2021年1月23日发(作者：年金)


1.

常考的几种倒装结构



1
）

当表示否定或基本否定的词或词组位于句首作状语时用倒装。这类词或 词组常用的
有：
never
，

nowhere
，

seldom
，

rarely
，

little
，

hardly
，

scarcely
，

barely
，

not until
，

not only
，

by no means
，

in no time
，

under no circumstances
，

under no condition
，

in no
way
，

in no case
，

at no time
，

on no account
等。






Never have I heard it before.
Nowhere can I find my lost watch.
Under no circumstance should a student cheat in the exam.
Not only was Churchill a statesman
，

but also a poet.


Note
：

当

“no sooner … than”
和
“hardly/scarcely … when/before”
位 于句首时用倒装。
该
结构表示
“
一
…
就
…”
，在时态上主句一般用过去完成时，
when
或
than
引导的从句用一般 过
去时。

Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when/before the bell rang.
No sooner had the performance begun than the lights went out.


2
）

当
here
，

there
，

then
，

thus
，

only
，

hence
，

little
等副词位于句首，句中主、
谓用倒装。

Here is the book for you.
There goes the bell.
Then came the order to take off.
Thus arose the division between the developed and developing countries.
3
）

当

“so/such … that”
结构中的
so
或
such
位于句首时用倒装。

So cold was it at night that I could hardly fall asleep.


Such was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken.


4
）

分句以
so
，

neither
，

nor
，

no more
等副词位于句首，表明前面句子中所说明 的
情况也使用于后面的句子时用倒装。

Copper is a good conductor. So are many other metals.
He didn’t see the film last night
，

neither did she.


2.
强调句型



这里讲的强调句主要是以
it
为引导词的分裂句。其构成形式为：
It is
（
was
）

+
被强调
部分
+ that
（
who
，

which
）

+
句子的其他部分。被强调的部分通常为主语、宾语和状语。

It is only when one is ill that one realizes the value of health.
It is what you will do that is essential.

Note
：



在被 强调部分的后面，一般用
that
引出句子的其他部分。但是如果强调的部分是表示人
的名词，那么也可用
who
；如果是指物的名词也可用
which
。

It was Jane that/who lent me the money.

It was this novel that/which they talked about last night.

如果强调的是原因状语从句，只能用
because引导，不能由
since
，

as
或
why
引导。



It was because
（不用
since
或
as
）

he had never had the opportunity that John hadn’t
learned to drive.


有三类句子成分不可以进行强调 ，
即表语、
谓语动词和由
though
，

although
，

whereas
等引导的从句。

It is although he is young that he can speak four languages.
（误）

Although he is young
，

he can speak four languages.
（正）

It is whereas he prefers pop song that I like classical music.
（误）

I like classical music whereas he prefers pop songs.
（正）



3.
使役动词后的宾语补足语