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1970-01-01 08:00
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2021年1月23日发(作者:交通参与者)
反义疑问句


反义疑问句
(The Disjunctive Question)
即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对
方证实。

反义疑问 句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的
人称时态应保持一致 。

主要形式:陈述部分肯定式
+
疑问部分否定式

;陈述部分否定式
+
疑问部分肯定式



1
简述

陈述部分和疑问部分要么前肯后否,
要么前否后肯。这类反义疑问句有时带有感情色彩,
表示惊奇,
愤怒,
讽刺,不服气等。例如:< br>You call this a day's work

don't you
?你说这就叫一天的活儿,不是吗?

2
句式

句子结构

1
.陈述部分肯定句
+
疑问部分否定句(可记为前肯后否)
.
例:They work hard, don’t they?

2
.陈述部分否定句
+
疑问部分肯定句(可记为前否后肯)
.
例:
You didn't go, did you?
句子类型

一种是反义的附加疑问句;一种是非反义的附加疑问句。

简单来说,就是“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”。

3
读法规则
< br>反义疑问句陈述部分用降调,问句部分可升可降。提问者对陈述部分把握较大时,问句部分用降调;反之< br>用升调。

4
速记方法

前肯后否,前否后肯,前
be

be
,前情态后情态,前无
be
或情态后加助
,并改为否定,时态一致。

5
主语

一般词语

附加疑问句中主语用和主句一致的主语,用主格。附加疑问句随从句。

不定代词

当陈述部分的主语是


1

one
时,后面的疑问句可用
one/he.

2

no one
时,后面附加疑问句中主语用
they



3
everything,anything,nothing,something
时, 附加疑问句中主语用
it
不用
they

4

this, that,

those, these
时,附加疑问句中主语用
it

they.

5

everyone

everybody

someo ne

somebody

anyone

nobody< br>等时,附加疑问句中主语一般用
they
(口头语,非正式文体)
/he
(正式文体)。


6
)不定式时,动名词,其他短语,附加疑问句中主语 一般用
it



7

there be
句型时,附加疑问句中一般用
be/
情态动词
/
助动词
+there


6
否定意义的词

(1)
当陈述部分有
never

seldom, hardly

few

little

barely, scarcely, nothing

none,rarely

no, not, no one, nobody, neither
等否定意义的词汇时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式:

There're few apples in the basket, are there?
He can hardly swim, can he?
They seldom come late, do they?
(2)
当陈述部分的主语为
everyone,someone,anyone,no one
等表示人的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用
they

he


1

Everyone in your family is a teacher, aren’t they
isn't he


(3)< br>当陈述部分的主语为
everything,something,g
等表示物的不定代 词时,疑问部分的
主语用
it


Something is wrong with your watch, isn’t it?

(4)
当陈 述部分含有否定意思的词是
unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,
等含有 否定词缀的派生词,也就是有
un,dis,no-
前缀、
-less
后缀等 含有词缀而意思否定的词,
当做肯定句处理,
疑问部分要用否定形式。
如:

He looks unhappy,doesn’t he? 他看上去不高兴,不是吗?

The girl dislikes history,doesn’t she? 这女孩不喜欢历史,不是吗?

(5)
当陈述部分有
less, fewer
等词视为肯定词,疑问部分用否定形式。

There will be less pollution, won't there?
表示主语的词

含有
think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect
等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑
问句时,
视情况不同有两种不同的 构成方式。

(即当主句是
I
think

I
believe

I
suppose

I
imagine

I expect
时要反问从句,其余句式均反问主句。)

(1)
当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如:

I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
值得注意的是,当这些动 词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时,其仍属否定句,故其后的简短问句应用
肯定式,而非否定式。例 如:

I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he?
We don't imagine the twins have arrived, have they?
此类句子的回答同

前否后肯< br>
型反意疑问句一样,
如上述后一个句子,
若双胞胎已经到了,
则回答为

they have.
;若尚未到达,使用



( 2)
当主句的主语为第二、三人称时,其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时,否定只看主句,与从句
无关)。例如:

Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
(3)
但如果主句的时态是过去时等等,疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。

better
陈述部分有
had better,
或其中的
had
表示完成时态时,疑问句应用
hadn’t
等开头:

You’d better get up early, hadn’t you?

其他情况句中有
have
时疑问句应用
don't
等开头


have
表示“有”的时候,有两种形式:(
have
表示有可用
do

have
来改写)

-
He has two sisters,doesn’t he? =He has two sisters, hasn’t he?

-He doesn't have any sisters,does he?
祈使句

当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要根据语气来表达,分三种情况:

1
)一般情况下用
will you

won't you


Give me a hand, will you?
Leave all the things as they are, won’t you?

