2021年1月23日发(作者：brook)
介绍圣诞节英文
ppt
【篇一：
christmas
】



christmas


christmas___ __________________________________________
____ ___________________ 1

definition
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___________ 2 etymology
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__________ _ 2 celebration
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__________ 2 date of celebration
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________ 2 commemorating jesus’ birth
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3 decorations
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__________ 3 history of christmas trees
_____ _________________________________________________< br>_ 4 music and carols
______________________ ________________________________
_________ 4 food
_________________________________________ _____________
___________________ 4 cards
_ __________________________________________________ ___
___________________ 5 stamps
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__ ________________ 5 gift giving
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_______ ________ 6 santa claus
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__________ 6 history
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______________ 7 pre-christian background
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_ 7 winter festivals
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__________ 7 christian feast
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___ ________ 7 feast established
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_________ 8 middle ages
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_____________ 8 reformation into the 19th century
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christmas traditions worldwide
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controversy and criticism
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economics
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___________ 9 photos
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_____________ 10 summary
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____ ______________ 12

definition

christmas or christmas day is a holiday[4][5][6]generally
observed on december 25 (with alternative days of january 7
for many orthodox churches, january 6 for the armenian
apostolic church and january 19 for the armenians of
jerusalem and the holy land[7]) to commemorate the birth of
jesus, the central figure of christianity

etymology

the word christmas originated as a compound meaning
christs mass. it is derived from the middle english
christemasse and old english cristes m?sse, a phrase first
recorded in 1038.[9]cristes is from greek christos and m?sse is
from latin missa (the holy mass).

celebration

christmas day is celebrated as a major festival and public
holiday in countries around the world, including many whose
populations are mostly non-christian. in some non-christian
countries, periods of former colonial rule introduced the
celebration (e.g. hong kong); in others, christian minorities or
foreign cultural influences have led populations to observe the
holiday. countries such as japan and korea, where christmas is
popular despite there being only a small number of christians,
have adopted many of the secular aspects of christmas, such
as gift- giving, decorations and christmas trees. notable
countries in which christmas is not a formal public holiday
include peoples republic of china, (excepting hong kong and
macao), japan, saudi arabia, algeria, thailand, nepal, iran,
turkey and north korea. christmas celebrations around the
world can vary markedly in form, reflecting differing cultural
and national traditions.

among countries with a strong christian tradition, a variety of
christmas celebrations have developed that incorporate
regional and local cultures. for christians, participating in a
religious service plays an important part in the recognition of
the season. christmas, along with easter, is the period of
highest annual church attendance. in catholic countries, the
people hold religious processions or parades in the days
preceding christmas. in other countries, secular processions
or parades featuring santa claus and other seasonal figures
are often held. family reunions and the exchange of gifts are a
widespread feature of the season. gift giving takes place on
christmas day in most countries. others practice gift giving on
december 6, saint nicholas day, and january 6, epiphany.

date of celebration

for centuries, christian writers accepted that christmas was
the actual date on which jesus was born.[17] in the early 18th
century, scholars began proposing alternative explanations.
isaac newton argued that the date of christmas was selected to
correspond with the winter solstice,[11] which the romans
called bruma

and celebrated on december 25.[18] in 1743, german protestant
paul ernst jablonski argued christmas was placed on
december 25 to correspond with the roman solar holiday dies
natalis solis invicti and was therefore a paganization that
debased the true church.[12] in 1889, louis duchesne
suggested that the date of christmas was calculated as nine
months after annunciation, the traditional date of the
conception of jesus


commemorating jesus’ birth

christians celebrate the birth of jesus to the virgin mary as a
fulfillment of the old testaments messianic prophecy.[24] the
bible contains two accounts which describe the events
surrounding jesus birth. depending on ones

perspective, these accounts either differ from each other or
tell two versions of the same story [25] [26][27][28] these
biblical accounts are found in the gospel of matthew, namely
matthew 1:18, and the gospel of luke, specifically luke 1:26 and
2:40. according to these accounts, jesus was born to mary,
assisted by her husband joseph, in the city of bethlehem.

