-
反义疑问句
一.句型解释
反义疑问句
(The Disjunctive Question)
:即附加疑问句 。它表示提问人的看法
,
没有把握
,
需要对方证实。
< br>反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保 持
一致。
1
.陈述部分肯定式
+
疑问部分否定式
2
.陈述部分否定式
+
疑问部分肯定式
She was ill yesterday, wasn
’
t she?
You didn
’
t go, did you?
二.特殊的句型
1.
祈使句。
祈使句后一般加上
will you
或
won't you
构成反意疑问句,
用
will you
多表示
“请求”
,
用
won't you
多
表示提醒对方注意。例如:
Let
引导的祈使句有两种情况:
1)
Let's...,
后的反意疑问句用
shall we
或
shan't we
。
例如:
Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we?
回家吧,好吗?
2)Let us/me...
后的反意疑问句用
will you
或
won't you
。
例如:
Let me have a try, will you/won't you?
3
)祈使句都用
will you
或
won
’
t you
2.
当陈述部分含
I think (believe, suppose...)that...
结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主
句的主语必须是第一人称。例如:
I don't think he will come, will he?
若是非第一人称,则与主句的主语相一致
He thinks that she will come, doesn’t he?
反意疑问句的陈述部分为
I(We) don
’
t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that
从句时,从句为 否定意义,问句部
分的动词和主语仍与
that
从句保持一致且用肯定式。如:
①
I don
’
t think that you can do it, can you?
(不用
do I?
)
②
We don
’
t believe that the news is true, is it?
(不用
do we?
)
反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语
+said( told, reported, asked
……
) + that
从句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分
的主句动词和主语保持一致。如:
①
They said that you had finished your work, didn
’
t they?
(不用
hadn
’
t you
)
②
Kate told you that she would go there, didn
’
t she?
(不用
wouldn
’
t she?
)
3.
当反意疑问句的陈述部分为从句时,若主句主语为
I
,反意部分的主语为从句主语
;
若不为
I
,反义部分的
主语为主句主语。
①
I know your father is a worker, isn't he?
①
she knows your father is a worker, doesn
’
t she?
4.
当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:
few, little, seldom
,
hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing,
none, neither
等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如:
He is never late for school, is he?
5.
当陈述部分所含的否定词 是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。
例如:
It is unfair, isn't it?
这不公平,是吧?
6
.陈述部分主、谓语是
I am...
时,反意疑问句用
aren't I ,
而不是
am not I (
可用
am I not)
。
例如:
I'm working now, aren't I?
我在工作,是吗?
7.
陈述部分的主语是
everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither
时
,
其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词
they
。例如:
Everyone is here, aren't they?
大家都到了,是吗?
No one knows about it, do they?
没有人知道这件事,对吗?
8.
陈述部分的主语是
everything, nothing, anything
或
something
时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词
it
。
例如:
Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it?
我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?
9.
陈述部分 的主语是指示代词
this
或
that
时,
反意疑问句的主语用it
,
当陈述部分的主语是指示代词
these
或
those< br>时,其反意疑问句的主语用
they
。
例如:
This is a plane, isn't it?
这是一架飞机,是吗?
These are grapes
,
aren't they?
这些是葡萄,是吗?
10.
陈述部分的主语是不定代词
one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用
one
,也可用
you
。
例如:
One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one?
每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧?
11.
当陈述部分谓语动词是
need, dare,
且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用
do
的适当形式。
例如:
He needs help, doesn't he?
他需要帮助,是吗?
12.
当陈述部分主语是从句、不定 式
(
短语
)
、动词
-ing
形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该 用
it
。
例如:
What you need is more important, isn't it
?
你需要的东西更重要,是吧?
(has)
不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用
do, does, did
。
例如:
They had a meeting just now
,
didn't they?
他们刚才开了个会,是吗?
15.
陈述部分有
have to
时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。
例如:
You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?
You had to water the vegetables every day, didn't you?
used to stay up late, usedn’t he/ didn’t he
?
17.
陈述部分是
there be
句型时,其反意疑问句中要用
there
。
There was a hospital here, wasn't there?
18.
陈述部分有
had better
时,反意疑问句中要用
hadn't
。
例如:
We
’
d better go to school at once, hadn't we?
He’d rather go home, wouldn’t he?
19.
当陈述部分含有情态动词
must
时,我们便要分析一下
must
的含义。如果
must
作“一定;要;必 须”讲,
反意疑问句须用
mustn't
或
needn't
;而当< br>must
作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据
must
后的 动词原形选用相应的形式。
例如:
He must work hard at physics, mustn't he?
他必须努力学物理,是吧?
Tom must be at home
,
isn't he?
汤姆一定在家,是吧
①
He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn
’
t he?
(不用
mightn
’
t he?/ hasn
’
t he?
)
②
You must have got up late this morning, didn
’
t you?
(不用
mustn
’
t you?/haven
’
t you?
)
20.
