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1970-01-01 08:00
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2021年1月23日发(作者:骤变)
上海外国语大学
2017

MTI
英语翻译硕士考研真题(回忆版)


一、翻译硕士英语(
211




1.
选择题(
20*1')


考单词为主,后面有几道语法。单词以专八词汇为主,少量的
gre
词汇。



2.
阅读(
20*1'




四篇阅读,个人觉得很简单,文章很短,只有一面的长度吧,用专八阅读练
习足够了。



3.
改错(
10*1'




比专八改错简单、前几年考的是修辞和英美文化常识、或古希腊神话典故。



4.
作文(
50
分,
500
字)



谈谈你对
happiness
的定义。


















二、英语翻译基础(
357


1.
英译汉(
75
分)

该部分选取的是卢梭的《爱弥儿》(
Emile,
or
On
E ducation
)部分文章,主要
选自《爱弥儿》第三卷第一节。全文
1000多字,共
11
段,但题目只要求翻译划
线部分,总计翻译
872
字,共
6
段。完整原文如下:


The
whole
course
of
man's
life
up
to
adolescence
is
a
period
of
weakness;
yet
there
comes
a
time
during
these
early
years
when
the
child's
strength
overtakes
the
demands
upon
it,
when
the
growing
creature,
though
absolutely
weak,
is
relatively
strong.
His
needs
are
not
fully
developed
and
his
present
strength
is
more
than
enough
for
them.
He
would
be
a
very
feeble man, but he is a strong child.

What
is
the
cause
of
man's
weakness?
It
is
to
be
found
in
the
disproportion
between
his
strength
and
his
desires.
It
is
our
passions
that
make
us
weak,
for our natural strength is not enough for their satisfaction. To limit
our
desires
comes
to
the
same
thing,
therefore,
as
to
increase
our
strength.
When we can do more than we want, we have strength enough and to spare,
we
are
really
strong.
This
is
the
third
stage
of
childhood,
the
stage
with
which
I
am
about
to
deal.
I
still
speak
of
childhood
for
want
of
a
better
word; for our scholar is approaching adolescence, though he has not yet
reached the age of puberty.

About
twelve
or
thirteen
the
child's
strength
increases
far
more
rapidly
than
his
needs.
The
strongest
and
fiercest
of
the
passions
is
still
unknown,
his physical development is still imperfect and seems to await the call
of
the
will.
He
is
scarcely
aware
of
extremes
of
heat
and
cold
and
braves
them
with
impunity.
He
needs
no
coat,
his
blood
is
warm;
no
spices,
hunger
is
his
sauce,
no
food
comes
amiss
at
this
age;
if
he
is
sleepy
he
stretches
himself
on
the
ground
and
goes
to
sleep;
he
finds
all
he
needs
within
his
reach; he is not
tormented by
any
imaginary wants; he
cares nothing what
others
think;
his
desires
are
not
beyond
his
grasp;
not
only
is
he
self-sufficing, but for the first and last time in his life he has more
strength than he needs.

I know beforehand what you will say. You will not assert that the child
has more needs than I attribute to him, but you will deny his strength.
You forget that I am speaking of my own pupil, not of those puppets who
walk
with
difficulty
from
one
room
to
another,
who
toil
indoors
and
carry
bundles
of
paper.
Manly
strength,
you
say,
appears
only
with
manhood;
the
vital spirits, distilled in their proper vessels and spreading through
the whole body, can alone make the muscles firm, sensitive, tense, and
springy,
can
alone
cause
real
strength.
This
is
the
philosophy
of
the
study;
I appeal to that of experience. In the country districts, I see big lads
hoeing, digging, guiding the plough, filling the wine-cask, driving the
cart,
like
their
fathers;
you
would
take
them
for
grown
men
if
their
voices
did
not
betray
them. Even
in
our
towns,
iron- workers',
tool
makers',
and
blacksmiths' lads are almost as strong as their masters and would be
scarcely less skilful had their training begun earlier. If there is a
difference, and I do not deny that there is, it is, I repeat, much less
than the difference between the stormy passions of the man and the few
wants of the child. Moreover, it is not merely a question of bodily
strength, but more especially of strength of mind, which reinforces and
directs the bodily strength.

