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英语中的四大句型
英语中的句子按照用途来分,可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四个句型。
一、陈述句
:
1.
定义:是用于陈述事实和观点的句子,有肯定结构和否定结构,句末用句号。
2.
结构:主语
+be/
助动词
/
情态动词
+< br>谓语
+
宾语
/
表语(
+
其它)。
3.
陈述句的肯定结构变否定结构:谓语动词是
be
动 词
,
助动词
have, has, will,
情态动词
can
等时,
只要直接在这些词后面加
not
就构成否定形式。
谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动
词时,必须在 谓语动词前加助动词,一般现在时加助动词
do
,第三人称单数加
does
,一般
过去时加
did
,再和
not
构成否定结构。必须指出的是:
don't, doesn't, didn't
后都用动词原形。
例如:
This is a desk.
(肯定结构)
→This isn’t a desk.
She does her homework every day.
(肯定结构)
→She doesn’t do her homework every day.
He has a computer game.
(肯定结构)
→He doesn’t have a computer game.
The students can sing and dance.
(肯定结构)
→The students can’t sing and dance.
练习:
请把下列各句改为否定句。
1
.
Amy is the best student in my class.
3.
John studies very hard this semester.
4. Jim has a lot of story books.
5
.
She can speak English and French.
2
.
These are my good friends.
二
.
疑问句
定义:指提出问题,请对方回答的句子,句末用问号,按结构来分。分为四种,分别是一般
疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句和反义疑问句。
一)
一般疑问句:以
be
动词
, have /has/do
等助动词、
can/may
等情态动词开头,以
yes
作肯
定回答
(不缩写)
no
来作否定回答(要缩写)的问句。
它的基本结构是:
Be/Have /Has/Did
等助动词(包括情态动词)+主语+谓语(包括表语)
+┄
?回答常用简略回答。
注意:
在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑 问句的时候
,
要注意句中是否有
already
、
some
、
something
、
somebody
等词,如果有也必须进行改变,
already
要改成
yet
,
som e
、
something
、
somebody
等分别改成
a ny
、
anything
、
anybody
等。
另外,在改成否定句的时候注意把
too
改成
either,both
改成neither,all
改成
none
等
.
在改成一般疑问句的 时候,
常常把第一人称
I
、
we
改成第二人
称
yo u
。
1
、谓语动词是
be
动词、助 动词、情态动词时,只要直接把这些词置于句首,句末改成问号。
练习:
1
)
. Li Lei is a good student.
(改成一般疑问句)
2
)
. They are your friends?
3).There's something wrong with his bike.
(改成一般疑问句)
2
、谓语动词是行为动词时,必须在句首加上助动词
Do
、
Does
( 三单)
、
Did
(过去式)加上这
些助动词后,句子中谓语动词必须用原形。
练习:
1)Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten.
(改成一般疑问句)
______ Edison ______ a science lab himself when he was ten
?
2)Those Japanese like Chinese food.
(改成一般疑问句)
______ those Japanese ________ Chinese food?
3). Your mother often go shopping on weekend.
4).Must I finish my homework now?
二)
特殊疑问句:以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子。
它的基本结构是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语
< br>的
定
语
,
就
用
特
殊
疑
问< br>词
+
陈
述
句
语
序
。
常
用< br>的
疑
问
词
有
:
what,
who(whom),
whose,which,when,where,how,why< br>等,回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答,不用
yes
或
no
来回答 。
1)
对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问,疑问词用
what
①
The twins were making a kite when their mother came in.
(划线提问)
______ _____ the twins _____ when their mother came in?
②
Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper.
(划线提问)
_______ ______ Mrs Turner ask her son ______ _______?
2)
对名词前定语提出疑问,疑问词应 用
which
,而且必须和名词连用。
I'm going to take the shirt on the right.
(划线提问)
______ _____ are you going to take?
3)
对指人名词或 代词提问用
who
,作宾语时提问用
whom
。
Ping,they,his father
4)
对物主代词和名词所有格提问用
whose
。
eg. Li Ping's coat
→
Whose coat my father
→
Whose father
5)
对具体时间提出疑问,如
in the morning,last Sunday
等,疑问词用
when
;对具体几点钟提问,
疑问词应用
what time
。
6)
对具体地点提出疑问,疑问词应用
where
。
The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill.
(划线提问)
_____ _____ the pupils having a picnic?
7)
对表原因的从句提问,常见的有
because
引导的从句, 疑问词应用
why
。
Xiao Cheng didn't go to the farm with us because he was ill.
(划线提问)
_______ _____ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us?
8)
对方式或程度等提出疑问,用疑问词
How
。
eg. go by bike like very much
9)
对数量提出疑问,疑问词为
How many
,要注意
how many
必须跟名词的复数形式。
eg. two hundred sheep
→
How many sheep
10)
对价格提出疑问,疑问词用
How much
。
eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater.
______ ______ did you pay for the sweater?
11)
对时间长度提出疑问,疑问词应用
How long
。
eg. I've worked in that factory for two years.
(划线提问)
______ _____ _______ you worked in that factory?
12)
对时间频率,如
once a year, twice a week
等提问,疑问词用
How often
。
13)
对具体次数,如
once, twice, three times
等提问,疑问词用
How many times
。
eg. ______ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice.
time many times much long
14)
对
in
+一段时间提问,疑问词一般用
How soon
。
eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours.
(划线提问)
_____ _____ _____ Jane and her brother finish the work?
15)
对距离提出疑问,疑问词用
How far
。
eg. It's about two kilometres from here to the country.
(划线提问)
______ _____ _____ _____ from here to the country?
16)
另外,对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问,则分别用
What's the date?
What day is it ?
如果是过去时间,就用
was
代替
is
。
What's the weather like?
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