2021年1月23日发(作者：我爱睡觉)
2016
年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷

(
总分：
98.00
，做题时间：
90
分钟
)
一、
Vocabulary(
总题数：
30
，分数：
60.00)
liquid is highly______; it should be kept in a tightly stopped bottle.
（分数：
2.00
）


le
√


e

uous

ous
解析：解析：本题考查形容词词义辨析。根据主语
liquid< br>和空后的
kept in a tightly stopped bottle
推断， 应该是易挥发的液体放在密闭的瓶子里，故答案为
volatile
，意为“(液体
)
易挥发的”。
voluble
意为“(讲话
)
滔滔不绝的，流利的” 。
voluptuous
意为“(女子
)
妖娆的，丰满的，性感的”。
voracious
意为“贪吃的，食量大的；
(
对信息、知识
)
渴求的，求知欲极强的”。

______workroom has not been used in years.
（分数：
2.00
）




ng

ct
√


en
解析：解析：本题考查形容词词义辨析。
bereft
意为“感到失落的；完全没有的”。bustling
意为“(地
方
)
繁忙的，
热闹的”。
derelict
意为“(建筑物或土地
)
破旧的，
弃置的”，
符合
has
not
been
used
in
years
的语义，故为答案。
stricken
意为“受煎熬的；患病的；遭受挫折的；遭受… …的”。

refused to see anyone and remained a______all his life.
（分数：
2.00
）


c

ve


√


n
解析：解析：本题考查名词词义辨析。
heretic
意为“异教徒，异 端分子”。
fugitive
意为“逃犯，逃亡
者”。
hermit
意为“隐士，隐修者，遁世者”。
veteran
意为“老兵；经验丰富的人，老手”。根据空 前
的
refused to see anyone
和四个选项的含义可知，答案为
[C]
项。

spacious room is______furnished with just a few articles in it.
（分数：
2.00
）


y

ly
√





解析：解析：本题考查副词词义辨析。根据空后的
just a few articles< br>可排除有否定意义的
hardly(
几
乎不，简直不
)
和rarely(
不常，难得
)
。
lightly(
少许，少量< br>)
修饰
furnished
语义不通，排除
[A]
项。因此，答案为
sparsely(
稀少，零星，疏疏落落地
)
。句意为：这 间宽敞的房间里只是零零落落地摆了几件家
具。


the
end
of
the
19th
century
Arthur
Rackham
was
devoting
most
of
his
time
to
book______,
though
he also drew for magazine.
（分数：
2.00
）


ration
√


ation

ation

fication
解析：解析：本题考查名词词义辨析。根据空后的
drew for
magazine
推断，
Arthur Rackham(
亚瑟．拉 克
姆
)
是位画家，空格所填名词应与图画有关，
book illustra tion
意为“图书插图；书籍插图”，故答案为
[A]
项。
designa tion
意为“名称，称号”。
restoration
意为“(旧建筑、家居的)
修复，整修；
(
法律、税
收、整体的
)
重新采用，恢 复”。
identification
意为“身份证明；鉴定，验明，认出”。

6.I could not wish for a more______occasion to announce my plan to enlarge our establishment.
（分数：
2.00
）




s

ious
√


tous
解析：解析：本题 考查形容词词义辨析。根据空后内容可知，既然是宣布计划，那么应该找一个合适的或
有利的时机，故答案为
propitious(
吉利的，
吉祥的，
有利的
)< br>。
benign
意为“善良的，
慈祥的”；
ominous
意 为“不祥的，不吉利的”；
portentous
意为“预示
(
坏事
)
的凶兆的，征兆不祥的”。


effectiveness
of
government
depends
on
the
willingness
of
the
governed
to
give
up
some
degree
of freedom and______the laws in return for the assurance of an orderly existence.
（分数：
2.00
）


by

to
√


m to

by
解析：解析：本题考查动词短语词义辨析。根据
depends on the willingness of the governed(
依靠被
统治者的 意愿
)
判断，
本空所填短语应与
give
up
并列，前一个为放弃部分自由，
后一个应为诉诸法律，
resort
to
意为“诉诸”，符合语义，故答案为
[B]
项。
profit by
意为“得益于”；
conform to
意为“遵守，适
应，顺从”；
abide by
意为“遵守，履行”。

has taken a (n) ______to wearing my shoes around the house.
（分数：
2.00
）


st


√





解析：解析：本题考查固定用法。
take a fancy to doing sth．为固定用法，意为“喜欢上做某事”，故
答案为
fancy
。

since the rise of industrialism, education has been______towards producing workers.
（分数：
2.00
）


