2021年1月23日发(作者：草稿箱)
passage 2

When we meet another person for the first time, we are actually flooded with new information.
Almost at once, we notice his appearance, style of dress, and
manner
of speech. Furthermore, as
we listen to what he has to say and observe the things he does, we begin to form some ideas of
what kind of person he is and what he intends to do. As you know from your own experience,
though, we do not only gather these separate pieces of information. Instead, we go further and
combine them into a unified picture. In short, we form an overall
impression
of each person we
meet-an impression that can be favorable or unfavorable. But how precisely do we perform this
task? How do we combine so much different information into a clear first impression with such
quick speed? A great deal of research has been performed on this question, and resulits point to
the following answer: We perform this task through a special type of averaging.


Expressed very simply our impressions of others seem to represent a weighted average of all
information that can be gathered about them. That is, they reflect a process in which all
information we have about others is averaged to gether
—
but with some facts, or input receiving
greater sense. For example, in forming an impression of a new boss you would probably be
influedced to a much greater degree by how this person gives you orders ( whether respectfully or
not ) than by the color of his or her eyes. The fact that not all information about other persons
affects our impressions of them to the same degree, raises an important question: Just what kinds
of input receive the greatest weight? Again research provides some revealing(
发人深思
)
answers.

6. This passage is mainly about_______.
A. how our first impressions are expressed.
B. how our first impressions are formed.

C. how we can favorably impress others.
D. how first impression affect our lives.
7. According to the passage, the first impression is_______.
A. the result of quick look.
B. not based on enough information.
C.
a combination of pieces of information.
D. the observation of what a person does.
8. Research has shown that first impressions are generally more influenced by______.
A. the way others spesk.
B. appearance and styule of dress.
C. all information we have.
D.
certain types of information at hand.
9. The word ―weight‖in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_______.

A. amount
B. research

C.
importance D. burden
10. The following paragraph will most probably
discuss
______.
A. wrong first impression of other people.
B. selected information for forming first impression.
C. the importance of first impression in job situation.
D. ways of making good first impression.
passage.3
It is plain that in the year 2020 everyone will have at his elbow several times more mechanical
energy than he has today.
There will be advances in biological knowledge as far-reaching as those that have been made in
physics.
We are only beginning to learn that we can control
our biological
environment as well as our
physical world population: b
y Malthus in about 1800’by Cripples in about 1900. it was and the
second time by using the new fertilizers. In the year 2020, starvation will be headed off by the
control of the
diseases
and the herdity(
遗传
) of plants and animals
–
by shaping our own biological
environment.
Now I come back to the haunting theme of automation. The most common species in the factory
today is the man who works or minds a simple in the factory today is the man who works or minds
a simple machine
—
the operator. By the year 2020, the
repetitive
tasks of industry will be taken
over by the machines, as the heavy tasks were over long ago; and the mental tedium(
乏味
) will go
the way of
physical
exhaustion. Thoday we still distinguish, even among repetitive jobs, between
the skilled and the unskilled; but in the year 2020 all repetition will be unskilled. We simply waste
our time if we oppose this change; it is as inevitable as the year 2020 itself.
11. The article was written to _______.
A. warn us of the impending(
即将发生
) starvation
B. present facts about life in the near future

C. oppose biological advances
D. warn of the evil side of automation
12. Advances in biological knowledge_______.
A. kept pace with advances in physics
B. responsible for the invention of new machines
C. surpassed those in physics
D
. lagged behind those in physics

13. According to the passage, starvation_________.
A. can be predicted B. is unavoidable
C. can be prevented
D. is mainly caused by poor agriculture
14. Repetitive tasks in industry lead to _________.
A. physical exhaustion B. mental stimulation
C. mental exhaustion D. extinction
15. If the predictions of the writer are realized, the demand for the unskilled workers in 21st
century will be_________.
A. very high
B. very low

C. the same as today D. constantly rising
passge.4
Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people’s attitudes and behavior.
Experiments have proved that in noisy situations (even temporary ones ), people behave more
irritably and less cooperatively; in more permanent noisy situations, many people cannot work
hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other
psychological
problems. However
psychologists distinguish between―sound‖and ―noise‖.―Sound‖is measured physically in
decibels(
分贝
)
.―Noise‖cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the psychological
effect of sound and its level of ―intensity‖depends on the situation. Thus, for passengers at an
airport who expect to hear airplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not
much noise (that is, they are not botered by the noise). By contrast, if you are at a concert and two
people behind you are whispering you feel they are talking noisily even if there is not much sound.
You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically. Both sound and noise can have
negative effects, but what is most important is if the person has control over the sound. People
walking down the street with earphones listening to music that they
enjoy
, are receiving a lot of
decibels of sound, but they are probably happy hearing sounds that they control. On the other hand,
people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have no control over.
It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily.
16. According to the passage people_________.
A. can not work better in a noisy situation
B. will suffer from complete deafness because of noise pollution
C. can be psychologically affected by working in very noisy factories

D. may cooperate well in a noisy surrounding
1
7. ―Sound‖, as defined by the psychologist
，
_________.
A. can be measured in the same way that ―noise‖ in measured

B. may be extremely harmful to health
C. is not
at all different from ―noise‖

D. can be measured by machines

18. Peple waiting at an airport_________.
A. enjoy hearing airplanes taking off and landing
B. are usually not troubled by the noise

C. can easily tell sound from noise
D. are often physically affected by the noise
19. People enjoy listenting to music________.
A. though they are receiving a lot of decibels of sound in fact