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反意疑问句
反意疑问句表示问话人有一定的看法
,
但并不完全肯定
,
需要对方证实。它由两部分组成
——
陈述句
+
简略问句< br>。
一般情况下
,
陈述部分为肯定结构时
,
简略问句用否定结构
,
即
“
前肯后否
”;
陈述部分为否定结
构时
,
简略问句用肯定结构
,
即
“
前否后肯
”
。
1
主句陈述句
+
反意疑问句?
陈述句用肯定
反意疑问句用否定
陈述句用否定
反意疑问句用肯定
You are in the class, aren't you?
2
特殊点
1
)陈述部分主语是不定代词
everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one
等,疑问部分常用复
数
they
,非正式有时也用单数
he.
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
2
)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词
everything, that, nothing, this,
疑问部分主语用
it
。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
3
)陈述部分是
结构的,疑问部分用
there
省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
4
)
)
陈述部分用
no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little
等否定含义的词时,
疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (
开花
), do they ?
5
)
如果陈述句中仅仅出现了用否定前缀表示否定的词,反意疑问句的动词仍用否定。
The news is unimportant, isn't it?
It is impossible, isn't it?
You haven't got our invitation, have you?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
6)
陈述句的主语是
I
则反意疑问句可用
aren't I
非正式也可用
am not I?
7)One
作主语,则反意疑问句的主语可用
one
非正式也可用
you
8)Let's ----
shall we
?
/ let us --- will you
9)
如果陈述句是祈使句,反意疑问句用
will you/ won't you
肯定
---
will you/ won't you
否定
---
will you
10)SVO
结构中,宾语从句由
that
引导。
如果主语不是
I
则反意疑问句的动词和主语与主句中的动词和主语配合
1
如果主语是
I
动词又是主观判断性动词
think
,
believe
,
suppose
,
imagine
,
expect
等则反 意疑
问句动词的选择和主语与
that
从句一致,但肯定否定与主句一致。
He said that she would go to Japan, didn't he?
He thought that she was able to pass the exam, didn't he?
I think that she is a good teacher, isn't she?
I don't believe that she tells a lie, does she?
11) Have
表示拥有
She has a bag, hasn't he/ doesn't he?
She doesn't have a bag, does she?
注:如果陈述句中的动词
have
表示
“
经历,遭受,得到,吃
”
的意思时,则简 短问句中的动词用
do
的形式。例如:
You often have headaches, don’t you?
12)
含有
ought to
的反意疑问句,疑问部分用
shouldn't / oughtn't +
主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
13)
陈述部分的谓语是
used
to
时,疑问部分用
didn't
+
主语或
usedn't
+
主语,有时也可以
used+
主语
+not
。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? / used he not?
14)
陈述部分有
must
的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
A
.
must
表示
“
应该
”
,其疑问部分用
mustn't< br>(不应该),如:
You must work hard next term, mustn't you ?
下学期你应该努力学习,对吗?
B
.
must
表示
“
必须
”
,其疑问部分用
needn't
(不必),如:
They must finish the work today, needn’t they?
他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗?
C
.陈述部分 含情态动词
mustn't
,表示禁止时,疑问部分就可以用
must
或may
,如:
You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? (may we?)
你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?
D
.
must
表示推测
,其疑问部分必须与
must
后面的主要动词相呼应。如:
可先将句子改为
I am sure that
从句,反意疑问句的形式根据
be sure that
后面的从句的谓语动词形
式确定
You must be hungry now, ____?
→
I am sure that you are hungry, aren't you?
→
I am sure that you have heard about it, haven't you?
She hasn't a bag, has he?
You must have heard about it,____?
You must have watched that football match last night,____?
→
I am sure that you watched that football match last night, didn't you?
15)
不太常用
2
1)
陈述部分有
have to +v. (had to + v.)
,疑问部分常用
don't +
主语(
didn't +
主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
2)
陈述部分有
had better + v.
疑问句部分用
hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
3)
陈述部分有
would rather +v.
,疑问部分多用
wouldn't +
主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
4)
陈述部分有
You'd like to +v.
疑问部分用
wouldn't +
主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
16)
带情态动词
dare
或
need
的反意疑问句,疑 问部分常用
need (dare ) +
主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当
dare, need
为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词
do +
主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17)
陈述部分主语是
this, that
时,
简略问句的主语用
it;
陈述部分主语是
these, those
时
,
简略问句的主
语用
they
。如
:
This is a new car
, isn’t it?
These are your books, aren’t they?
18)
陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
a.
并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b.
带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c.
上述部分主句谓语是
think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine
等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾
语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
d.
陈述部分主语是不定式、
v-ing
形式时
,简略问句的主语用
it
。如
:
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes, isn’t it?
19) I wi
sh ….
反意疑问用
may I?
I wish I were a student studying in Beijing University, may I?
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