decorations

see also: christmas tree, christmas lights, christmas stocking,
and christmas ornament the practice of putting up special
decorations at christmas has a long history. from pre-christian
times, people in the roman empire brought branches from
evergreen plants indoors in the winter. decorating with
greenery was also part of jewish tradition : now on the first day
you shall take for yourselves the foliage of beautiful trees,
palm branches and boughs of leafy trees and willows of the
brook, and you shall rejoice before the lord your god for seven
days. the traditional colors of christmas are green and red.
white, silver and gold are also popular. red symbolizes the
blood of jesus, which was shed in his crucifixion, while green
symbolizes eternal life, and in particular the evergreen tree,
which does not lose its leaves in the winter.[34][37]

a christmas tree at rockefeller center, new york city [37]

the christmas tree is considered by some as

christianisation of pagan tradition and ritual

surrounding the winter solstice, which included the

use of evergreen boughs, and an adaptation of pagan tree
worship.[38] the english language phrase

christmas tree is first recorded in 1835[39] and

represents an importation from the german language.

the modern christmas tree tradition is believed to

have begun in germany in the 18th century[38] though

many argue that martin luther began the tradition in

the 16th century.

christmas lights and banners may be hung along

streets, music played from speakers, and christmas trees
placed in prominent places.[44] it is common in many parts of
the world for town squares and consumer

shopping areas to sponsor and display decorations. rolls of
brightly colored

paper with secular or religious christmas motifs are
manufactured for the purpose of wrapping gifts.

history of christmas trees

long before the advent of christianity, plants and trees that
remained green all year had a special meaning for people in
the winter. discover the history of the christmas tree, from the
earliest winter solstice celebrations, to queen victoria and all
the way to the annual lighting of the rockefeller center tree.
music and carols

completely secular christmas seasonal

songs emerged in the late 18th century.

deck the halls dates from 1784, and the

american, jingle bells was copyrighted

in 1857. in the 19th and 20th century,

african american spirituals and songs

about christmas, based in their tradition

of spirituals, became more widely known.

an increasing number of seasonal holidays

songs were commercially produced in the

20th century, including jazz and blues

variations. in addition, there was a revival of interest in early
music, from groups singing folk music, such as the revels, to
performers of early medieval and classical music.

food

a special christmas family meal is traditionally an important
part of the holidays celebration, and the food that is served
varies greatly from

country to country. some regions, such as sicily, have special
meals for christmas eve, when 12 kinds of fish are served. in
england and countries influenced by its traditions, a standard
christmas meal includes turkey or goose, meat, gravy,
potatoes, vegetables, sometimes bread and cider. special
desserts are also

prepared, such as christmas pudding, mince pies and fruit
cake. [50][51] in poland and other parts of eastern europe and
scandinavia, fish often is used for the traditional main course,
but richer meat such as lamb is increasingly served. in
germany, france and austria, goose and pork are favored. beef,
ham and chicken in various recipes are popular throughout the
world. the maltese traditionally serve imbuljuta tal-qastan,[52]
a chocolate and chestnuts beverage, after midnight mass

and throughout the christmas season. slovaks prepare the
traditional

christmas bread potica, b?che de no?l in france, panettone in
italy, and elaborate tarts and cakes. the eating of sweets and
chocolates has become popular worldwide, and sweeter
christmas delicacies include the german stollen, marzipan
cake or candy, and jamaican rum fruit cake. as one of the few
fruits traditionally available to northern countries in winter,
oranges have been long associated with special christmas
foods.

cards

christmas cards are illustrated messages of greeting
exchanged between friends and family members during the
weeks preceding christmas day. the traditional greeting reads
wishing you a merry christmas and a happy new year, much
like that of the first commercial christmas card, produced by
sir hey cole in london in 1843. the custom of sending them has
become popular among a wide cross-section of people with
the emergence of the modern trend towards exchanging e-
cards.

christmas cards are

purchased in

considerable quantities,

and feature artwork,

commercially designed

and relevant to the

season. the content of

the design might relate

directly to the

christmas narrative with depictions of the nativity of jesus, or
christian symbols such

as the star of bethlehem,

or a white dove which can

represent both the holy spirit and peace on earth.

other christmas cards are more secular and can depict
christmas traditions, mythical figures such as santa claus,
objects directly associated with christmas such as candles,