This
interval
in
which
the
strength
of
the
individual
is
in
excess
of
his
wants is, as I have said, relatively though not absolutely the time of
greatest
strength.
It
is
the
most
precious
time
in
his
life;
it
comes
but
once; it is very short, all too short, as you will see when you consider
the importance of using it aright.

He
has,
therefore,
a
surplus
of
strength
and
capacity
which
he
will
never
have
again.
What
use
shall
he
make
of
it?
He
will
strive
to
use
it
in
tasks
which will help at need. He will, so to speak, cast his present surplus
into
the
storehouse
of
the
future;
the
vigorous
child
will
make
provision
for
the
feeble
man;
but
he
will
not
store
his
goods
where
thieves
may
break
in, nor in barns which are not his own. To store them aright, they must
be in the hands and the head, they must be stored within himself. This
is the time for work, instruction, and inquiry. And note that this is no
arbitrary choice of mine, it is the way of nature herself.

Human intelligence is finite, and not only can no man know everything,
he cannot even acquire all the scanty knowledge of others. Since the
contrary of every false
proposition is a
truth, there are
as many truths
as falsehoods. We must, therefore, choose what to teach as well as when
to teach it. Some of the information within our reach is false, some is
useless,
some
merely
serves
to
puff
up
its
possessor.
The
small
store
which
really
contributes
to
our
welfare
alone
deserves
the
study
of
a
wise
man,
and
therefore
of
a
child
whom
one
would
have
wise.
He
must
know
not
merely
what is, but what is useful.

From this small stock we must also deduct those truths which require a
full
grown
mind
for
their
understanding,
those
which
suppose
a
knowledge
of man's relations to his fellow-men--a knowledge which no child can
acquire;
these
things,
although
in
themselves
true,
lead
an
inexperienced
mind into mistakes with regard to other matters.

We are now confined to a circle, small indeed compared with the whole of
human thought, but this circle is still a vast sphere when measured by
the
child's
mind.
Dark
places
of
the
human
understanding,
what rash
hand
shall dare to raise your veil? What pitfalls does our so-called science
prepare
for
the
miserable
child.
Would
you
guide
him
along
this
dangerous
path
and
draw
the
veil
from
the
face
of
nature?
Stay
your
hand.
First
make
sure that neither he nor you will become dizzy. Beware of the specious
charms
of
error
and
the
intoxicating
fumes
of
pride.
Keep
this
truth
ever
before you--Ignorance never did any one any harm, error alone is fatal,
and
we
do
not
lose
our
way
through
ignorance
but
through
self-confidence.

His progress in geometry may serve as a test and a true measure of the
growth
of
his
intelligence,
but
as
soon
as
he
can
distinguish
between
what
is useful and what
is useless,
much
skill and discretion are
required to
lead
him
towards
theoretical
studies.
For
example,
would
you
have
him
find
a mean proportional between two lines, contrive that he should require
to find a square equal to a given rectangle; if two mean proportionals
are required, you must
first contrive to
interest him in the doubling of
the cube. See how we are gradually approaching the moral ideas which
distinguish between good and evil. Hitherto we have known no law but
necessity, now we are considering what is useful; we shall soon come to
what is fitting and right.

Man's
diverse
powers
are
stirred
by
the
same
instinct.
The
bodily
activity,
which
seeks
an
outlet
for
its
energies,
is
succeeded
by
the
mental
activity
which
seeks
for
knowledge.
Children
are
first
restless,
then
curious;
and
this
curiosity,
rightly
directed,
is
the
means
of
development
for
the
age
with
which
we
are
dealing.
Always
distinguish
between
natural
and
acquired
tendencies. There is a zeal for learning which has no other foundation
than a wish to appear learned, and there is another which springs from
man's natural curiosity about all things far or near which may affect
himself. The innate desire for comfort and the impossibility of its
complete
satisfaction
impel
him
to
the
endless
search
for
fresh
means
of
contributing
to
its
satisfaction.
This
is
the
first
principle
of
curiosity;
a
principle
natural
to
the
human
heart,
though
its
growth
is
proportional
to
the
development
of
our
feeling
and
knowledge.
If
a
man
of
science
were
left on a desert island with his books and instruments and knowing that
he
must
spend
the
rest
of
his
life
there,
he
would
scarcely
trouble
himself
about the solar system, the laws of attraction, or the differential
calculus. He might never even open a book again; but he would never rest
till he had explored the
furthest
corner
of his
island, however large
it

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