sed

d

ted


√

解析：
解析：
本题考查动词词义辨析。
根据题意“自从工业主义的兴起，
教育已经向……生产工人”可知，
本空应填表示“适应”的动词，
且能与
towards
搭配，
只有< br>gear
符合语义及搭配要求，
故为答案。
sth
．
be
geared
to
／
towards
，意为“适应于……”。harness
意为“控制，利用”；
hatch
意为“筹划，图谋，策
划”；
motivate
意为“作为……的动机，激励，激发”。

dulgence______character as well as physical stamina.
（分数：
2.00
）


tates
√


ards

ies

thens
解析：解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。根据主语
overindulge nce(
过分放纵，过分任性
)
判断，空格处应表
示消极意义，故答案为debilitate(
使虚弱，使衰弱
)
。
disregards意为“不理会，漠视”，与语义不符；
fortify(
支持，增强，给……以勇气
)
和
strengthen(
加强，增强，巩固
)
与语义相反，故 均排除。

'll______you for any damage done to your house while we are in it.
（分数：
2.00
）


sate
√




ment

ve
解析：解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。根据空后的
damage done to your house(
对你房子造成的损坏
)
判
断，应该给予补偿，故答案为
compensate(
补偿，弥补，抵消
)
。
compensate sb
．
for sth
．为固定搭配，
意为“因……补偿某人”。
r emedy
意为“补救办法，
纠正办法”。
supplement
意为“增补
(
物
)
，
补充
(
物)”。
retriev e
意为“挽回，补救”。

all their Continental______, Europeans can be remarkably lax about e-mail security.
（分数：
2.00
）


iousness
√


nity

ity

ty
解析：解析：本题考查名词词义辨析。根据空后的“欧洲人 对电子邮件的安全态度马虎”推断，空格处所
填词应表示“严格”，故答案为
fastidio usness(
严格
)
。
fraternity
意为“兄弟关系，友 爱，博爱”；
frugality
意为“节约，节俭，俭朴”；
futility意为“无益，无效”。

the______of his power, Powhatan ruled so many Algonquian tribes that he needed eight
interpreters just to converse with members of his own affiliated tribes.
（分数：
2.00
）




e




√

解析：解析：本题考查名词词义辨析 。根据空后的“波瓦坦统治很多阿尔冈部落”推断，应该是在他权力
的鼎盛时期，故答案为
ze nith(
鼎盛时期，顶峰
)
。
ascent
意为“上升，攀登”；
fatigue
意为“疲劳，劳
累”；
sphere
意为“范围，领 域”。


met
Mary
and
her
husband
at
a
party
two
months
ago.
______we've
had
no
further
communication.
（分数：
2.00
）


f

y

fter
√


bouts
解析：解析：本 题考查副词词义辨析。根据前句“我们在两个月前的一个晚会上遇见的玛丽夫妇”和空后
的“我们就再没 有联系了”判断，前后两句是时间上的顺承关系，故答案为
Thereafter(
之后，以后
)
。
Thereof
意为“在其中；
由此”。
Thereb y
意为“因此，
从而”。
Thereabouts
意为“近乎，
大约 ，
左右”。


though
you
just
got
fired,
remember______
—

at
least
you
don't
have
to
work
for
that
grouchy
boss anymore!
（分数：
2.00
）


it happens only once in a blue moon

side your bread is buttered on

every cloud has a silver lining
√


it is not yet time to throw in the towel
解析：解析：本题考查语义理解。 空前提到“即使你被解雇了”，结合空后的“至少你再也不用为那个坏
脾气的老板工作了”推断，是在劝 慰对方，故
every cloud has a silver lining(
困境中总会 发现转机
)
符合语义，所以答案为
[C]
项。
it
happens
only
once
in
a
blue
moon(
这件事情千载难逢
)
，
which
side
your
bread is buttered on(
什么是对自己有利的，自己的利益所在
)
和
it is not yet time to throw in the
towel(
还不是承认失败的时候
)
均不符合语义。

old man is more than 80 years old, but he is as fit as a______.
（分数：
2.00
）









√

解析：解析：本题考查固定用法。
fit as a fiddle
是美国的习惯用语 ，指身体很好，就像一只调好音的
小提琴，准备演奏美丽动听的音乐一样。常用于
as fit as a fiddle
，意为“神采奕奕；非常健康；感觉
良好”。因此，答案为
[ D]
项。句意为：那位老者年过八旬，但身体十分硬朗。

speaker had to______in the middle of his speech because of shouts of protest from the
audience.
（分数：
2.00
）


down

out

off
√


up
解析：解析：本题考查动词短语词义辨析。根据空后的
in
the
middle
of
his
speech
和
shouts
of
protest
判断，应该是中断了演讲，故答案为
break off(
中断，突然停止
)
。
break down
意为“(汽车等
)
出故障，
损坏；
(
健康等
)
垮掉，崩溃”。break
out
意为“爆发，突然出现；逃脱，逃走”。
break
up
意为“终止，
结束”。句意为：由于听众的高声抗议，讲演者不得不中途停止演讲。
times of difficulty, he had to______his family by selling newspapers.
（分数：
2.00
）


