2021年1月23日发(作者：idk)
如何找出文章的中心思想（
1
）

—
、

怎样准确找出文章的中心思想（
1
）

阅读测试一般包括
4
篇文章的阅读，
每篇后有
5
道选择题。
这些的类型多种多样，
但归纳起来大致可分为二大类，即全域型问题（
Global Question
）和局域型问题
（
Local Question
）
. Local Question
一般涉及三方面内容：
Subject Matter, Attitude,
Tone; Local Question
涉及：
Supporting Details, Inference,
V
ocabulary
.
以下，我们
将针对考试的特点、
出题范畴、
出题方式等，
根据这些问题在考试出题中的大致
排列顺序，进行有步骤、有计划的分项应试技能 训练。


关于主题思想问题（
Subject Matter
）

Subject
Matter(SM
中心思想< br>)
是作者在文章中要表达的的主要内容是贯穿全文的
核心。
作者在文章中努力通 过各种
Supporting Details
来阐明中心议题。
因此，
把< br>握主要思想对于全文内容理解具有重要意义。
熟悉测试的人都知道，
这类问题常
被列为
5
题之首。
然而，
如何找出主题常使考生倍感棘手。
因为他们 总希望通过
某个词或某句话就能找到答案，而找主题往往需要通读全文后才能作出判断。
针对
SM
问题，
应采用快速阅读法
（
Skimming
）
浏览全文，
理解文章主旨大意，
阅读时要注意抓住中心思想的句子在文章中的位置也 不同，
但阅读时，
文章的开
头、
结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议
题（
SM
）
。

根据 内容的不同，
这类问题可分为主题型、
标题型和目的型。
主题型一目了然就
是 找中心（
Main
Idea
）
;
标题型是为文章选择标题（
Title
）
;
目的型就是推断作者
的写作意图（
Purpose
）
.
这类题常见的命题方式有：

（
1
）

What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?
（
2
）

What does this passage mainly (primarily)concerned ?
（
3
）

The main theme of this passage is ___________.
（
4
）

The main point of the passage is__________.
（
5
）

Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?
（
6
）

The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is ___________.
（
7
）

On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found in a
textbook ?
（
8
）

The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _________.
（
9
）

Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?



如何找出文章的中心思想（
2
）

1.
关于主题型

Example 1:
Oceanography has been defined as
sea
far
between
.Certainly
Newton
considered
some
theoretical
aspects
of
it
in
his
writings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work .
For most people
the sea was remote , and with the exception of early
intercontinental
travelers
or
others
,
who
earned
a
living
from
the
sea,
there
was
little
reason
to
ask
many questions about
it ,let alone to what
lay beneath the surface , The
first time that
the
question

is
at
the
bottom
of
oceans

had
to
be
answered
with
any
commercial
consequence
was
when
the
laying
of
a
telegraph
cable
from
Europe
to
America
was
proposed.
The
engineers
had
to
know
the
depth
profile
(
轮廓
)
of
the
route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
It
was to
Maury of
US Navy
that the Atlantic Telegraph Company
turned,
in 1853 ,
for
information
on
this
matter.
In
the
1840s,Maury
had
been
responsible
for
encouraging
voyages
during
which
soundings
(
试探
)
were
taken
investigate
the
depths of
the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Later,
some of
his
findings aroused
much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.

The
cable
was
laid
,
but
not
until
1866
was
the
connection
made
permanent
and
reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it
was
found
to
be
covered
in
living
growths,
a
fact
which
defied
contemporary
scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.

Within
a
few
years
oceanography
was
under
way
.
In
1872
Thomson
led
a
scientific
expedition, which
lasted
for
four
years and brought
home thousands of
samples
form
the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five
-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895 .
This passage is mainly about_____________.
A) the beginnings of oceanography
B) the laying of the first undersea cable
C) the investigation of ocean depths
D) the early intercontinental communications

本题问及全篇的中心思想。
通过快读
（
skimming
）
我们知道这是一篇叙述

海洋
学

的文章。第一段谈的是关于

海洋学

的定义；第二段是讲
19
世纪前对海洋感
兴对趣的科 学家不多；
第三段谈到由于有人提了铺设海底电缆，
人们才开始研究

海底深处 究竟是什么

；
第四段说
Maury
考察北大西洋和太平洋的发现引起 广泛
的注意；
第五段讲修筑海底电缆过程中发现大量的海洋生物；
最后一段是海洋学< br>研究的成果。
可风全篇主要是讲海洋学的研究是如何开展起来的，
所以正确答案
是
A
）
。文章有好几个地方谈到铺设海底电缆
B
）和越洋通讯（D
）
，但都是围绕
着海洋学这条主线的。至于
C)
，测量海洋深 度，只是一个细节，不可能是文章
的中心意思。



如何找出文章的中心思想（
3
）

2
．关于标题型


Example :