股内力被称作很多东西。

著名的心理学家西 格蒙德
·
弗洛伊德称之为
“
潜意识
”
，或更为人熟知的“
本能
”
。

5
从一开始，人类这股可以是建设性也可以是毁灭性的内在驱动力，就令我们心驰神往。

这些惊人的、充
满内心挣扎的故事形成了世界文化的基础。

历史学家、建筑 师、作家、哲学家和艺术家们以故事、音乐、
神话、绘画、建筑、雕刻、风景画和传统的形式，捕捉到了 这些撞击心灵的文字、形象及内涵。

这些男男
女女创造出了具有艺术性的
“
语言
”
，帮助我们了解人类的这些强烈愿望，并用以教育一代又一代人。
< br>从古
时起开始的这些充满想象的大量作品，正是文明的底蕴，它奠定了人文研究的基础。

6
学习人文学科会提高我们的阅读和写作能力。

无论我们这一生中从事什 么职业，如果我们能读懂复杂的
思想并理解它们的内涵，我们都会受益匪浅。

如果我 们是在办公室里能对这些思想写出既明确又简洁的分
析的人，我们会有光明的职业前景。

7
学习人文学科会让我们熟悉表达情感的语言及进行创造的过程。

在信息 经济中，很多人都有能力创造出
一个如新的
MP3
播放器那样的有用产品。

然而，仅有很少的人具有能力创造出一个如
iPod
那样的精彩品
牌。

最重要的是，学习人文学科使我们具有伟大的洞察力和自我意识，从而以积极和建设性的方式来发挥
我们的创造力和才艺。

8
也许，支持人文学科的最好论点是，人文学科为我们提供了广阔的机会。

你知道世界 闻名的电影《泰坦
尼克号》
的导演詹姆斯
·
卡梅隆拿的是人文学科的学位吗？ 第一个登上太空的女宇航员萨利
·
赖德拿的也是人
文学科的学位。

还有电影演员李小龙、格温妮丝
·
帕特洛、蕾妮
·
齐薇格及马特
·< br>达蒙，也都如此。

获诺贝尔
医学奖的哈罗德
·
瓦慕斯博士也学过人文学科。

甚至迪士尼公司的总裁迈克尔
·
艾斯纳也主修人文学科。

学
习人文学科的有名人士确实可以列出一长串。

显而易见，人文学能为我们 从事许多不同的职业做准备，不
管是医学、商务、科学或娱乐。

如果我们仅学习数学，我们很可能只能申请数学家之类的工作。

如果我们
还 学了人文学科，那我们就能突破许多障碍，只要我们愿意付出努力，敢于想象。

9
当然，在当下，如果我们单学人文学科，可能会失去很多机会。

我们每个人都需要尽可能变得技能化、
职业化，以满足现代生活的需要。

事实上，技术知识和内在洞察力的结合越来越被看成是建立职业生涯的
理想搭配。
< br>如果我是某个医学院的招生部主任，有两个人同时申请我们学校，这两个人都学过基础的科学
课程 ，一个主修哲学，另一个仅是医学院的预科生，我会选择那位哲学专业的申请者。

10 总之，
人文学科帮助造就全面发展的人，
这些人具有洞察力，
并理解全人类共有的 激情、
希望和理想。

人
文学科，这个古老、永恒的知识储蓄库，教我们如何 以不同的方式看待事物，同时也拓宽我们的视野。

在
现代社会中，人文学科一如既往地同生活息息相关，也发挥着重要作用。

我们在学习中花一些时间与人文
学科
——
我们杰出、非凡的知识宝藏
——相伴，这难道不是明智的吗？

谁知道你将来会变得多有名气呢！


Unit 5

Spend or save — The student's dilemma

1

Do you feel as confused and

manipulated

as I do with this question,

I think
that
the
messages
we
get
from
our
environment
seem
to

defy

common
sense
and

contradict

each
other.

The
government tells us to spend or we'll never get out of the

recession.

At the same time, they tell us that unless we
save more, our country is in

grave

danger.

Banks offer higher interest rates so we increase savings.

Then the same
banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more.

2

Here's
another
familiar
example:
If
we
don't
pay
our
credit
card
bill
on
time,
we
get
demanding,

nasty

emails
from
the
credit
card
company
saying
something
like:

failure
to
pay
is
unacceptable.
Pay
immediately
or
you'll be in trouble!

Then, as soon as we pay, we get a follow
-
up email in a charming

tone

telling us how valuable
a
customer
we
are
and
encouraging
us
to

resume

spending.
Which

depiction

is
correct:
a
failing
consumer
in
trouble or a valued customer?