for

e for
√


on

on
解析：解析：本题考查动词短语词义辨析。根据空前的
in times of
difficulty(
在困难时期
)
和空后的
by
selling
newspapers(
通过卖报纸
)
可知，他卖 报纸是为了养活家人，故答案为
provide
for(
瞻仰，供养
)
。
care for
意为“照顾，照料”；
attend on
意为“侍候，照顾，陪伴”；
wait on
意为“招待
(
顾客)”。

until the 1850's______in New York seek to rescue historic building from destruction or
alteration.
（分数：
2.00
）


concerned citizens

some concerned citizens
√


citizens concerned

some concerned citizens did
解析：解析：本题考查倒装。当
not until
位于句首时，句子要倒装。其结构为：
Not until+
从句／表时< br>间的词
+
助动词
+(
主句
)
主语
+
谓语
+
其他。
分析句子结构可知，
谓语动词是
seek
to
，
时间状语是
the
1850's
，
所以句 子时态为一般过去时，倒装时应使用助动词
did
。因此，答案为
[B]
项。

reputation in his profession was______he grew rich, and retired to an estate.
（分数：
2.00
）


as that

as that

that

that
√

解析：解析：本题考查结果状语从句。没有
so
as
that
的用法，故排除
[A]
项。
such
as
that
相当于介词，
意为“诸如，像，例如，譬如”。
so that
和
such that
都可以引导结果状语从句，但用法不同。
so that
中的
so
修饰形容词或副词，但空前没有形容词或副词，故排除
so that
。
such that
中的
such
修饰名词，
在 本句中修饰
reputation
，故答案为
[D]
项。

square is 500 yards wide, five times______the size of St. Peter's in Rome.
（分数：
2.00
）


A./
√


of

is


解析：
解析：
本题考查倍数表达法。
英语中表达倍数的 方法有以下几种：

a
．
主语
+
谓语
+
倍 数
(
或分数
)+as+
形容词
+as
。

例如：
I have ten times as many as you
．
(
我有你十倍那么多。
) b
．主语
+
谓 语
+
倍数
(
分
数
)+the size(amount
，length…)of…。

例如：
China is building a city three times the size of New
York
．
(
中国正在建设一个面积有纽约三倍大的城市。
) c< br>．主语
+
谓语
+
倍数
(
分数
)+
形 容词
(
副词
)
比较级
+than…。

例如：
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year
．
(
今年
比去年粮食产量增加
8
％。
)
d
．还可以用
by+
倍数，表示增加多少倍。

例如：
The
production
of
grain
has
been
increased
by
four
times
this
year
．
(
今年粮食产量增加了
4
倍。
)
例如：
The
production
of
grain
has been increased by four times this year
．
(
今年粮食产量增加了
4
倍。
)
本题正是第二种用法，故
答案为
[A]
项。

less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ______to the
body.
（分数：
2.00
）


stress it is greater

r is the stress

r stress is

greater the stress
√

解析：解 析：本题考查固定句型。“the+比较级+…，
the+
比较级+…”意为“越……，越…… ”，故答案
为
[D]
项。句意为：地表和赛跑运动员身体的接触面越小，身体承受的压 力就越大。

board deemed it urgent that these files______right away.
（分数：
2.00
）


to be printed

have been printed

be printed

be printed
√

解析：解析：本题考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构可知，
urgent在句中作形式宾语
it
的补足语，其后的宾
语从句应使用虚拟语气，即“shou ld+动词原形”，故答案为
[D]
项。句意为：董事会认为这些文件应立刻
打印。< br>
24.______, in the late 1800's, some libraries had to keep as many as twenty to thirty copies of
each of Mary Jane Holmes's books on hand.
（分数：
2.00
）


ories showing

show inventories

ories show that
√


g the inventories
解析：解析：本题考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知，
in the late 1800's
为插入语，句中第二个逗号后
的内容为从句，前面缺少主句及从句引导词，所以应选择完整的主 谓结构，只有
[C]
符合要求，故为答案。


professor
can
hardly
find
sufficient
grounds______his
argument
in
favor
of
the
new
theory.
（分数：
2.00
）


to base on

which to base
√


base on which

to be based on
解析：解析：本题考查定语 从句的特殊用法。分析句子结构可知，空格前的句子成分完整，再结合四个选
项的形式判断，
空 格处应为定语从句，
修饰先行词
grounds
。
动词不定式
to
base
的逻辑主语为
the
professor
，
ba se
是及物动词，常用于
base…on(the)grounds
结构，意为“以… …为依据建立……”。定语从句中，
“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以省略成“介词
+
关系代词
which
／
whom+
不定式”，故答案为
[B ]
项。全
句相当于：
The
professor
can
hardly
find
sufficient
grounds
on
which
he
bases
his
argument
in
favor
of the new theory
．