2)

Let's
(听者包括在内)开头的祈使句,前肯 后可肯可否,疑问句必须用
shall we

shall
只用于第
一人称)
;
只有以
Let
us
(听话人不被包括在“us”里面)或
Let
me
开头的祈使句,问句才用
will
you


Let us know the time of your arrival, will you?
2

Let's try again, shall we?
Let me help you, will you?
Let’s have a look on your book,
shall we


3)
当陈述句是否定的祈使句时,问句可用
will you

can you


e.g. don’t make much noise, will/can you?

There be
句型

There be
句型中,反义疑问部分必须为
be
动词
+ there
There are some apples in the basket, aren't there?
There isn't any milk left, is there?
there used to be,
反义疑问句有两种形式:
didn't there

usedn't there.
There used to be some cities wall, usedn't there?
或:
There used to be some cities wall, didn't
there?
Must
.
当 陈述部分有情态动词
must
,问句有
4
种情况:

1

mustn't
表示“禁止,不可,不必”时,附加问句通常要用
m ust.
You mustn't stop your car here, must you?
你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?


2

must
表示“有必要”时,附加问句通常要用
needn't.
They must finish the work today, needn’t they?

他们今天要完成这项工作,是吗?


3

must be
表推测
,
用来表示对现

在的情况进行推测时,问句通常要根据
must
后面的动词采用相应的
形式。

He must be good at English, isn’t he? 他英语一定学得很好,是吗?

She must be a good English teacher, isn’t she? 她一定是位优秀的英语老师,是吗?


4
)当
must have done
表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语),问句要根据陈
述部分 谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般 没有明确
的过去时间状语),问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”。

She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she?

她上星期一定读了这本小说,不是吗?

You must have told her about it, haven’t you?

你一定把这事告诉她了,不是吗?

回答

反意疑问句的回答
:前肯后否,前否后肯,根据事实从后往前翻译
。如:


1
)They work hard,don’t they?他们努力工作,不是吗?

Yes, they do.

,
他们工作努力。
/No, they don't.
不,他们工作不努力


2
)They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗?

Yes, they do.
不,他们工作努力。
/No, they don't.
是的,

他们工作不努力

否定反义疑问句的回答

当陈述部分为肯定式,反 义疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:





此时,

即是,对前面

的肯定。

回答反义疑问句的原则

回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,如有人问你
You are asl
eep, aren’t you? 你应回答
No,
I’m
not. 因为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有
asleep
。但如果别人问你

You
aren’t
asleep,
are
you?(你
3

还没有睡着,对吗
)
,你也只能回答
No,
I’m
not.(是的,还没有睡着
)
,而不能回答为
Yes,
I’m
not. 也
不能回答成
Yes, I am.
“It is a beautiful flower,
isn't it
?” “It isn't a beautiful flower,
is it
?”

上述两句句子的回答肯定均为“Yes,
it is.
否定为“No,
it isn't.
由上述例子可知,
反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太 大关联,
只需注意事实,
肯定即用
yes
,否定用
no
,无 需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。

建议在答题时,先按照实际写后面的答句,再根据 前后一致原则写
Yes

No


7
口诀

反意疑问并不难,陈述疑问句中含。

前后肯否恰相反,否定词缀不能算。

主谓时态要一致,特殊情况记心田。

实际情况来回答,再把
yes

no
练。


综上所述,反义疑问句回答就是按实际情况回答。

对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的 提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用
yes
,事实是否定的,就要用
no
。< br>但是,翻译成汉语意思刚好相反,这种回答的
yes
要译成“不”,
no
要译成“是”。

例:—He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,不是吗?

—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。
/
不是。

—His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?


Yes, she
did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。
/
是的,她没参加。

简要总结反意疑问句
19
条:

(1)
陈述部分的主语是
I
,疑问部分要用
aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister

aren't I?
(2)
陈述部分的谓语是
wish
,疑问部分要用
may +
主语。

I wish to have a word with you, may I?
(3)
陈述部分用
no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little
等否定含义的词
时,疑问部分用肯定含义。

The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (
开花
), do they ?
(4)
含有
ought to
的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用
shouldn't / oughtn't +
主语。

He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
(5)
陈述部分有
have to +v. (had to + v.)
,疑问部分常用
don't +
主语(
didn't +
主语)。

We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
(6)
陈述部分的谓语是
used to
时,疑问部分用
didn't +
主语或
usedn't +
主语。

He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
(7)
陈述部分有
had better + v.
疑问句部分用
hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
(8)
陈述部分有
would rather +v.
,疑问部分多用
wouldn't +
主语。

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
(9)
陈述部分有
You'd like to +v.
疑问部分用
wouldn't +
主语。

You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
(10)
陈述部分有
must
的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
4

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