The

gap

between these two messages is enormous.

3

The

paradox

is
that
every
day
we
get
two
sets
of
messages
at

odds

with
each
other.

One
is
the


perspective,

The other we could call an



message,
which

urges

us,

hard
and
save.

Suspend

your
desires.
Avoid
luxuries.
Control
your

appetite

for
more
than
you
truly
need.

This
message
comes
to
us
from
many
sources:
from
school,
from
parents,
even
from
political
figures referring to

Hard work, family loyalty, and the capacity to postpone desires are core
American values that have made our country great.

4

But
the
opposite
message,
advertising's
permissive
message,
is
inescapable.

Though
sometimes

disguised,
the
messages are everywhere we look: on TV
, in movies on printed media and road signs, in stores, and on busses,
trains and subways.

Advertisements invade

our daily lives.

We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend,
spend,
spend.

Someone
recently
said,

only
time
you
can
escape
advertising
is
when
you're
in
your
bed
asleep!

5

It's been calculated that by the age of 18, the average American will have seen 600,000 ads; by the age of 40, the
total is almost one million.

Each advertisement is doing its

utmost

to influence our diverse buying decisions, from
the
breakfast

cereal

we
eat
to
which
cruise

line
we
will
use
for
our
vacation.

There
is
no

shortage

of
ideas
and
things
to
buy!

Now,
of
course,
we
don't
remember
exactly
what
the
products
were,
but
the
essential
message
is

cemented

into our consciousness,
the best. So, you should buy it — now!

A famous advertisement said it perfectly,
myself. I do what makes me feel good. I

derive

pleasure from nice things and feel

nourished

by them. I used to put
things off. Not anymore. Today
I'll buy new ski equipment, look at new

compact

cars, and buy
that camera
I've
always wanted. I live my dreams today, not tomorrow.

6

What
happens
as
we
take
in
these
contradictory
but

explicit

messages?

What
are
the
psychological
and
social
consequences of this campaign to control our spending habits?

On one hand, we want more things because we want
to satisfy our material appetite.

Most of us derive pleasure from treating ourselves.

On the other hand, a little voice
inside us

echoes

those upright messages:

of your life, don't let your attention get

scattered.
Postpone your desires. Don't fall into debt. Wait!

Retain

control over your own life. It will make you stronger.

7

Anyway,
many
of
the
skills
you
need
as
a
successful
student
can
be
applied
to
your
finances.

Consider
your
financial

well
-
being

as a key

ingredient

of your university education as money worries are extremely stressful and
distracting.

They can make you feel terrible and

hinder

your ability to focus on your prime objective: successfully
completing your education.

8

How can you be a smart and educated consumer?

Many schools, community organizations, and even some banks
offer financial literacy classes.

Consider

consulting

with your school's financial aid office or seek

input

from your
parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget.

An additional

option

is finding a partner to help you stay on
track and find pleasure in the

administration

of your own financial affairs.

Most importantly, if you find yourself
getting
into
financial
trouble,
don't
let
your

ego

get
in
your
way;

urgently

get
help
with

tackling

your
problem
before it spins out of control and lands you in

legal

troubles.

9 All this will help you become an educated consumer and saver.

As you learn to balance spending and saving, you
will
become
the
captain
of
your
own
ship,
steering
your
life
in
a
successful
and
productive
direction
through
the

choppy

waters.


Translation
花钱还是存钱，学生进退维谷

1
你是 不是跟我一样对
“
我应该花钱还是存钱
”
这个问题感到困惑，且有被操纵的感 觉？

我觉得我们从生活
的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、
互相矛盾的。
< br>政府告诉我们要花钱，
否则我们将永远走不出衰退；
与此同时，他们又告诉我们，除非我 们节省更多的钱，否则我们的国家会处于严重危险之中。

银行提供较
高的利率以增加储蓄。

然后，同样是这些银行又提供信用卡让我们可以花更多的钱。

2
这里还有 一个大家熟悉的例子：如果我们不按时支付信用卡账单，我们会收到从信用卡公司发来的类似
这样的令人 讨厌的催缴账单的电子邮件：不还款是不可接受的。请立即缴付，否则后果自负！

之后，一旦
还款，我们就会收到一封跟进的电子邮件，语气和蔼可亲，说我们是多么宝贵的客户，并鼓励我们继续花
钱。

到底哪一个描述是正确的？有麻烦的失败消费者还是宝贵的客户？

这两者之间可是天壤之别！