Wu died shortly after the conquest, ______.
（分数：
2.00
）


g a huge territory to be consolidated
√


B.a huge territory was left to be consolidated

a huge territory to consolidate

consolidated a huge territory to be left
解析：解析：本题考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， 逗号前的句子成分完整，且逗号后没有连词，说
明题干句不是两个独立的句子。
两个独立的句子 需要连词连接，
故排除
[B]
项。
两个并列的动作需要连词连
接，故 排除
[C]
项。
that
不能引导非限制性定语从句，故排除
[D]
。因此答案为
[A]
，属于现在分词短语作
伴随状语的用法。

matter, ______, is made up of atoms.
（分数：
2.00
）


r it be gas, liquid or solid
√


matter gas, liquid or solid

it gas, liquid or solid

is gas, liquid or solid
解析：
解析：本题考查虚拟语气。
whether
引导的让步状语从句中，
从句谓语用“sho uld+动词原形”，
should
可以省略，且
whether…or…为固定结构 ，故答案为
[A]
项。

______the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
（分数：
2.00
）


receive

to receive

have received

to have received
√

解析：
解析：
本题考查情 态动词的虚拟语气。
分析句子可知，时间状语为
yesterday
，
根据逗 号后的
but
it
didn't arrive(
但信件没有送到
)
可知，是对过去情况的虚拟或推测，故谓语动词应用“情态动词
+have
do ne”，
故排除
[A]
项和
[B]
项。
must
have
done
意为“一定做了某事”，
是对过去发生的事情的肯定推测 ，
与语义不符，故排除。
ought to have done
意为“本应该做某事 而实际上却未做”。所以，只有
[D]
项符
合语义，故为答案。

with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic
recovery ______just around the corner was untrue.
（分数：
2.00
）


be

be




√

解析：
解析：
本题考查非谓语动词。
分析句子可知，
that
引导的是宾语从句，
从句已 有谓语动词
was
untrue
，
故排除
would
be
和
was
。
unemployment
figures
是目前已存在的数据，
从其中可知
economic
recovery“正
在发生或即将要发生”是不可能的，
being
可以表达这一 含义，故为最佳答案。句意为：任何人只要稍加
留意失业数字就可知道关于经济复苏即将来临的断言是不 真实的。

r efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage______.
（分数：
2.00
）


to be avoided
√


be avoided

be avoided

been avoided
解析：解析：本题考查
be to do
的用法。分析句子可知，
if
引导的从句想要表达“打算避免粮食短缺”
之意，而
be to do
有“按计划、 意图打算”之意，故正确答案为
[A]
项。句意为：如果要避免粮食短缺，
我们就要做 出巨大的努力来增加粮食的产量。

二、
Reading Comprehension(
总题数：
4
，分数：
36.00)
Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea
seems
preposterous. But for
more than a decade,
a
growing
band
of scientists and journalists has
pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of
leukemia
and
other
malignancies.
The
implications
are
unsettling,
to
say
the
least,
since
everyone
comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power
lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject
is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the
health effects of electricity is legitimate
—
or the worst kind of paranoia. Now the alarmists
have
gained
some
qualified
support
from
the
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
In
the
executive
summary
of
a
new
scientific
review,
released
in
draft
form
late
last
week,
the
EPA
has
put
forward
what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes
that
scientific
evidence

a
casual
link
between
extremely
low-frequency
electromagnetic
fields
—
those having very long wave lengths
—
and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. While
the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the
common 60-hertz magnetic field as
The report is no reason to panic
—
or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a
small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate
within the government, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the
White House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more
research
is
needed.
At
the
heart
of
the
debate
is
a
simple
and
well- understood
physical
phenomenon:
When
an
electric
current
passes
through
a
wire,
it
generates
an
electromagnetic
field
that
exerts
forces on surrounding objects. For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such
forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic
field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one- hundredth the
strength of the earth's own magnetic field. The electric fields surrounding a power line can be
as high as 10 kilo volts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be
only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells
themselves generate. How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used
to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of
radiation,
like
X-rays,
that
pack
sufficient
wallop
to
knock
electrons
out
of
the
molecules
that
make up the human body. Such
risks and there are regulations to control emissions. But epidemiological studies, which find
statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is
a
body
of
laboratory
work
showing
that
exposure
to
ELF
fields
can
have
biological
effects
on
animal
tissues,
a
mechanism
by
which
those
effects
could
lead
to
cancerous
growths
has
never
been
found.
The
Pentagon
is
far
from
persuaded.
In
a
blistering
33-page
critique
of
the
EPA
report,
Air
Force
scientists charge its authors with having