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作者:高考题库网
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1970-01-01 08:00
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2021年1月23日发(作者:family是什么意思)
基础知识点睛

定义:
反意疑问句又名附加疑问句。
属疑问句的一种 ,
表示说话者对某事有一定看法,但又不完全确定,需
要对方加以证实。
其基本结构为 陈述句
+
一般疑问句的
简略形式。

结构:如陈述部分为肯定式,疑 问部分用否定式。反
之,如陈述部分否定式,疑问部分用肯定式。疑问部
分重复陈述句的主语( 必须用代词)和
be ,
have
,助
动词或情态动词。如陈述句中没有

be,
have
,助动词
或情态动词,则须另加
do
。如:

She has gone to town, hasn't she?
她进城了,对吗?

You like it, don't you?
你喜欢它,不是吗?

注意事项:

1.
在朗读时,反意 疑问句的前一部分用降调,后一部
分,在表示疑问时用升调,在表示肯定或强调时用降
调。如:

He's an engineer, isn't he?↑

他是工程师,是不是?

It's a fine day today, isn't it?↓

今天天气很好,
对吧?

2.
附加问句的主语应与陈述句的主语保持一致,
且只
能用人称代词替代。如:

You come from Beijing, don't you?
你来自北京,
是不是
?
The students in Grade One won't go to the park, will they?
一年级的学生不去公园了,是吗
?
当陈述句的主语为
nobody

none

no one

anybody

anyone

everybody< br>、
everyone
等表人的不定代词或
these

tho se
指示代词时,其附加问句通常用
they

主语,而
nothi ng

anything

everything
等表物的不定代词或
this

that
指示代词作主语时,
其附加问句通常

it
作主语。如:

Anyone can answer the question, can't they?
任何人都能
回答这个问题,不是吗
?
Everything is ready, isn't it?
一切准备好了,是不是
?
That is a yellow kite, isn't it?
那是只黄色的风筝,
不是吗
?









I +think/suppose/consider/believe/imagine
等接的宾语从< br>句时,附加问句的主语应依从句的主语而定。如:

I don't think the film is interesting, is it?
我认为这部电影
没趣,是吗
?
如果主句主语非第一人称,附加问句的主语常依主句
的主语而定。如:

Jim said no one was fond of the job, didn't he?
吉姆说没
人喜欢这项工作,是不是
?
You thought we were from the States, didn't you?
你原以
为我们来自美国,是吗
?
如果陈述句为
there be
句型,
附加问句的主语为
there

如:

There will not be any trouble, will there?
There's something wrong, isn't there?
出事了,不是吗
?
当陈述部分的主语为不定式、动名词或句子,附加问
句的主语一律为
it
。如:

Reading is useful, isn't it?
阅读非常有用,不是吗
?
3.
附加问句的动词要与陈述句的动词时态保持一致,
并要用相应的助动词替代。如:

He can swim, can't he?
他会游泳,不是吗
?
The stores close at nine o'clock, don't they?
商店九点关
门,不是吗
?
但也有一些附加问句与陈述句谓语时态不一致的情
况。如:

I'm late, aren't I?
我晚了,不是吗
?
He must be lost, isn't he?
他可能迷路了,不是吗
?
They
must
have
completed
the
project
last
night,
didn't
they?
他们可能昨晚完成了这项工程,是不是
?
They must have left, haven't they?
他们可能走了,是不

?
must
表推测时,附加问句的动词应依
must
后的动
词而 定。在对过去事实进行推测时,附加问句的时态
应根据主句是否带有时间状语而定。

4.
对反意疑问句的回答,肯定或否定要前后保持一
致,即前面用
“yes ”
,后面必须是肯定;前面用
“no”

后面必须是否定。

5.
在回答

前否定(陈述句)
+
后肯定(简略问句)< br>”
的反意疑问句时,答语中
“yes”

“no”
的翻译恰好 与汉
语相反,如:

He isn't a pianist, is he?
他不是钢琴家,是吗?

Yes, he is.
(No, he isn't.)
不,他是钢琴家。
(对,他
不是钢琴家。


【重点难点突破】

1.
与祈使句有关的反意疑问句


1

以肯定祈使句开头的反意疑问句,
其疑问部分通
常为
“ will you”

也可以是
“won't you”

例如:
Please turn
down the radio, will / won't you?
(
思路:
Please
turn
down
the
radio.
→Will
you
please
turn down the radio?)
Wait for a moment, will / won't you?

