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一、代词的分类
代词可以分为人称代词,
物主代词,
反身代词,< br>指示代词,
疑问代词,
关系代词,
不定代词,相互代词这八类。
二、人称代词
就是表示
“
我,你,他,她,它,你们,他们
”
的词。人称代词分主格和宾格两类,
有单、复数之分。
人称代词的形式如下:
人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
(我,我们)
(你,你们)
(除我、我们、你、你们之外)
单复
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
数
主格
宾格
I
Me
we
us
you
you
you
you
he
him
she
her
it
it
they
them
1.
人称代词的用法
(
1
)人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格做主语,宾格做宾语。如:
I
like table tennis.
(做主语)
Do
you
know him?
(做宾语)
(
2
)人称代词还可作表语。(做表语时用宾格的形式。)如:
---Who is knocking at the door?
---
It’s
me
.
(
3
)
人称代词在
than
之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,
用主格和宾格都可以。
如:
He is older than
me
.
He is older than
I
am.
(
4
)人称代词的顺序。几个人称代词并列做主语时,它们的顺序是:
单数形式(二、三、一)
you, he and I
复数形式(一、二、三)
we, you and they
注意:
当受到批评时或承认错误时正好相反,
I
在最前,
you
在最后。
口诀:单数二、三、一,复数一、二、三,受到批评我在前,承认错误你在后。
如:
You, he
and
I
are all the winners.
I, Li lei
and
you
are wrong. We should do more for the project.
2. it
用法总结
(
1
)作为人称代词,
it
可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人。
Where’s my book? Have you seen it
?
我的书在哪里?你看见了没有?
The dog is in the garden, isn’t
it?
狗在花园里,是吧?
婴儿哭了,因为他
/
她饿了
.
(Someone is ringing.) ---
Who’s it?
(有人在按门铃。)
---
谁呀?
---
It’s me.
---
是我
(
2
)
it
可以指上下文内容。
The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chinese proud.
2008
年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。
(
3
)
it
表示时间、天气、距离等。
---What time is it now
?
现在几点了?
---
It’s half past nine.
九点半。
It is cold.
天气冷。
公园到博物馆大约是十公里。
(
4
)
it
用作形式主语或形式宾语。
It’s very important for
us to learn English well.
(实际主语是
to learn English well
)
对我们来说,学好英语很重要。
I found it hard to fly a kite.
(实际宾语是
to fly a kite
)我发现放风筝很难。
备注:句型(可以用于作文中)
It’s adj. for/of sb. to do sth.
It’s time to do sth.
It’s time for sth.
It seems that
It one’s turn to do sth.
It’s +
强调部分
+ that/who/whom
3.
实战演练
(
1
)
Miss Green is an English teacher. We all like ( she ).
(
2
)
Could you help ( I )?
(
3
)
( My ) can't get my kite.
(
4
)
Her bike is broken. Can ( your ) mend it?.
(
5
)
I found ( it )hard to fly a kite
(
6
)
Those ( child ) are
( I ) father’s students.
(
7
)
Do you know ( it ) name?
(
8
)
I love
(
they
)
very much.
三、物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词,即
“……
的
”
。物主代词分别有形容词性物主代
词和名词性物主代词。
物主代词的形式如下:
人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单复
数
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
单数
my
mine
复数
our
ours
单数
your
yours
复数
your
yours
his
his
单数
her
hers
its
its
复数
their
theirs
1.
物主代词的用法
(
1
)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。如:
Our
teacher is coming to see us.
This is
her
pencil-box.
(
2
)名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已提及的 名词重复,其作用相当于名
词,
并且名词性物主代词
=“
形容词性物主代词
+
名词
”
,
在句中可用作主语、
宾语和表语。如:
--- Is this English-book
yours
?
(做表语)
--- No.
Mine
is in my bag.
(做主语)
I've already finished my homework. Have you finished
yours
?
(做宾语)
(
3
)名词性物主代词可以用在
of
后做定语,相当于
“ of+
名词所有格
”
表示带
有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。
如:
He is a friend of
mine
.
他是我的一位朋友。
2.
实战演练
用所给词的适当形式填空
(
1
)
I ate all sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of ? ( you )
(
2
)
George has lost ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if
(是否)
she will lend him . ( she )
(
3
)
Jack has a dog and so have I. ( he ) dog and ( I ) had a fight (
打架
).
(
4
)
The teacher wants you to return that book of ( he )
(
5
)
Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of are coming to see us. ( they )
(
6
)
We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of . (we )
四、反身代词
表示
“
我(们)自己
”
、
“
你(们)自己
”
、
“
他
/
她
/
它(们)自己
”
的代词称为反身
代词。
反身代词的形式如下:
人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
反身代词
myself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
itself
themselves
巧记口诀:
反身代词构成并不难,单数词尾
-self
记心间。
第三人称宾格加在前,其余物主开头用在先。
复数形式如何变,
f
要用
ves
来替换。
1.
反身代词的用法
反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语和同位语。
(
1
)做宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或
一些人。
He called
himself
a writer.
Would you please express
yourself
in English?
(
2
)做表语。
It doesn't matter. I'll be
myself
soon.
The girl in the news is
myself
.
(
3
)做主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
I
myself
washed the clothes( = I washed the clothes myself.)
(做主语同位语)
You should ask the teacher
himself
.
(做宾语同位语)
(
4
)反身代词常用的短语。
teach oneself
自学
learn by oneself
自学
help oneself to
随
便吃
enjoy oneself
=
have a good time = have fun
玩的高兴
come to oneself
苏醒
2.
实战演练
1
2
3
4
5
五、指示代词
指示代词是表示
“
那个
”
、
“
这个
”
、
“
这些
”
、
“
那些
”
等指示概念的代词。
单数
复数
指示代词
This
That
These
Those
例句
This girl is Mary.
That is Mary.
These men are my teachers.
Those are my teachers.
1.
指示代词的用法
(
1
)
this
和
these
一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,
that
和
those
则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。如:
This
is a pen and
that
is a pencil.
We are busy
these
days.
(
2
)
有时
that
和
those
指前面讲到过的事物,
this
和
these
则是指下面将要讲
到的事物。如:
I had a cold.
That
's why I didn't come.
What I want to say is
this
: pronunciation is very important in learning English
.
(
3
)有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用
that
或
those
代替。如:
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as
those
made in Shanghai
.
(
4
)
this
在电话用语中代表自己,
that
则代表对方。如:
Hello! This is Mary. Is
that
Jack speaking?
2.
实战演练
1
The machines made in China are cheaper than ______ made in Japan.
2
—Look! What’s ______ in the sky?
—
It looks like a kite.
3
---Have you found your lost mobile phone?
---
No, I haven’t found
___________, but I bought___________ this
morning.
; that
; one
; one
; it
六、疑问代词
1.
疑问代词及词组
疑问代词有
who, whom, whose, what
和
which
等。
疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,
一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如 :
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