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祈使句和反意疑问句的基本结构和用法
一、考点回顾
1.
祈使句结构
祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等。
1
)祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加
do
(但只限于省略第
二人称主语的句子)
。例如:
Take this seat.
坐这儿。
Do be careful.
务必小心。
否定结构:例如:
Don't move.
不准动。
Don't be late.
不要迟到。
2
)第二种祈使句以
let
开头。
Let
的反意疑问句:
a. Let's
包括说话者。例如:
Let's have another try, shall we / shan't we? = Shall we have another try?
我们
再试一次,如何?
b. Let us
不包括说话者。例如:
Let
us
have
another
try
,
will
you
/
won't
you?
=
Will
you
please
let
us
have
another try?
你让我们再试一次,好吗?
否定结构:例如:
Let's not talk of that matter
.
不要谈这件事。
Let us not talk of that matter
.
你不要让我们谈这件事
3
)常考句型
祈使句
+and/or/otherwise+
将来时
Study hard and you
’
ll succeed
2.
反意疑问句
1
)
陈述部分的主语是
I
,疑问部分要用
aren't I
。例如:
I'm as tall as your sister
, aren't I?
我跟你姐一样高,对吗?
2
)
陈述部分的谓语是
wish
,疑问部分要用
may +
主语。例如:
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
我想与你说句话,行吗?
3
)
陈述部分用
no, nothing, nobody, never
, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little
等否定含义
的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。例如:
Some plants never blown
(开花)
, do they ?
有些
植物从不开花,对吗?
4
)
含有
ought to
的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用
shouldn't / oughtn't +
主语。例如:
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
他应该知道该做什么,
对吗?
5
)
陈述部分有
have to +v.
(
had to + v.
)
,疑问部分常用
don't +
主语(
didn't +
主语)
。
例如:
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
我们要在明天早上八点到达那
儿,是吗?
6
)
陈述部分的谓语是
used to
时,疑问部分用
didn't +
主语或
usedn't +
主语。例如:
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
他以前常在那儿拍照,是
吗?
7
)
陈述部分有
had better + v.
疑问句部分用
hadn't you?
例如:
第
1
页
共
6
页
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
你最好自己去读,好吗?
8
)
陈述部分有
would rather +v.
,疑问部分多用
wouldn't +
主语。例如:
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
他宁可读十遍也不愿
意背诵,是吗?
9
)
陈述部分有
You'd like to +v.
疑问部分用
wouldn't +
主语。例如:
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
你想和我们一块去,对吗?
10
)
陈述部分有
must
的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如:
He must be a doctor
, isn't he?
他肯定是医生,是吗?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
你一定
读过三年英语,对吗?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
他肯定是在昨天完成任务的,
是吗?
11
)
感叹句中,疑问部分用
be +
主语。例如:
What colors, aren't they?
多漂亮的颜色,是吗?
12
)
陈述部分由
neither
… nor
, either
… or
连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑
意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer
, are we?
你不是工程师,我也不是,对吗?
13
)
陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词
everything, that, nothing, this,
疑问部分主语用
it
。例如:
Everything is ready, isn't it?
一切就绪,是吗?
14
)
陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
a.
并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如:
Mr
.
Smith
had
been
to
Beijing
for
several
times,
he
should
have
been
in
China
now,
shouldn't he?
史密斯先生曾几次去过北京,按理说他现在应该在中国,是吗?
b.
带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例
如:
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
他说他想去日本看看,他是那样说的
吗?
c.
陈述部分主句为第一人称,
谓语是
think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine
等引
导的定语从句, 疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如:
I don't think he is bright, is he?
我认为他并不聪明,是吗?
We believe she can do it better
, can't she?
我们相信她能做得更好,她能吗?
15
)
陈述部分主语是不定代词
everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one
等,疑问部
分常用复数
they
,有时也用单 数
he
。例如:
Everyone knows the answer
, don't they?
(
does he?
)
人人都知道答案,
是这样吧?
Nobody knows about it, do they?
(
does he?
)
没人知道这件事,是吧?
16
)
< br>带情态动词
dare
或
need
的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用
need
(
dare
)
+
主语。例
如:
We need not do it again, need we ?
我们不必重做一遍,是吗?
He dare not say so, dare he?
他不敢这样说,是吗?
当
dare, need
为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词
do +
主语。例如:
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
她不敢独自回家,是吗?
17
)
省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用
will you
。例如:
Don't do that again, will you?
别再这样做,好吗?
第
2
页
共
6
页
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
跟我走吧,好吗?
注意:
Let's
开头的祈使句,后用
shall we?
Let us
开头的祈使句,后用
will you?
例如:
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
一起去听音乐,好吗?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
你让我们在阅览室等你,
好吗?
18
)
陈述部 分是
结构的,疑问部分用
there
省略主语代词。例如:
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
你的表有问题,对不对?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
不会有麻烦吧,是吗?
19
)
否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如:
It is impossible, isn't it?
这不可能,是吗?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
他不会对他同学使坏,是吗?
20
)
must
在表
推测
时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如:
He must be there now, isn't he?
他现在肯定在那儿,是吧?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
明天肯定要下雨,是吗?
二、经典例题剖析
1.
(
2007
北京卷)
When you’ve finished with that book,don’t forget to put it back one the
shelf,____?
A. do you
B. don’t you
C. will you
D. won’t
you
解析:
当你读完这本书,
别 忘了把他放回书架上,
好吗?省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,
疑问部分用
will you
。
答案:
C
点评:本题考查祈使句的反意疑问句用法。
2.
(
2007
上海春)
If you talk nice and polite, people listen to you. If you shout, this is no
good,
?
A
.
do you
B
.
don’t you
C
.
is it
D
.
isn’t it
解析:如果你说话有礼貌,人们 就会听你。如果你大声喊叫,不好的,对吗?陈述部分主
语是指示代词或不定代词
everyt hing, that, nothing, this,
疑问部分主语用
it
。
答案:
C
点评:本题考查反意疑问句的一个简单规则。
3.
(2006
全国卷
)
We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter
,________.
A. do you
B. can we
C. will you
D. shall we
解析:
我们忘记带票了,
请让我们进去 好吗?省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,
疑问部分用
will you
答案:
C
点评:本题考查祈使句的反意疑问句用法
4.
(2006
福建卷
)
I’m sure you’d
rather she went to school by bus, ______?
A.
hadn’t you
B.
wouldn’t you
C.
aren’t
I
D.
didn’t she
解析:我肯定你更乐意让他乘公交车对吗?陈述部分主句为第一人称谓语是
think,
believe,
expect, suppose, imagin,be sure ,
引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意
疑问句
答案:
B.
点评:
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