反意疑问句的回答用
yes
,
no
,
但是,回答意思相反
,
当陈述部分是否定形式时,回答要按事实。
例如:
They don
’
t work hard, do they?
Yes, they do.
不,他们工作努力。
/No, they don
’
t.
对,
他们工作不努力。
反意疑问句的陈述部分为
I am
……时,问句部分习惯上用
aren
’
t I
?表示。如:
I am a very honest man, aren’t I?
反意疑问句二
反意疑问句是英语四大问句之 一,
它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的。
反意疑问句的基本构成形
式是:陈述 句
+
动词(肯定或否定)
+
主语?如:
①
She often has lunch at school, doesn’t she?
②
You don’t like sports, do you?
一、
反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系,即:
肯定
+
否定?
否定
+
肯定?如:
①
You can’t do it, can you?
②
They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they?
二、
反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。如:
①
He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he?
(不能用
hasn’t he?
)
②
They have known the matter, haven’t they?
(不能用
don’t they?
)
三、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。如:
①
They will go to town soon, won’t they?
(不能用
don’t they?
或
aren’t they?
)
②
He works very hard, doesn’t he?
(不能用
didn’t he?
或
won’t he?
)
四、反意疑问句的陈述部分带有
little, few, never, hardly, seldom
等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。如:
①
She never tells a lie, does she?
(不用
doesn’t she?
)
②
He was seldom late, was he?
(不用
wasn’t he?
)
五、反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由
un-, im-, in-, dis-,
等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含
义,问句部分用否定形式 。如:
①
Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?
(不能用
is he?
)
②
The man is dishonest, isn’t he?
(不能用
is he?
)
六、反意疑问句的陈述部分为
I am……
时,问句部分习惯上用
aren’t I
?表示。如:
I am a very honest man, aren’t I?
八、反意疑问句的陈述部分为
I(We) don’t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that
从句时,从句为否定意义,问
句部分的动 词和主语仍与
that
从句保持一致且用肯定式。如:
①
I don’t think that you can do it, can you?
(不用
do I?
)
②
We don’t believe that the news is tru
e, is it?
(不用
do we?
)
九、反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语
+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that
从句时,问句部分的动
词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如:
①
They all think that English is very important, don’t they?
(不用
isn’t it?
)
②
He didn’t think that the news was true, did he?
(不用
wasn’t/ was
it?
)
十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语
+said( told, reported, asked……) + that
从句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈
述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如:
①
They said that you had finished your work, didn’t they?
(不用
hadn’t you
)
②
Kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she?
(不用
wouldn’t she?
)
十一、陈述部分的主语为不定代词
something, anything, nothing, everything
时,问句部分的主语用
it
。如:
①
Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?
②
Nothing has happened to them, has it?
十二、陈述部分的主语为不定代词
somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)
时,问句部分的主语用
he
或
they
,这时问句动词的数应和
he
或
they
一致。如:
①
Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?
②
Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they?
十三、陈述部分为
Let me……
时,问句部分习惯上用
shall I?
或
will you?
形式。如:
Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?)
十四、陈述部分为
Let us……
时,问句部分习惯上用
will you?
陈述部分为
Let’s……
时,问句部分习惯上用
shall
we?
如:
Let us stop to rest, will you?
Let’s go home together, shall we?
十六、陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时,问句部分一般用
will you?
形式表示请求,用
won’t you
?形式表示
委婉请求或邀请。如:
①
Do sit down, won’t you?/ will you?
②
Jim,you feed the bird today, will you?
③
Please open the window, will y
ou?(won’t you?)
十七、陈述部分为否定祈使句时,问句部分一般用
will you?
如:
Don’t make any noise, will you?
十八、陈述部分为
There (Here) + be +
主语时,问句部分用动词
+there(here)?
。如:
①
There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there?
②
Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn’t here?
十九、陈述部分用
had better +
原形动词表示建议时,问句部分用
hadn’t +
主语?。
①
You’d better tell him about the matter, hadn’t you?
②
We had better do it by ourselves, hadn’t we?
二十、陈述部分用
used to +
主语时,问句部分用
didn’t +
主语?或
usedn’t
①
He used to live in the country, didn’t he?/usedn’t he?
②
They used to be good f
riends, didn’t they?/usedn’t they?
二十一、陈述部分用
must(may, might) + have + V-ed
表示推测时,若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语,问句部
分动词用过去时形式。如 :
①
He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn’t he?
(不用
mightn’t he?/ hasn’t he?
)
②
You must have got up late this morning, d
idn’t you?
(不用
mustn’t you?/haven’t you?
)
二十二、陈述部分用
must(may, might) + have + V-ed
表示推测时,若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语,
问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如:
①
Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven’t they?
(不用
mustn’t they?
)
②
You must have worked there a year ago, didn’t
you?
(不用
mustn’t you?/ haven’t you?
)
二十三、陈述部分的主语为从句时,问句部分的主语一般用
it
代替,如:
①
What he said is true, isn't it?
(不用
didn’t he?
)
②
Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it?
(不用
won’t we?