2

以否定祈使句开头的反意疑问句,
其疑问部分为
“will you”
。例如:

Please don't draw on the wall, will you?

3
)以
Let's
开头,表示 建议的祈使句,由于句中的
实际主语包括听、说双方,所以其疑问部分为
“shall
/
shan't we”
。例如:
Let's have a rest, shall / shan't we?
如果是由
Let's
not
开头的祈使句,其疑问部分用
all
right

O. K.
。例如:

Let's not go shopping, all right (=O. K.)?

4


Let us / me
开头,
征询意见 的祈使句,
由于句
中的实际主语仅指对方,所以其疑问部分为
“will
you”
。例如:
Let us go there, will you?
Let me have another try, will you


2.
与复合句有关的反意疑问句


1

如果陈 述部分是主从复合句,
其反问部分的主语
和助动词应与主句的主语和助动词保持一致。例如:< br>If he hasn't finished his work, he can't go out to play, can
he?

2
)以第一人称
I
/
We
+
think
/
believe
/
imagine
/
suppose / guess / expect / etc.
开头的主从复合句,其疑
问部分的主谓语应与从句的主谓语保持一致。例如:

I think he has arrived at the airport, hasn't he?
但如果主句是否定句,
则应将否定还原到从句中处理,
(即将该主从复合句还 原成单句后处理)

例如:
I don't
believe she knows it, does she?
(
思路:
I
don't
b
elieve
she
knows
it.

I
believe
she
doesn't know it. → She doesn't know it.)

如果主句的主语是第二、第三人称,其反问部 分的主
语应与主句的主语保持一致。例如:

He believes they will come, doesn't he?

3
)当陈述部分的主语是从句、 不定式(短语)
、动
名词等时,疑问部分的主语用
it
。如:

Whether they will come or not doesn't matter too much,
does it?
他们是否来关系不太大,对吗?(主语从句作陈述句
的主语)

Packing
the
suitcase
has
taken
up
a
whole
morning,
hasn't it?
打包(手提皮箱)花了一个上午,是吗?(动名词短
语作陈述句的主语)

To learn a foreign language well in such a short time isn't
easy, is it?
在那么短的时间内要学会一门外语是不容易的,对
吗?(不定式短语作陈述句的主语)

3.
与感叹句有关的反意疑问句

如果陈述句部分是感叹句,其反问部分要用否定式。
例如:

What a beautiful day, isn't it?
How clever the girl is,
isn't she?
4.
与含否定意义的词有关的反意疑问句

如果陈述部分含有
never,
hardly,
scarcely,
seldom,
no,
none,
no
one,
rarely,
nowhere,
nothing,
nobody,
few,
little
等具有否定意义的词,其反问部分要用肯定式。
例如:
They have never met each other before, have they?
You have nothing more to say, have you?
Few people know him, do they?
注意:当陈述部分含有由
dis-, un-, im-, in-, im-, il-, ir-
等否定前缀构成的派生词(
dislike,
discourage,
be
unfair/ untrue/ unable, etc.

时,
虽意思是




但疑问
部分仍要用否定式。如:

You dislike it, don't you?
The patient is unable to move round, isn't he?
The
news
that
they
failed
their
driving
test
discouraged
him, didn't it?

She dislike it, doesn't she?
她不喜欢它,是吧?

5.
与谓语有关的反意疑问句


1
)如果陈述部分含有表推测的情态动词
must
,其
反问部分不能 用情态动词,应根据具体情况而定。

A

must
表示

应该


其疑问部分用
mustn't

不应该)

如:

You must work hard next term, mustn't you ?
下学期
你应该努力学习,对吗?

B

must
表示

必须

,其疑问部分用
needn't
(不必)

如:

We must go at once, needn't we?
我们必须立刻走,

吗?

C

must
表示推测,
其疑问部分必须与
must
后面的主
要动词相呼应。如:

1
)对现在动作或存在的情况的推测:

You must know the answer to the exercise, don't you?

一定知道这项练习的答案,是不是?

That must be your bed, isn't it?
那一定是你的床,是
吗?

2
)对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测:

①表示肯定

You must have left your bag in the theatre, haven't you?
你一定是把包落在剧场了,是不是?

Aunt
Liu
must
have
got
to
the
U.S.A.
yesterday,
didn't
she?
刘大婶昨天准是到了美国了,对不?

②表示否定

表示推测时,否定式通常不是
must
not
,而是
can't

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