)
二十四、陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时,问句的主语用
it
代替。如:
①
To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it?
②
Skating is your favorite sport, isn't it?
反意疑问句考点
反意疑问句是高考重要考点
,
其构成形式是
肯定
+
否定
和
否定
+
肯定
但也有一些特例。本文结合高考试
题
,
对反意疑问句的易考点进行归纳。
1.
陈述句部分的谓语是
be, had better
或情态动词等时
,
反意疑问句仍用这些动词。
[
原题再现
]
Bill's aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, ________?
A. isn't it B. is it C. isn't he D. is he
答案
: A
2.
陈述部分的谓语 是
have
时
,
若
have
作
有
解
,
反意疑问部分用
have
(has)
或
do
(does)
的肯定或否定式
;
若
have
作使役动词
,
则只能用
do (does, did)
的适当形式进行反问。
[
原题再现
]
His wife had the front door painted green yesterday, ________she?
A. did B. had C. didn't D. hadn't
答案
: C
3.
陈述部分含有
no, never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nowhere, nothing
等 否定意义的词时
,
反意疑问部分用肯定形
式
;
但陈述部分若使用含有 否定意义的前缀或后缀的词时
,
反意疑问部分仍然使用否定形式。
[
原题再现
]
He seldom has lunch at school, ________?
A. hasn't he B. has he C. doesn't he D. does he
答案
: D
They dislike English, don't they?
他们不喜欢英语,不是吗?
4
、含有下列情态动词时构成的反意疑问句形式
a
、陈述句有
had better
时,问句中用
had
(hadn’t)
。
You’d better go home now, hadn’t you?
b
、陈述句中有
must
表示
“
必须
”
时问句用
needn't
或
mustn't
You must do your homework, mustn't you?/ needn't you?
We mustn’t go home, must (need) we?
c
、
must
表示
“
推测
”
时,问句中则不能用情态动词,而需要用其 它形式。
如:
She must be in the room, isn’t she?
You must have been to Shanghai, haven’t you?
[
原题再现
]
There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ________?
A. didn't they B. don't they C. mustn't they D. haven't they
答案
: D
5.
陈述部分的主语是
everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, no one
等不定 代词时
,
其疑问部分的主语
可根据句子的内涵选用
he
或
t hey
。例如
:
Everyone knows his job, doesn't he?
Everyone had lent you a hand when you were in trouble, hadn't they?
6.
陈述部分的主语是
something, anything, everything, n othing
等不定代词
,
其疑问部分的主语一般用
it
。例如:
Everything is ready, isn't it?
Nothing goes well, does it?
7.
陈述部分是
there be
句型时
,
反意疑问部分用
。
[
原题再现
]
There's not much news in today's paper, ________?
A. isn't it B. are there
C. is there D. aren't there
答案
: C
8.
陈述部分谓语含有
used to
时
,
反意疑问 部分可用
usedn't,
也可用
didn't;
陈述部分含有
ou ght to
时
,
反意疑问部分
可用
oughtn't
或< br>shouldn't
两种形式。例如
:
Tom used to make fun of Peter, usedn't / didn't he?
We ought to learn the law knowledge by heart, oughtn't / shouldn't we?
9.
陈述部分的主语是
this,
tha t,
不定式短语、动名词短语或从句时
,
反意疑问部分的主语用
it;
陈述部分的主语是
these, those
时
,
反意疑问部分的主语用
they
。例如
:
This is a most wonderful place, isn't it?
Learning a foreign language well takes a long time, doesn't it?
That they are close friends doesn't seem true, does it?
10.
陈述 部分的主语后有同位语从句或定语从句修饰时
,
反意疑问部分仍应对主句主语进行反问。
[
原题再现
]
The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ________?
A. did they B. di dn't they C. did it D. didn't it
答案
: D
11.
陈述部分为含有宾语从句的主从 复合句时
,
通常要对主句主语进行反问
;
但若陈述部分是
( don't)
think
/
suppose / believe / imagine / expect
等
+
宾语从句
时< br>,
要对宾语从句的主语进行反问
,
同时要注意否定转移现
象。
[
原题再现
]
I don't suppose anyone will volunteer, ________?
A. do I B. don't I C. will they D. won't they
答案
: C
12.
陈述部分为祈使句时
,
不论祈使句是肯定形式还是否定形式
,
反意疑问部分通 常用
will you;
但
Let's
引起的祈使
句的反意疑问句部 分通常用
shall we
。
[
原题再现
]
If you want help-money or anything, let me know, ________ you?
A. don't B. will C. shall D. do
答案
: B
13
、陈述句部分是
句型时,附加问句部分用
may I
。例如:
I wish I were you, may I?
我希望我是你,可以吗?
I wish her to come here, may I?
我希望她到这儿来,可以吗?
预测题
says a word about the incident, ___________?
A. is he
B. doesn’t he
C. do they
D. don’t they
never told me why you were late for the class, ___________?
A. weren’t you
B. didn’t you
C. had you
D. did you
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